紫外分光光度法测定植物过氧化氢酶活性

为简便快速测定植物过氧化氢酶活性,进行了紫外分光光度法测定植物过氧化氢酶活性的新方法试验。结果表明：本法操作简便,重现好,相对误差小,不需要特殊的试剂和仪器设备,适合于批量分析;利用硫酸阻止和终止酶促反应,既简化了操作,又减少了误差来源;本法的测定结果与高锰酸钾滴定法的结果呈极显著线性相关,是一种值得推广应用的测定植物过氧化氢酶活性的新方法。     

非水滴定法测定食品中糖精钠含量的研究

［目的］ 在非水条件下,建立快速测定食品中糖精钠的方法。［方法］ 以冰乙酸为溶剂,用高氯酸的冰乙酸标准溶液滴定,测定食品中糖精钠的含量。［结果］ 经过反复试验,相对标准误差为0.77%-0.96%,加标回收率达97.1%-100.2%。［结论］ 该方法定量分析准确,精确度高,可靠性和重现性好。     

DSC法研究水分含量对低分子量MUF树脂固化特性的影响

  目的  探究水分含量对低分子量三聚氰胺脲醛（MUF）树脂溶液固化特性的影响,为阐明树脂浸渍材在不同干燥阶段、不同空间层位中的树脂固化特性提供数据支撑。  方法  以实验室自制的MUF树脂溶液为研究对象,将其稀释成20%、30%、40%、50%后进行升温差示扫描量热测试（DSC）,通过外推法消除升温速率对峰顶温度的影响,拟合求解其最佳固化温度,定性阐述水分含量对MUF树脂固化特性的影响,并运用Kissinger微分法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法计算20%、30%、40%、50%树脂溶液固化反应的表观活化能,定量分析水分对树脂固化特性的影响。  结果  随着MUF树脂溶液质量分数的降低,DSC曲线中峰顶温度整体上呈现向高温方向偏移的趋势,但是在升温速率15和20 ℃/min条件下,20%树脂溶液DSC曲线的峰顶温度峰位置向低温区域发生了偏移;通过外推法得到的20%、30%、40%、50% MUF树脂溶液的最佳固化温度分别为93.99、90.71、85.46和79.71 ℃;运用Kissinger微分法计算得到其表观活化能分别为92.94、82.37、65.93和50.68 kJ/mol,其结果与Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法验算结果相近。  结论  整体上,消除升温速率的影响后,水分对树脂固化反应起阻碍作用,并且水分越多,阻碍效应越明显;但在较高升温速率（15和20 ℃/min）条件下,20%MUF树脂溶液的DSC测试结果表明水分促进树脂固化反应,这可能是由分子运动加剧造成的。      

Physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water-washed meat in the presence of the more soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein

We investigated the physicochemical properties of the thermal gel of water‐washed pork meat (WWM) in the presence of the soluble fraction of porcine sarcoplasmic protein (SP) obtained with ammonium sulfate at 75 percent saturation. Two precipitated fractions of SP were obtained at 0–50 percent and 50–75 percent saturation, named SP‐f1 and SP‐f2, respectively, and the soluble fraction obtained at 75 percent saturation, SP‐f3, was used. Sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that SP‐f3 contained mainly glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while SP‐f1 and SP‐f2 had other SPs such as phosphorylase b, enolase, actin and phosphoglycerate mutase. The gel strength of WWM was greater when SP‐f3 rather than one of various animal proteins such as bovine plasma (BP), egg white, or whey protein isolates (WPI), was added and SP‐f3 had a gel‐enhancing effect as good as that of polyphosphate (PP). The gel strength of WWM with added SP‐f3 increased significantly with NaCl at 0.15 mol/L or more, but not in the absence of NaCl (0 mol/L). The effect of SP‐f3 was evident at neutral pH and maximum gel strength was obtained at a pH above 6.0. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis showed that an endothermic peak corresponding to myosin heads in WWM shifted to a lower temperature with the addition of SP‐f3, as in the case of PP, though there was no such shift in the presence of other animal proteins (BP, egg white and WPI), suggesting that SP‐f3 increases the gel strength of WWM through the dissociation of actomyosin similar to PP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed wall‐like structures among the protein strands in the WWM gel matrix in the presence of SP‐f3. The results of DSC and SEM indicated that the formation of a gel network in meat products is reinforced with GAPDH in SP after the interaction between GAPDH and myofibrillar protein.     

