施钾量对晋南旱地冬小麦的影响

通过2008—2010年大田试验,研究了不同施钾量对晋南雨养区冬小麦生育期光合生理特性、产量构成和钾素利用率的影响。结果表明,施钾可显著促进旱地小麦灌浆期旗叶光合作用,提高生育期旗叶硝酸还原酶(NR)活性,降低脯氨酸(Pro)质量分数和丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度,进而显著增加产量。但施钾量(K2O)在75～225kg/hm2范围内时,小麦旗叶光合生理指标及产量均无显著变化。钾肥利用率随施钾量的增加而显著降低,以施钾(K2O)75kg/hm2最高。综合考虑光合生理特性、产量及钾素利用率,当地旱作冬小麦施钾量以75kg/hm2左右为宜。     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

氮、磷、钾、硅肥配施对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

在大田条件下 ,应用四因素五水平二次正交回归组合设计方法 ,研究了山西石灰性草甸土壤合理施用氮、磷、钾、硅肥对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明 :氮、磷、钾、硅肥的合理配施对水稻产量的形成有极显著的促进作用 ,四因素与产量的主效应回归方程为y =6973.5+2 4 89x 1+7.912x 2 +7.388x 3 +7.0 4 72x 4 。氮肥主要是通过影响有效穗、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重而促进产量的形成 ,磷肥主要是通过影响有效穗、穗粒数而促进产量的形成 ,钾肥主要是通过影响有效穗、结实率而促进产量的形成 ,硅肥主要是通过影响千粒重、结实率、穗粒数、有效穗而促进产量的形成     

ICAI Realizaltion for the K-map Simplification of Logical Function

Based on the theory of the K map simplification of logical function(KSLF),this article releases a ICAI Realization for KSLF.Providing three kinds of teaching style:commonness, teaching, practice.This product,wich supports for the K map simplification with random item,is not only helpful to the construction of the curriculum of digital circuit ,but also to the design for digital application system.Under the practice method, This product's guides,checks,and corrects the student's whole process forthe proceeding of KSLF automaticly under the teaching method.     

氮钾互作对马铃薯产量,品质与氮磷钾吸收的影响

本文研究了四个氮钾处理对马铃薯“金冠”品种植株生长、块茎产量与品质和氮磷钾吸收的影响.结果表明:在钾水平相同时,高氮比低氮抑制植株生长与降低块茎产量,尤其是在高钾条件下增氮的减产效应更明显.低氮时增钾明显地促进植株生长与提高块茎产量,而高氮时增钾则抑制植株生长与降低块茎产量.处理中,以低氮高钾(N_4K_6)处理的块茎产量、品质与商品率最佳.氮钾互作明显地影响植株对氮、钾吸收,而对磷吸收影响不大.植株的氮、磷含量与块茎产量无显著相关,植株的钾含量与块茎产量呈显著正相关.植株体内N/K比值与块茎产量呈显著负相关。     

Shikonin inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by OGD through targeting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIM: To explore the effect of shikonin on rat primary cortical neurons in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury model.METHODS: The neurons were pretreated with shikonin at different concentrations (0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 μmol/L) followed by treatment with OGD. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide (FDA/PI) double staining were used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis, and then the optimal concentration of shikonin was determined. LY294002 (PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor, 1 μmol/L) was added before the addition of shikonin, and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons was determined by Wes-tern blot. LDH release assay and FDA/PI double staining were also used to detect neuronal viability and apoptosis.RESULTS: A certain concentration (0.2~20 μmol/L) of shikonin increased the viability of impaired neurons (P<0.05) and the protein level of p-Akt (Ser473) in the neurons (P<0.05). The effect of shikonin on neuronal p-Akt (Ser473) levels and the cell death were blocked by LY294002 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: A certain concentration of shikonin reduces OGD-induced apoptosis of rat primary cortical neurons by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.     

