Effects of macro and micro-environmental factors on the species richness of terrestrial tardigrade assemblages in an Iberian mountain environment

Tardigrade communities are affected by micro and macro-environmental conditions but only micro-environmental variables, and altitudinal gradients have been studied. We review previous reports of altitudinal effects and evaluate the influence by interacting macro- (climate, soils, biome, and others) and micro-environmental (vegetation, moss and leaf litter) factors on tardigrade assemblages at the Sierra de Guadarrama mountain range (Iberian Central System Mountains, Spain). Terrestrial tardigrade assemblages were sampled using standard cores to collect leaf litter and mosses growing on rocks. General Linear Models were used to examine relationships between Tardigrada species richness and abundance, and macro- and micro-environmental variables (altitude, habitat characteristics, local habitat structure and dominant leaf litter type, and two bioclimatic classifications). Variation partitioning techniques were used to separate the effects of altitude and habitat variation, and to quantify the independent influences of climate and soil, vegetation structure and dominant type of leaf litter. Altitude shows a unimodal relationship with tardigrade species richness, although its effect independent of habitat variation is negligible. The best predictors for species richness were bioclimatic classifications. Separate and combined effects of macro-environmental gradients (soil and climate), vegetation structure and leaf litter type are important determinants of richness. A model including both macro- and micro-environmental variables explained nearly 60% of tardigrade species richness in micro-scale plots. Abundance was significantly related only to soil composition and leaf litter type. Tardigrade abundance was not explained by macro-environmental gradients analysed here, despite a significant correlation between abundance and richness.     

雷州半岛东南部海域春季大型底栖动物群落特征及其与环境因素的关系

根据2014年3月在雷州半岛东南部海域开展的海洋生态环境调 查数据资料,对该海域大型底栖动物群落特征进行了研究。研究区内共鉴定大型底栖动物39种,其中软体动物所占比例最大,其次为环节动物;彩虹蛤蜊(Mactra iridescens)、棒锥螺(Turritella bacillum)、粗帝汶蛤(Timoclea scabra)、西格织纹螺(Nassarius siguinjorensis)、红明樱蛤(Moerella rutila)和背毛背蚓虫(Notomastus cf. aberans)等6种为主要优势种。平均生物量和丰度分别为251.32 gm-2和 480.0个m-2;其平面分布趋势较为复杂,丰度大致呈现西南部高、东北部低的趋势;可划分为5个分布较为分散且差异明显的群落(R=0.951,P=0.001);各群落的优势种组成差异较大、更替率高。全海域底栖动物多样性水平较高,均匀度、丰富度和多样性指数分别为0.59、2.36和2.35,而各群落的多样性水平均较低。5个群落的ABC曲线均出现不同程度的交叉和重叠,表 明雷州半岛东南部海域底栖动物群落受到明显的扰动,稳定性较差;与环境因素相关分析表明,水动力作用、沉积物中铜(Cu)、铬(Cr)含量以及人为扰动是导致群落结构差异及不稳定的主要因素。     

2015年9月1～2日山东半岛北部强降水过程分析

利用常规天气图、多普勒等效雷达、区域自动气象站等资料,从环流背景、物理量、雷达回波特征等方面对2015年9月1～2日发生在山东半岛北部附近的强降水进行综合分析.结果表明,强降水发生在500 hPa低压中心,700、850 hPa受明显的切变线影响,低压中心周围的风速差较大,产生强烈的气旋性辐合区;半岛北部存在明显的上升运动,上升运动将低层不稳定性向上输送,使对流不稳定性层次增厚,有了形成强降水的动力机制;半岛北部附近存在明显的水汽辐合区,有充足的水汽输送;以上的动力条件和水汽条件是造成强降水的关键.对流不稳定能量不断累积增强,为此次强降水的形成提供了充足的能量;同时,雷达强降水回波也不断生成;特殊的沿海地形影响对这次强降水的形成也起重要作用,同时也造成了降水时空分布不均匀.     

The regeneration status of the endangered Acer opalus subsp. granatense throughout its geographical distribution in the Iberian Peninsula

Acer opalus subsp. granatense is an endemic endangered tree with a wide but fragmented distribution in the Mediterranean mountains. The persistence of its small populations often depends on just a few adults, and consequently is highly vulnerable to factors limiting recruitment. In this paper, we examined the regeneration status of this maple in 16 populations throughout its whole geographical distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Age and size structures were analysed as indicators of the viability of the species. Additionally, we studied the effects of herbivory by ungulates and the role of shrubs as nurse plants in maple regeneration dynamic. Our results show that A. opalus subsp. granatense has active recruitment throughout its range in the Iberian Peninsula. Shrubs served as the main microsites for recruitment, not only for early establishment but also for long-term survival. However, ungulates heavily damaged maple saplings in all locations and microhabitats. A direct consequence of herbivory is the uncoupling of age and size structures, saplings becoming older but not higher, possibly affecting population turnover in the long term. We suggest that the conservation of the small populations of Acer opalus subsp. granatense heavily depends on the control of herbivory pressure throughout the maple distribution area.     

