樟叶越桔叶2个新6−O−咖啡酰葡萄糖苷的分离鉴定

为进一步挖掘樟叶越桔叶中的化学成分,采用硅胶、葡聚糖凝胶LH−20、Diaion HP20等多种柱层析方法,从其叶的80%甲醇提取物中分离得到2个新的6−O−咖啡酰葡萄糖苷,分别命名为樟叶越桔苷K（dunalianoside K,1）和樟叶越桔苷L（dunalianoside L,2）,它们的化学结构通过HRMS、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、HSQC、HMBC和COSY等波谱分析得到确定。     

硝态N累积与菠菜有机N形成及P、K吸收的关系

在低N(0.3g·kg-1土)和高N(0.6g·kg-1土)2个水平下,采用土壤盆栽试验,研究了30个菠菜品种硝态N累积情况及其与植株生长,有机N形成,P、K吸收的关系。结果表明:施N水平低时,30个菠菜品种的硝态N含量与生长量、有机N总量和P、K吸收量之间均无显著的相关关系;高N时,菠菜品种间硝态N含量表现出显著的差异,硝态N含量最高与最低相差242mg·kg-1,与生长量、有机N总量和P、K吸收量之间亦呈极显著正相关关系。     

东亚飞蝗光谱特征波长筛选与龄期识别方法研究

利用高光谱图像采集系统在400~1 000 nm波段范围内采集东亚飞蝗成虫、5龄、4龄和3龄的前胸背甲光谱信息;每个龄期提取15像素×15像素目标区域平均反射率信息作为样本信息;提出了一种基于K均值聚类和主成分分析(K-PCA)相结合特征波段提取方法,对比分析K-PCA和SPA(投影连续变换)2种特征波长提取方法,采用Fisher判别分析方法分别对K-PCA和SPA筛选的特征波长建立东亚飞蝗龄期识别判别模型,实验结果表明K-PCA筛选出的特征波长数少且正确识别率为98.25%。K-PCA筛选的特征波长为468 nm、555 nm、635 nm、710 nm、729 nm、750 nm、786 nm和899 nm。本文提取的东亚飞蝗特征波长为东亚飞蝗的龄期识别奠定基础,进而对蝗灾的监测与预防提供了技术支持。     

外生菌根真菌Laccaria bicolor S238N增强花旗松生长及其对磷钾吸收的能力

Two variable charge soils were submerged after the addition of 30g/kg of organic matter to examine the differences in behavior between iron and manganese with respect to reduction and the distribution of different froms of the reduced elements.The reduction of manganese proceeded almost synchronously with the fall in redox potential,while the reduction of iron showed a remarkable lag behind the Eh change.Once formed,the distribution of water-soluble,exchangeable and precipitatied forms of ferrous iron was controlled by pH,CEC of the soil and total concentration of the element.For manganous ions,the proportions of water-soluble and exchangeable forms in total Mn^2 were larger than those for ferrous ions.The reduction of the two elements led to a mobilization of them,and such effect persisted even after drying of the soil,i.e.,the content of amorphous Fe became higher than that of the original soil.     

华东地区部分猪源大肠杆菌K88黏附素的生物学特性

近年来，从华东地区患腹泻仔猪中分离到一些表达K88菌毛的大肠杆菌，这些菌株只与K88a因子单抗反应，而不与b、c、d因子单抗反应。通过K88常规血清交叉吸收试验、SDS-PAGE、Western印迹，表明这些菌株不仅与K88ac参考菌株C83907制备的c因子血清反应，而且与以分离株SEC586制备且经K88ab、K88ac、K88ad参考菌株吸收后的血清也反应。对分离株SEC586、SEC464的K88主要亚单位结构基因faeG的克隆、测序，发现该基因由846对核苷酸组成，编码菌毛主要亚单位的262个氨基酸及21个氨基酸的信号肽，比国外报道的K88ac FaeG亚单位（263个氨基酸）少了1个氨基酸，比K88ab、K88ad（265个氨基酸）少了3个氨基酸。SEC586、SEC464菌株的FaeG亚单位氨基酸序列的同源性为97．7％，它们与K88ac的同源性为94．7％和96．2％；与K88ab的同源性为90．1％和91．2％；与K88ad的同源性为87．0％和88，6％。结果表明，新分离的K88ac大肠杆菌黏附素主要亚单位已发生了部分变异。     

