黄海南部不同体长鳀对食物粒级的选择

基于2000年6月和2014年11月黄海南部采集的浮游动物和不同生长阶段鳀(Engraulis japonicus)的胃含物(饵料)组成分析资料,研究鳀的饵料粒级分布与摄食粒级选择性及其与环境生物组成的关系,旨在推进粒级在传统摄食生态分析中的应用。结果显示:黄海南部鳀的饵料种类组成与环境中生物种类组成有关;各体长组中,鳀的饵料粒级多样性与种类多样性分布趋势相似;体长为110 mm左右的鳀的饵料种类多样性和粒级多样性水平最高;鳀的饵料粒级均值随鱼体体长增加而增加;体长约为30 mm和≥70 mm的鳀有明显的饵料粒级转换。根据上述结果,认为在鳀胃含物分析过程中,整合环境中饵料生物的相对组成和粒级大小,可有效评价鱼类对饵料的粒级选择性。     

Changes in vasotocin immunoreactivity of paraventricular nuclei and adrenal function of Japanese quail in relation to different phases of sexual development

In relevance to osmoregulatory and reproductive functions, activity of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons may also vary seasonally. The current study was performed to determine annual changes in ir-AVT neurons of hypothalamus and adrenal gland function. We examined changes in ir-AVT neuron by immunohistochemical method and plasma testosterone was measured by enzyme immunoassay. The steroidogenic interrenal activity was studied by histological and biochemical methods. Birds were sampled in February (quiescent), April (recrudescent), June (breeding) and November (regressive). A significant and gradual increase in the number of ir-AVT neurons was observed from quiescent to breeding phase which decreased during regressive phase of annual gonadal cycle. The gradual increase in ir-AVT neurons along with annual gonadal activity of quail were accompanied by increase in plasma levels of testosterone. These results indicate a functional interaction between sex steroid and AVT synthesizing neurons. Adrenal activity (as judged by weight, ascorbic acid content, cortical cord width and cortico-medullary ratio) was also maximum during breeding phase. It is thus postulated that domesticated quail when exposed to natural day length (NDL), exhibits seasonal/annual cyclicity in vastocinergic activity and adrenal function which may be due to difference in sex steroid hormone.     

日本落叶松、杂种落叶松嫩枝全光喷雾扦插的研究

利用日本落叶松优树子代2.5年生的幼树、50.5年生优树及9.5年生杂种落叶松优良个体做为采条母树,以河沙、锯末、蛭石为基质,借用长臂旋转扫描喷雾装置,在全光喷雾条件下,扦插半木质化的嫩枝获得成功。2.5年生幼树条扦插生根率达95％以上(6月20日扦插),17个9.5年生杂种落叶松优株条扦插(7月20日),平均生根率,河沙基质为74.31％,锯末基质为68.60％,蛭石基质为51.90％,生根率最高的系达到96.20％,生根率超过70％以上的系占41.18％。扦插基质对生根的影响作用,以河沙为最好。50.5年生的成龄母树条扦插,幼化的干萌条和嫁接后的幼树条扦插,都比没有经过幼化处理的插穗提高生根率。生根素IBA、ABT处理2.5年生幼树条,7月20日扦插,对生根速度有作用,生根素浓度,50ppm比100ppm好,处理50.5年生成龄母树条100ppm比50ppm好。     

Sorption of Cr(VI) on the wood of Japanese larch treated with concentrated sulfuric acid

A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible, owing to strong interaction of HCrO ₄ ⁻ with the active sites of the sorbent.     

日本落叶松人工林重茬林地土壤养分含量变化及其对林木生长的影响

日本落叶松人工林重茬林地土壤养分含量变化及其对林木生长的影响＊孙翠玲郭玉文郭泉水关键词日本落叶松人工林重茬地力衰退日本落叶松（Ｌａｒｉｘｋａｅｍｐｆｅｒｉ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｃａｒ．）生长快，适应性强，是北方重要的速生造林树种。我国落叶松人工林栽培面积已达...     

