氮钾肥配施比例对准两优527产量及化肥利用率的影响

在施肥总量不变的情况下,研究了氮、钾肥基施、穗施不同配比对超级稻准两优527产量及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,凡配施N、K肥料的,产量较对照增加73.56~112.86 kg/667m2,增产14.64%~22.45%,达极显著水平;而配施N、K的处理之间产量均未达显著差异。超级稻准两优527对N、K的吸收总量及肥料利用率随穗肥用量的增加而提高,在施肥上采用前轻后重的施肥技术有利于提高肥料的利用率。     

基于地表水目标水质的畜禽粪便水环境承载力估算

针对南方水网地区畜禽养殖业发展受限问题,以浙江省江山港流域为研究对象,实地调研核定流域水污染物来源途径与入河污染负荷量;基于QUAL2K模型,建立地表水水质响应模型,评估江山港流域在达到目标水质时的畜禽粪便水环境承载力;运用情景分析法探究畜禽养殖与地表水水质响应关系。结果表明：1)2020年江山港流域入河负荷量为190.564 t（以氨氮计）,土壤流失、污水处理厂、化肥施用、有机肥施用和水产养殖分别占总负荷的70.0%、14.8%、11.0%、2.8%和1.4%。2）当水质目标设定为达到Ⅰ类和优于Ⅱ类时,江山港流域能承载畜禽最大养殖量分别为133.5万和1 622.1万头猪当量,当前养殖规模未超载。3）江山港流域地表水水质对畜禽养殖量的响应关系弱,畜禽养殖不是流域水环境保护的制约因素。建议江山港流域加强生态沟渠的建设与管理,协同实现畜禽养殖业发展与水环境保护。     

大肠杆菌k88ac菌毛蛋白亚基因的克隆、表达及亲和层析纯化

利用PCR技术,从E.coli C83902中扩增出不含信号肽序列的K88ac菌毛蛋白亚基基因片段,将其克隆到表达载体pQE-30中,构建了原核表达载体pQE30-K88ac,并转入E.coli XL1-Blue中。经IPTG诱导后,由T5启动子调控表达了氨基端带6个连续组氨酸残基的以包涵体形式存在的K88ac蛋白,在变性条件下对目的蛋白进行纯化,并获得了高纯度的融合蛋白。     

K型网目对渔用乙纶网片拉伸力学性能的影响

以网片断裂强力、网片断裂伸长率和网片断裂强力保持率为指标，研究了不同K型网目对渔用乙纶网片拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明：K型网目下网目内径之比在1.01～1．20时，网片断裂强力随着网目内径之比的增大而下降，两者呈密函数相关。同规格线的网片，K型网目下且两网目内径之比相同时，小规格网目尺寸的网片断裂强力损失小，断裂伸长率高，而大规格网目尺寸的网片断裂强力损失大．断裂伸长率低。     

Water production functions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) irrigated with saline and alkali waters using double-line source sprinkler system

Expected yield losses as a function of quality and quantity of water applied for irrigation are required to formulate guidelines for the effective utilisation of marginal quality waters. In an experiment conducted during 2004-2006, double-line source sprinklers were used to determine the separate and interactive effects of saline and alkali irrigation waters on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The study included three water qualities: groundwater (GW; electrical conductivity of water, ECw 3.5 dS m⁻¹; sodium adsorption ratio, SAR 9.8 mmol L⁻¹; residual sodium carbonate, RSC, nil) available at the site, and two synthesized waters, saline (SW; ECw 9.4 dS m⁻¹, SAR 10.3 mmol L⁻¹; RSC nil) and alkali (AW; ECw 3.7 dS m⁻¹, SAR 15.1 mmol L⁻¹; RSC 9.6 meq. L⁻¹). The depths of applied SW, AW, and GW per irrigation ranged from 0.7 to 3.5 cm; the depths of applied mixtures of GW with either SW (MSW) or AW (MAW) ranged from 3.2 to 5 cm. Thereby, the water applied for post-plant irrigations using either of GW, SW or AW ranged between 15.2 and 34.6 cm and 17.1 and 48.1 cm during 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, respectively and the range was 32.1-37.0 and 53.1-60.0 cm for MSW or MAW. Grain yields, when averaged for two years, ranged between 3.08 and 4.36 Mg ha⁻¹, 2.57 and 3.70 Mg ha⁻¹ and 2.73 and 3.74 Mg ha⁻¹ with various quantities of water applied using GW, SW and AW, respectively, and between 3.47 and 3.75 Mg ha⁻¹ and 3.63 and 3.77 Mg ha⁻¹ for MSW and MAW, respectively. The water production functions developed for the two sets of water quality treatments could be represented as: RY = 0.528 + 0.843(WA/OPE) − 0.359(WA/OPE)² − 0.027ECw + 0.44 × 10⁻²(WA/OPE) × ECw for SW (R² = 0.63); RY = 0.446 + 0.816(OPE/WA) − 0.326(WA/OPE)² − 0.0124RSC − 0.55 × 10⁻⁴(WA/OPE) × RSC for AW (R² = 0.56). Here, RY, WA and OPE are the relative yields in reference to the maximum yield obtained with GW, water applied for pre- and post-plant irrigations (cm), and open pan evaporation, respectively. Crop yield increased with increasing amount of applied water for all of the irrigation waters but the maximum yields as obtained with GW, could not be attained even with increased quantities of SW and AW. Increased frequency of irrigation with sprinklers reduced the rate of yield decline with increasing salinity in irrigation water. The sodium contents of plants increased with salinity/alkalinity of sprinkled waters as also with their quantities. Simultaneous decrease in potassium contents resulted in remarkable increase in Na:K ratio.     

氮磷钾肥配合施用对甘薯的增产效果

通过10几年来甘薯氮、磷、钾配比田间试验结果表明：甘薯每公顷施N150-225kg，N：P2O5：K2O比例以1：0.3～0.5：0.8～1.2为宜。增产效果N〉K〉P，旱地明显高出水旱轮作地。通过大面积示范推广测产统计和228个田间小区试验分析，配方施肥比当地常规施肥每公顷平均增产鲜薯3587kg和4881kg，增产效果较好。     

蔬菜保护地土壤对外源钾的固定特征研究

对蔬菜保护土地壤的固钾特征进行了研究,结果表明土壤的固钾率随着土壤速效钾含量的提高和钾素施入量的增加逐渐降低．土壤用于保护地蔬菜栽培以后,速效钾含量明显提高,同时土壤对钾素固定率也随之降低．铵离子可以替代钾离子而被土壤粘土矿物固定,铵离子和钾离子等浓度存在时土壤的固钾率仅是钾离子单独存在时的二分之一,当这两种离子的浓度分别达到300．0μg·g-1时,施入土壤中钾素的固定率降低到50％以下,最低的只有27．7％。因此,在蔬菜保护地条件下,为避免钾素的淋失和土壤溶液浓度的提高,应提倡钾肥与铵态氮化肥分施和钾肥分次施用。     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

供Mg水平对烤烟累积N、K、Ca、Mg的影响

盆栽试验表明 :(1 )供 Mg促进烟株对 NO- 3-N的吸收和积累 ;(2 )供 Mg极显著提高烟叶中 Mg的含量 ,但也显著降低 K和 Ca的含量 ;(3 ) Mg与 K、Ca之间存在着拮抗作用 ;(4 )供 Mg提高烟叶的 K/(Ca+Mg)值 ,改善卷烟燃烧品质 .缺Mg,K/(Ca+Mg)比值较低 ,品质不良