胶东半岛丘陵区冲沟分形特征及其影响因素研究

以胶东半岛丘陵区7个集水区为研究对象,采用SA模型提取研究区冲沟系统,测算各集水区冲沟沟长盒维数,分析沟长分形特征及其与地形参数和土地利用类型间的关系,厘定研究区内冲沟发育演化的特征及规律。结果表明:(1)东部构造活动性强的隆起区分维值明显高于西部构造活动性弱的沉积凹陷区,沟长分形特征主要受区域地质构造控制。(2)沟长分维数与平均坡度、地表粗糙度、剖面曲率、沟壑密度和沟头密度等地形参数之间相关性显著,而与集水区面积和沟长没有相关性。(3)沟头密度、沟壑密度与沟长分维数间具有极显著正相关性,相关系数分别为0.982 4,0.975 3,是表征沟谷分形特征的重要参数,可作为估算区域沟谷分形特征和分形维数的简单指标。(4)沟长分维数与集水区内林草地比存在较显著正相关性,与丘陵旱地比具有较显著的负相关性,相关系数分别为0.893和-0.919 8,表明冲沟展布形态特征同地质构造控制下的大的地貌轮廓关系密切,与人类改造地表形成的微地貌关系不大。     

Study onSonneratia apetala productivity in restored forests in Leizhou Peninsula, China

The exoticSonneratia apetala in Leizhou Peninsula, has shown outstanding fast-growing ability in restored mangrove forests, at the middle and high tide intertidal zone, with year-round fresh water input from drainage. By setting plot and selecting standard tree, investigation and measurement on height growth, diameter growth, biomass, productivity, and so on, were made in aS. apetala plantation at age of six at Lanbel, Fucheng, Leizhou Peninsula in May 2001. The investigating results showed that the mean annual height growth of plantation was 2.03 m and mean annual growth of diameter at breast height (DBH) was 2.35 cm. There exists a significant correlation between the diameter at ground surface (DGS) and DBH. The average biomass of a single standard tree in dry weight was 95.647 kg/m². A ratio of above-ground biomass to under-ground biomass was 1.60. The stand biomass of unit area was 22.955 kg/m², singletree wood volume was 88.23 dm³, and the annual wood volume productivity (P _A) of the same year was 0.407. The forest energy accumulation was 424.851 MJ/m², with annual solar energy fixing rate of 40.68×10⁻⁷%. It is concluded thatS. apetala species had characteristics of outstanding high biomass accumulation and could be used as coastal planting tree species in southern China. Foundetion item: The paper was supported by the project of integrated mangrove management and coastal protection (IMMCP) in Leizhou Peninsula, Guangdong Province. Biography: Han Wei-dong (1963-), male, associate professor, in Zhanjiang Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, Guangdong; and presently as postdoctoral researcher in Life Science College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, P.R. China Responsible editor: Zhu Hong.     

Spatial distribution pattern and physical – biological interactions in the larval notothenioid fish assemblages from the Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters

The Bransfield Strait and adjacent waters represent one of the most important areas of larval retention off the Antarctic Peninsula. The species composition of larval fish assemblages has been described in detail in previous surveys carried out in the area, but the role of environmental parameters influencing the spatial distribution of early life stages was poorly known. By applying generalized additive models and multivariate analyses, we evaluated the role of environmental variables in shaping the small‐scale distribution of larval fish and investigated the spatial structure of the larval assemblage. It consisted of a few dominant notothenioid species, such as Champsocephalus gunnari, Lepidonotothen squamifrons, Lepidonotothen larseni, Pleuragramma antarctica and Trematomus scotti, and several other rarely caught species. Sea water temperature, salinity and sampling depth were the most important factors determining the spatial distribution of fish with different relative contributions, together explaining more than 80% of total deviance observed. Species richness was mostly affected by salinity, probably due to the narrow range of salinity preference by the species. Cluster analysis of abundance and presence data identified six and five distinct groups, respectively, each of them with substantial contributions of single or rarely two species. Differences in reproductive strategies of adult populations and spatial distribution of early life stages driven by different larval behaviour in response to environmental factors contribute to maintaining a well‐structured larval fish assemblage, ensuring spatial and food niche partitioning.     

胶东半岛温泉旅游价值与特色

阐述了胶东温泉作为旅游资源的价值,发现胶东温泉特色旅游特色不显著,急待在地域性上寻求突破,把胶东温泉发展成为与海景旅游不同的特色旅游,在景观和文化上,培养和挖掘特色是温泉旅游可持续发展的关键。     

火烧对结缕草种群有性生殖的影响

研究火烧和未烧样地结缕草(Zoysia japonica)种群的有性生殖数量特征。结果表明:火烧极显著地增加了生殖枝密度,极显著地降低了花序种子数,但对千粒重没有显著影响,种子产量是未烧的1.85倍;火烧并未影响种子质量(千粒重)而是增加了种子数量(粒数)并提高其生育力;火烧未改变有性生殖数量性状(花序种子数,花序长,生殖生长比率,花序种子重和生殖分配)与生殖枝高度间的定量关系。     

中南半岛野火变化特征及其与土壤水分的相互作用

[目的]分析野火变化特征并探讨火点数与不同深度土壤水分的关联性,为评价生态文明建设和人类生产生活提供科学依据。[方法]基于SNPP/ⅦRS卫星火点监测、火烧迹地和SMAP土壤水分等数据,使用统计方法多角度对2016—2021年中南半岛野火变化特征进行分析,探讨不同干湿条件下火点数与0—5 cm和0—100 cm 2个不同深度土壤水分的相互作用。[结果](1)中南半岛火点数和火烧迹地年内主要出现在2—4月,二者在时空分布上具有较高的一致性,多集中在缅甸西部与印度接壤区域、缅甸中部以东和老挝北部。(2)2—4月火点主要出现在林地、灌木地和耕地,而易发生在归一化植被指数(NDVI)为如下3个等级的区域：0.2相似文献