自动电位滴定法快速测定脐橙叶片中氯含量

建立了一种基于自动电位滴定技术的脐橙叶片中氯含量的快速检测方法。该法采用稀硝酸浸提脐橙叶片中氯,然后用自动电位滴定法快速测定溶液中氯含量,并考察了方法的测定条件、精密度和准确度。该方法的检出限为0.6249mg/L,加标回收率为94.85%～102.96%,相对标准偏差小于3.0%,故该法适于脐橙叶片中氯含量的快速分析。     

基于脱氧核酶-等温级联放大耦合的传感体系高灵敏检测水样中铅离子

我们结合等温直链替代反应（SDA）和指数扩增（EXPAR）设计了一种非标记、高灵敏的Pb2+荧光生物传感体系。在 Pb2+存在情况下,底物链被活化的GR-5 DNAzyme快速切割释放引物1。引物1与模板1杂交,并被DNA聚合酶（BSM）延伸形成带限制性内切酶（Nt.BbvCI）的识别序列的双链核苷酸。BSM从Nt.BbvCI切割产生的切口再次延伸形成双链核苷酸,并释放信号G4-DNA片段。G4-DNA片段同时又可以作为模板2的引物,启动指数放大过程,从而释放更多的信号G4-DNA片段。最后,扩增产物G4-DNA与原卟啉锌(ZnPPIX)相互结合从而产生强烈的荧光信号。我们详细优化了多种因素对检测体系的影响,在最优实验条件下,此方法对Pb2+的线性检测范围为 0.1~50 nM,检出限为0.03 nM（S/N=3）,回归方程为 y=288.7x+744.7(y为荧光强度,x为Pb2+浓度)。干扰实验表明,该传感器对Pb2+具有良好的特异性和选择性。该传感体系成功应用于环境水体中 Pb2+含量检测,加标回收率为 94.0%～103.0%。本方法操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高、有较强的抗干扰性能,可用于环境水样中Pb2+的高灵敏检测。     

小麦淀粉的退火改性及其性质表征

【目的】对小麦淀粉进行退火（annealing）处理能够使其发生物理改性,以处理后淀粉的糊化温度（起始温度To、峰温Tp、终止温度Tc）为依据优化退火条件,并研究其颗粒形态与退火的相关性。【方法】利用差示扫描量热法（differential scanning calorimetry,DSC）并结合DPS数据分析软件对小麦淀粉退火过程中的水分含量、退火时间、退火温度3个因子进行优化;采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和激光粒度分析仪（LPA）研究退火处理对小麦淀粉颗粒形貌和大小的影响。【结果】根据DSC测得的热力学参数分析得出小麦淀粉退火的最优条件为：80%水分含量的条件下,45℃退火3 d。退火处理会改变小麦淀粉颗粒的外貌而不破坏其形状,且对A-淀粉的影响较B-淀粉明显,淀粉颗粒粒径也因退火而增大。【结论】经退火处理的小麦淀粉的糊化温度显著高于原淀粉,且淀粉糊化温度范围变窄,同时小麦淀粉颗粒外貌和粒径的变化与退火温度呈正相关。     

不同果蔬Vc含量的比较研究

采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法对北方地区常见的27种水果、蔬菜中所含维生素C的量进行测定。结果表明,所测水果中枣的维生素C含量最高,其次为猕猴桃、山楂、草莓、橙子、葡萄、芒果和菠萝。香蕉、梨和苹果中维生素C含量相对较少。所测蔬菜中辣椒维生素C含量最高,其次为菜花、西兰花和香菜,芹菜茎中维生素C含量相对较少。蔬菜中维生素C含量普遍高于水果中维生素C含量。     

Metabolic phenotyping of mouse mutants in the German Mouse Clinic

The German Mouse Clinic was established as a phenotyping center to provide the scientific community with systematic standardized phenotyping of mouse models from various genetic backgrounds. We found metabolic phenotypes in nine out of 20 mutant lines screened in a primary screen. Based on these findings, the mutants were analyzed in secondary and tertiary screens. Mice of a sample mutant line, isolated from the ENU‐screen at the National Research Center for Environment and Health in Munich, were found to have lower body weight, consume less food, but have higher ratios of metabolized energy per unit body weight compared with their wild‐type littermates. Basal metabolic rate and heat production were simultaneously increased by 16–18%, whereas body fat content was reduced by 11–16%. The combination of various parameters of energy consumption, expenditure and energy storage illustrate the metabolic demands of the sample mutant mouse line and demonstrate the utility of the powerful phenotyping tool used at the German Mouse Clinic.     

