日本囊对虾原肌球蛋白的原核表达、抗体制备以及组织表达分析

食物过敏是人类常见的一种过敏性疾病,主要由食物中的蛋白质引起。原肌球蛋白(tropomyosin,TPM)是食用虾蟹等甲壳动物引起过敏反应的主要致敏物质。研究从日本囊对虾肌肉组织中克隆了TPM基因,进行了原核表达和蛋白质纯化,并进一步制备了相应的抗体。Western-blotting分析表明原肌球蛋白在日本囊对虾组织中普遍表达,并且肌肉组织中表达量最高而鳃和皮肤组织中表达量最低。研究结果为对虾过敏性疾病的诊断和治疗以及脱敏食品开发等奠定了理论基础。     

鲆鲽鱼类维生素及微量元素营养需求研究进展

随着海水鱼养殖规模的不断扩大,对鲆鲽鱼类养殖以及其饲料开发的研究也随之增多.对国内外维生素和微量元素研究进展做了系统性的综述,以期为开展鲆鲽鱼类健康养殖和其饲料开发提供借鉴。     

γ射线对日本囊对虾生物学效应的初步探讨

本试验探讨了不同辐射剂量60Co γ射线处理日本囊对虾（Marsupenaeus japonicus L.）的亲体及幼体的生物学效应,并通过产卵量、孵化率、存活率、畸形率及亲虾的活力等,对辐射诱变效应进行评估。实验数经过SPSS11.0进行单因素方差分析以及线性回归分析显示,亲虾的活力、产卵量、孵化率和存活率随着辐射剂量的升高而下降,而畸形率则相应呈现出上升趋势,辐射剂量同日本囊对虾幼体各性状指标呈显著相关（R2>0.85）。试验还表明,大量受精卵在胚胎时期就发生死亡,但部分畸形的胚胎会发育到无节幼体阶段,并极有可能进一步发育到成体阶段,这将是对可能产生的诱变个体进行人工筛选的工作基础。     

Genetic diversity and relatedness estimates for captive barramundi (Lates calcarifer,Bloch) broodstock informs efforts to form a base population for selective breeding

Aquaculture of barramundi or Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is growing in both Australia and Southeast Asia and there is substantial interest to improve production efficiency through selective breeding. The establishment of a large and genetically diverse base population is a prerequisite for a sustainable and long‐term productive breeding program. Before selective breeding programs can begin for Australian barramundi it is important to assess the overall genetic diversity of current captive broodstock populations. To address this question, 407 captive barramundi broodstock from eight separate Australian broodstock populations were genotyped using 16 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers. A Bayesian STRUCTURE analysis indicated that captive Australian broodstock are broadly divided into two genetic stocks. Multivariate analysis between broodstock individuals and pairwise F_ST between broodstock populations also supported the existence of two stocks. Comparisons with data obtained from natural stocks suggested that hatchery individuals were either sourced from the two stocks or represented an admixture between them. Genetic diversity was low within each broodstock population (allelic richness ranged from 2.67 to 3.42 and heterozygosity ranged from 0.453 to 0.537) and relatedness estimates within hatcheries were generally low (average r was equal to 0.141). We recommend sourcing captive individuals according to high levels of neutral genetic diversity and low levels of relatedness for the establishment of a base population. We also make recommendations about including genetically diverse wild individuals.     

浅谈提高大学日语听力水平的策略

听力是日语学习的一个重要方面,影响学生听力的因素是多方面的。笔者主要从词汇量的积累、背景知识的掌握、泛读与精读相结合及如何克服不良心理因素,培养综合处理听力等几方面论述了提高大学生日语听力能力的对策。     

日本对虾内陆养殖的实验室模拟研究

我们将日本对虾进行实验室桶养作模拟内陆养殖试验。发现日本对虾可以顺利地养殖到体长５－７厘变,然后短人存活率急剧降低,这一现象与我们海边虾塘养殖所得到的结果极为一致,我们称之为“５－７”现象。     

New potyvirus isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptotaenia japonica</Emphasis>

 A potyvirus, for which the name Japanese hornwort mosaic virus (JHMV) is proposed, was isolated from Japanese hornwort plants (Cryptotaenia japonica) with mosaic disease symptoms. The virus was used to inoculate mechanically 34 plants belonging to 33 species of 10 families. Of these species seven from two families were infected. Faint chlorotic spots appeared on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor, but no systemic infection occurred in these plants. JHMV systemically infected only Umbelliferae plants; they did not infect 26 other species in eight families. JHMV was transmitted in a nonpersistent manner by aphids (Myzus persicae). The virus was a flexuous rod-shaped particle about 750 nm in length. Sequencing the nucleotides in the 3′ terminal region of JHMV revealed that the coat protein contains 280 amino acids with a molecular mass of 32.2 kDa. The nucleotide sequence of the coat protein of JHMV had the highest similarity with that of Zantedeschia mosaic virus (83.3%) compared to those of other potyviruses (57.0%–64.9%). An antiserum against JHMV reacted strongly with JHMV and weakly with Potato virus Y. These results indicate that JHMV is a new potyvirus. Received: September 9, 2002 / Accepted: November 7, 2002 RID="*" ID="*" The nucleotide sequence determined in this work appears in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank nucleotide sequence databases with the accession number AB081518     

野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑及其杂交后代的行为规律研究

将微山湖野生日本鸣鹑与家鹌鹑杂交F2代按1公∶5母进行分组,采用秒表单位记时法观察鹌鹑的行为,并引用同期亲本和F1代的相同资料,对鸣叫、打斗和交配行为频次进行比较。结果表明:①杂交F2代鹌鹑鸣叫行为比家鹑低,除10∶00～11∶00外,其余时间段均存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～15∶00与野生日本鸣鹑存在显著差异(P<0.05);在14∶00～16∶00杂交F1代有显著差异(P<0.05);②杂交F2代鹌鹑打斗行为除16∶00～17∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代无显著差异;③杂交F2代鹌鹑交配行为除16∶00～18∶00外与家鹑及杂交F1代均有显著差异(P<0.05)。     

Isolation,Characterization, and Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Japanese Quail and their Environment

Escherichia coli isolates were cultured from diseased Japanese quail and their environment. Of 31 E. coli isolates, 11 were cultured from heart blood of dead Japanese quail and 20 were from dead-in-shell embryos, fluff samples, and footbath and drinking water samples. All E. coli isolates were moderately positive on the Congo red binder test and 14 out of 31 isolates produced hemolysis on sheep blood agar. Twenty-seven isolates were grouped under serogroups O₄, O₉, O₃₈, O₄₂, and O₈₈, whereas 4 isolates could not be typed. Of the E. coli isolates cultured from Japanese quail infected with colibacillosis, 54.5% belonged to serogroup O₉ and the same serotype was predominant in the hatchery environment. All the E. coli isolates showed high resistance to multiple drugs with 100% resistance observed against ampicillin/cloxacillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole. The highest sensitivity was observed against nitrofurantoin. This study shows that hatchery hygiene should be improved to control colibacillosis and reduce production losses. At the same time, indiscriminate use of antibiotics should be avoided as it increases the risk of development of drug-resistant strains of bacteria.     

日本农协发展的新动向——基于对鸟取县的实际调查

侧重于日本农业协同组合的组织体制改革和农业协同组合所举办事业的新动向进行了研究探讨。伴随着农协的改革发展,农协这一农业合作组织的地方特色也越来越显现出来,以日本鸟取县的调查为依据进行了分析,并以鸟取中央农协东乡梨选果场为个例,对农协事业进行了研究。