解钾微生物K3与K4的分离及特性研究

用无氮培养基从土壤中选出2株菌种,然后对菌种进行分离、鉴定以及对解钾能力进行测定。结果表明：对不同地区及生物肥料样品进行稀释倒皿后,只有少数样品中分离到解钾菌株。该菌通过革兰氏染色实验、过氧化氢酶实验、硝酸盐还原实验、淀粉水解实验和V.P.实验等初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌。该菌解钾效果随时间的延长菌浓度逐渐增加,但pH变化不明显。     

N、P、K三要素对水稻产量的效应分析

利用数学模型研究了N、P、K对水稻产量的影响，分析了单因素效应、双因素效应和边际效应，得出三要素对产量的贡献率大小依次为：N1．2081、P1．0527、K0．8499；N和P互作明显；当P处于高水平时，N的增产效果明显。说明高N、P配合适当的K是提高水稻产量的重要途径之一。     

施钾对草地早熟禾根部可溶性碳水化合物及叶片氮，磷和钾含量的影响

以草地早熟禾（Poapratensis）品种男爵（Baronie）为试验材料,研究了不同施钾处理对根部0～10cm可溶性碳水化合物和叶片氮,磷和钾含量的影响。结果表明：在单施钾肥的情况下,随着施钾量的增加,越冬前草地早熟禾根系可溶性碳水化合物的含量也显著提高（P〈0．05）,这可能有助于提高植株越冬率,促进返青生长,而在同时施有氮、磷的情况下,碳水化合物含量间的差异并不显著,草地早熟禾叶片氮、钾含量也随着施钾量的增加呈显著增加的趋势（P〈0．05）。通过碳水化合物及叶片氮,磷和钾含量的测定,以N5g／m^2＋P20s3．33g／m^2＋K2O 6．68g／m^2处理对草坪返青及分蘖最佳。     

Na(+), K(+)-ATPase content in skeletal muscle of dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism

Several hormones regulate Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content in the muscle cell membrane, which is essential for maintaining muscle cell excitability. Chronic glucocorticoid excess is associated with muscle weakness and reduced endurance. We hypothesized that chronic glucocorticoid excess affects Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content in canine skeletal muscle, and contributes to reduced endurance and muscle weakness associated with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs. Therefore, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content in skeletal muscle was evaluated before and after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement (cortisone and l-thyroxin) in dogs with PDH (n = 13), and in healthy controls (n = 6). In addition, baseline and exercise-induced changes in plasma electrolyte concentrations and acid–base balance were evaluated before and after hypophysectomy in dogs with PDH. Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content of gluteal muscle in dogs with PDH was significantly lower than in control dogs (201 ± 13 pmol/g versus 260 ± 8 pmol/g wet weight; P < 0.01). Similar differences were found in palatine muscle. After hypophysectomy and on hormone replacement, Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase was increased (234 ± 7 pmol/g wet weight). Both plasma pH and base excess in dogs with PDH (7.44 ± 0.01; 1.7 ± 0.6 mmol/l, respectively) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement (7.41 ± 0.01; −0.2 ± 0.4 mmol/l, respectively). Exercise induced respiratory alkalosis, but did not result in hyperkalemia in dogs with PDH. In conclusion, chronic glucocorticoid excess in dogs with PDH is associated with decreased Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content in skeletal muscle. This may contribute to reduce endurance in canine PDH, although dogs with PDH did not exhibit exercise-induced hyperkalemia. Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase content normalized to values statistically not different from healthy controls after hypophysectomy and hormone replacement.