甜菜碱含量的测定方法比较

甜菜碱含量的测定方法有很多种,包括酸碱滴定法、紫外分光光度法、高氯酸非水滴定法、离子色谱法等。各种方法均有其优缺点,综合考虑,离子色谱法与非水滴定法的测定结果较好。为比较这两种方法哪种更准确、更方便,设计如下实验。选取5种含量不同的甜菜碱产品,分别用非水滴方法和离子色谱法测定5种产品的甜菜碱含量。实验结果表明,离子色谱法测定的甜菜碱含量与真实值较接近,非水滴定法测定的甜菜碱含量比真实值偏高。     

小鹅瘟病毒荧光RPA恒温快速检测方法的建立与应用

旨在建立一种以重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）为基础的快速检测方法,用于小鹅瘟病毒的快速检测。小鹅瘟是一种常见的水禽传染病,严重危害我国养鹅业的健康发展。为了快速准确对小鹅瘟进行诊断,减少该病的危害,本研究以小鹅瘟病毒VP3基因保守片段为靶点,利用重组酶聚合酶扩增技术（RPA）建立了一种准确高效的小鹅瘟病毒RPA恒温快速检测方法,并对检测方法的灵敏度、特异性进行评价,并与传统PCR和传统RT-PCR方法进行比较。结果表明,该检测方法具有较高的灵敏度,可检测到10 copies/μL的病毒核酸;具有良好的特异性,只特异性地扩增鹅细小病毒,而与鹅副黏病毒、鹅源鸭瘟病毒、小鹅流行性感冒病毒、鹅副伤寒病毒、大肠杆菌和曲霉菌均未发生交叉反应;同时该方法重复性检测的变异系数低于6%,具有很好的重复性。阳性符合试验表明该检测方法与荧光定量PCR符合率为99%。该方法可以很好地应用于小鹅瘟的大规模临床样本检测,为小鹅瘟病毒的高通量检测和流行病学调查提供技术手段。     

硅溶胶-APP复合阻燃剂对辐射松木材阻燃的研究

为了研究硅溶胶和聚磷酸铵（APP）复配后的阻燃性能,真空常压方法下分别用APP、硅溶胶以及两者复配后的阻燃剂浸渍辐射松木材,分析各改性材的增重、增容率以及热解燃烧性能,并用扫描电镜（SEM）分析改性后的残炭形貌。研究结果表明：氧指数由高到低是APP-硅溶胶、APP、硅溶胶和素材;由APP处理和APP-硅溶胶联合处理材的初始分解温度、最大失重率温度均提前,残炭率提高,硅溶胶处理材的初始分解温度和最大失重率与素材相近。经锥形量热测试结果显示：由APP处理和APP-硅溶胶联合处理材的热释放速率峰值分别比素材降低了232.8和150.3 kW·m^-2,总释放热降低29.63和17.98 MJ·m^-2,而由硅溶胶处理的效果不明显。与其他3种试材相比,硅溶胶处理材的COP最低,说明硅溶胶对CO的生成有抑制作用。处理材的火灾蔓延指数（FGI）均比素材降低;扫描电镜显示,经浸渍处理过的残炭结构更加致密,表面更加光滑。结果说明了硅溶胶的加入可以降低CO毒气的生成,APP的加入使木材的阻燃性达到了难燃级。     

Effects of high‐fat and high‐carbohydrate diets on fat and carbohydrate oxidation and plasma metabolites in healthy cats

High‐fat (HF) or high‐carbohydrate (HC) diets (30% fat, 18.9% carbohydrate; HF and 10% fat, 46.3% carbohydrate; HC) and lengths of adaptation were investigated in cats (Felis catus; 10 ± 2 months, 3.6 ± 0.3 kg). Cats randomly received each treatment for 14 days in a crossover design with a 14‐day washout period between each diet. Three 22‐h indirect calorimetry studies were conducted after acute (day 0), semichronic (day 4) and chronic (day 13) dietary exposure. Blood samples were collected after a 24‐h fast on days 1, 5 and 14. When cats consumed the HC and HF diet, oxidation of the restricted nutrient exceeded intake while oxidation of the nutrient in excess matched intake. Mean max energy expenditure (EE) of cats consuming the HF and HC diet were 107 and 102 kcal/kg^0.67/day and occurred at a mean of 4 and 12 h post‐feeding respectively. Maximal fat (0.90 g/h) and carbohydrate (carbohydrate; 1.42 g/h) oxidation were attained at 26 min and 10.4 h post‐feeding respectively. The changes observed in macronutrient oxidation and EE suggest that cats adapt whole‐body nutrient metabolism in response to changes in dietary macronutrient content, but may require longer than 14 day to adapt to a macronutrient that is present at a lower concentration in the diet.     

络合滴定黑荆栲胶中单宁含量的新方法

利用单宁分子结构中酚羟基能与Ｐｂ＾２＋络合的原理，以Ｋ２ＣｒＯ４为指示剂，ＰＡＭ作终点增敏剂，用Ｐｂ＾２＋标准溶液络合滴定黑荆栲胶中单宁的新方法。该法比皮粉法快速、准确。     

Analysis of leaf and needle litter decomposition by differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermogravimetry

Summary Changes in the physicochemical properties of three kinds of litter (Prunus serotina leaves, Carpinus betulus leaves, and Pinus sylvestris needles) were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and differential thermogravimetry after decomposition for 12 to 27 months under field conditions. As expected, holocellulose was always decomposed to a larger extent than the corresponding lignin components, leading to an enrichment of lignin in the residue. These lignins were more or less modified depending on the plant species. Moreover, the results suggest that energy-rich crystalline cellulose accumulates during decomposition at the expense of easier degradable amorphous cellulose and hemicelluloses. The quotient Q, from the corresponding calorimetry and thermogravimetry values, was introduced to estimate the specific energy content as a measure for the decomposition of litter components.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. W. Kühnelt