油菜氮磷钾肥效应研究

[目的]确定安徽省贵池地区油菜氮磷钾肥平衡施用的适宜用量范围。[方法]试验设CK、OPT-N、OPT-P、OPT-K、农民习惯Farm-erPr.6个处理。油菜成熟时每小区随机抽取6株植株考种,测定株高、一级分枝高、一级分枝数、单株角数、每角粒数、千粒重和每小区产量。[结果]在氮、钾、硼肥平衡施用下可以显著提高油菜的生物性状。施用氮肥能明显增加油菜角果总数和提高油菜籽粒产量,同时可以显著提高籽粒和茎秆比值;施用磷肥可以显著提高单株一级分枝数、单株二级分枝数,同时显著提高籽粒产量,明显提高籽粒/茎秆比值;施用钾肥可以显著增加单株角果数,提高产量,同时提高籽粒/茎秆的比值;相比当地农民习惯施肥可以显著提高单株角果数量,显著增加产量,同时提高籽粒和茎秆比值。[结论]施用氮肥180 kg/hm2,磷肥90 kg/hm2,钾肥120 kg/hm2,硼肥用量15 kg/hm2时可以达到产量效益最大化。     

利用小麦90K SNP芯片研究泰山22的遗传组成

为探索育种选择对小麦基因组的影响,利用小麦90KSNP芯片分析了鲁麦18(母本)和鲁麦14(父本)对泰山22的遗传贡献率.结果表明,鲁麦18对泰山22号的贡献略大于鲁麦14,遗传贡献率分别为51.87％和48.13％.父母本在染色体间的遗传贡献率存在较大差异,父本鲁麦14贡献率超过50％的染色体有1A、1B、2A、3B...     

NPK不同配比对笋瓜(印度南瓜)果实中铬(Cr~(3+))、果胶和戊糖含量的影响

以笋瓜(印度南瓜)龙园栗香为材料,研究了N、P、K不同肥料配比对笋瓜果实中铬(Cr3+)、果胶、戊糖3种物质含量的影响。结果表明:高氮肥(尿素450kg·hm-2)的各组合下果实中Cr3+、果胶和戊糖含量均显著降低。在正常追肥(N1P1K1)前提下,仅增施钾肥的处理(N1P1K2)果实中3种物质均显著增加,仅增施磷肥的处理(N1P2K1)果实中Cr3+和戊糖含量显著增加,同时增施钾肥和磷肥的处理(N1P2K2)更有利于果实中Cr3+的积累。综合来看,生产中采用N1P1K2(尿素225kg·hm-2+磷酸铵225kg·hm-2+硫酸钾300kg·hm-2)处理进行追肥,可提高笋瓜果实中Cr3+、果胶、戊糖的含量。     

不同生态区烤烟K326质量特征差异分析

对福建泰宁、云南祥云、河南宜阳生态区烤烟K326主要质量特征差异进行了研究.结果表明,泰宁生态区和祥云生态区烤烟为清香型,宜阳生态区烤烟为浓香型.泰宁生态区和祥云生态区烤烟植株相对高大,而宜阳生态区烤烟植株相对较小.泰宁生态区和祥云生态区烤烟类胡萝卜素及其降解产物(β-大马酮、β-二氢大马酮、藏花醛、β-环柠檬醛、二氢猕猴桃内酯等)、类胡萝卜素降解产物总量,叶绿素及其降解产物新植二烯,以及烤烟还原糖和总糖等指标含量高于宜阳生态区烤烟.宜阳生态区烤烟类胡萝卜素相关降解产物(茄酮、巨豆三烯酮1、巨豆三烯酮2、巨豆三烯酮4等)、苯丙氨酸降解产物(苯甲醛、苯乙醛)及其总量,以及烤烟总碱和氯等指标含量高于泰宁生态区和祥云生态区烤烟.可见,不同生态区烤烟K326外观形态、常规化学成分及香气物质含量、香型均存在差异.