SYBR Green I荧光 RT-PCR方法检测禽流感病毒

为建立检测禽流感病毒(AIV)的SYBR Green I荧光RT-PCR方法,根据AIV的M基因保守区的核苷酸序列设计引物。用4株不同亚型的AIV感染MDCK细胞,收集感染6、12、24、48、72 h的病毒。另外采取169份鸡的泄殖腔拭子和咽喉拭子。对上述样品的M基因进行检测,试图建立快速检测AIV的SYBR Green I荧光RT-PCR方法,并与普通RT-PCR方法和传统的病毒滴定方法进行比较。结果表明:此次建立的检测AIV的SYBRGreen I荧光RT-PCR方法能检测到感染MDCK细胞后72 h的AIV,对169份泄殖腔拭子和咽喉拭子中的AIV检出率为5.33%(9/169),而普通RT-PCR方法检出率为6.51%(11/169),病毒滴定检出率为5.62(9/160)。对其他病毒(NDVI、BDVI、BV、VA)则未检测到,且整个检测过程只需4 h,表明该方法特异、准确、快速。     

离子交换及络合滴定测定茶叶中钙的含量

以离子交换及络合滴定快速测定茶叶中钙的含量,其方法具有操作简便、专一性强、准确度高及结果可靠等优点,符合分析测试要求.     

锦州市自来水硬度特点及净化对策研究

通过表征锦州自来水,阐述了锦州自来水的特点,主要是高硬度特性,同时为了得到精确数值,采用EDTA络合滴定的方法进行了测定 ,得到总硬度数值为368.4,并采用煮沸法得到了锦州城市自来水的暂时硬度和永久硬度 ,分别为61.2和307.2.通过对数据分析,永久硬度所占比重大,提出了为去除永久硬度,建议采用离子交换吸附法去除.     

Determination of the net energy content of canola meal from Brassica napus yellow and Brassica juncea yellow fed to growing pigs using indirect calorimetry

The net energy (NE) content of canola meals (CM; i.e. Brassica napus yellow and Brassica juncea yellow) in growing pigs was determined using an indirect calorimetry chamber or published prediction equations. The study was conducted as a completely randomized design (n = 6), with (i) a basal diet and (ii) 2 diets containing 700 g/kg of the basal diet and 300 g/kg of either of the two varieties of CM. A total of 18 growing barrows were housed in metabolism crates for the determination of digestible (DE) and metabolizable (ME) energy. Thereafter, pigs were transferred to the indirect calorimetry chamber to determine heat production (HP). The NE contents of diets containing Brassica napus yellow and Brassica juncea yellow determined with the direct determination technique and prediction equations were 9.8 versus 10.3 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 10.2 versus 10.4 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Retained energy (RE) and fasting heat production (FHP) of diets containing Brassica napus yellow and Brassica juncea yellow were 5.5 versus 5.7 MJ/kg and 4.3 versus 4.5 MJ/kg, respectively, when measured with the direct determination technique and prediction equations. The NE contents of Brassica napus yellow and Brassica juncea yellow were determined to be 8.8 and 9.8 MJ/kg DM, respectively, using the direct determination technique.     

规模化沼气工程总挥发酸与碳酸氢盐自动滴定装置

为及时有效地监测和预警厌氧发酵系统的运行稳定性,根据Nordmann滴定法的原理,设计了一种沼气工程厌氧发酵液总挥发酸(VFA)质量浓度和碳酸氢盐(TIC)质量浓度自动滴定装置。本装置以Lab VIEW为平台,可精确测定厌氧发酵液的VFA质量浓度和TIC质量浓度,并能够实现p H计自动标定、自动滴定与补液、生成实时滴定曲线、数据处理与存储等功能。利用该装置对人工配制的混合模拟样品溶液和实际沼气工程的猪粪厌氧发酵液进行滴定试验,结果表明:测定混合模拟样品溶液和实际厌氧发酵液VFA质量浓度和TIC质量浓度的相对标准偏差均在5%以内,结果重复性好,准确度和精密度均比手动滴定法高,可有效避免手动滴定人为误差,提高工作效率,降低劳动强度;装置在连续运行15 h条件下测定结果稳定,运行性能良好,该装置在沼气工程监测和预警方面具有推广价值。