麦田雀麦发生动态及其对小麦产量的影响

雀麦(Bromus japonicus)是一种越冬性一年生杂草,是我国北方冬小麦田发生最严重的禾本科杂草之一,对小麦造成严重减产。为明确雀麦在我国冬小麦田的田间发生动态规律,于2013-2015年在山东省泰安市雀麦发生严重的冬小麦田进行相关试验。采用固定样方和随机样方取样的方法,研究冬小麦田雀麦的出苗规律及其在田间的消长动态,同时研究不同密度雀麦对小麦产量的影响。结果表明,小麦播种后7~30 d为雀麦的出苗高峰期,至12月上旬出苗量占总出苗总量的85.3%。11月中旬,雀麦开始分蘖,平均分蘖数为4.8个/株,比小麦多1.3个/株。3月下旬雀麦生长速度加快,4月下旬平均株高超过小麦,5月中下旬平均株高达到115.0 cm,高出同期小麦24.1 cm。5月中旬,雀麦与小麦单株平均鲜重趋于稳定,分别为17.24、37.72 g。雀麦与小麦在株高、鲜重等方面的变化趋势基本一致,与外界温度的变化密切相关。当雀麦密度为5株/m^2时,小麦产量损失率达5.35%,表明少数雀麦即可对小麦产量造成显著减产;随着雀麦密度的增加,小麦产量快速下降,其对小麦产量的影响主要表现在小麦的有效穗密度上,对小麦的千粒质量与穗粒数则影响较小。当雀麦密度为640株/m^2时,小麦产量损失率为36.81%,小麦穗密度减少35.69%。     

Effects of dietary arginine and lysine levels on growth performance and biochemical parameters of juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of disproportionate levels of dietary arginine and lysine on juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , growth performance and biochemical parameters were evaluated by feeding five test diets, comprising different levels of arginine and lysine, to triplicate groups of juveniles (initial bodyweight 1.85 g) for 40 days. Crystalline amino acids were supplemented to test diets to correspond to the amino acid pattern found in the whole body protein of the Japanese flounder, except for arginine and lysine. After the feeding trials, plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia-N, and liver arginase activity were analysed. Survival, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and apparent protein retention were adversely affected ( P  <   0.05) by the deficiency in dietary arginine or lysine concentrations. An excess of either lysine or arginine in the diet did not depress growth when the diets contained adequate levels of either arginine or lysine, proving that there is no evidence for an arginine–lysine antagonism. Results for plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia, and liver arginase activity also demonstrated that Japanese flounder juveniles are not sensitive to excess dietary levels of lysine and arginine.     

杂交鲍稚鲍"漫爬病"潜在病原菌胞外产物的分析及种类鉴定

从发病的杂交鲍(皱纹盘鲍×盘鲍)稚鲍中共分离27株菌株,并对其分泌胞外产物(包括酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力进行了分析。试验结果表明,具有分泌胞外蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素能力的菌株分别占总菌株数的81.5%(22/27)、74.1%(20/27)、18.5%(5/27)、0%(0/27)、11.1%(3/27)、29.6%(8/27)。其中,1#、14#菌株具有很强的产胞外蛋白酶能力,而明胶酶的最大分泌者为2#、7#、9#、17#菌株,淀粉酶的为11#、14#菌株,磷脂酶的为11#、15#菌株,溶血素的为菌株10#、21#。此外,10#、11#、15#菌株可同时分泌4种胞外产物,而12#、14#、18#、21#、23#、24#菌株可同时分泌3种胞外产物。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,初步确认11株菌为潜在的致病菌:1#、2#、7#、9#、10#、11#、12#、14#、15#、17#、21#。用API条带法对它们进行了种类鉴定,11株菌中巴斯德氏菌和假单胞菌所占的比例分别为45.5%、27.3%。     

日本农副产品加工产业分析及对于我国的启示姜丽 渭南师范学院 陕西渭南714099

本文以日本农副产品加工产品的发展历程为切入点,利用SWOT分析法对日本农副产品加工产业的优势与劣势、机遇与挑战进行了较为深入的分析,并最终根据分析结构提出了部分我国相关产业发展的启迪。