生物质燃烧副产物制取活性炭的实验研究

由于非可再生资源的有限性的限制,利用可再生资源制取活性炭越来越受到人们的关注。受条件的限制,大部分生物质燃烧副产物不能得到充分利用而造成环境污染。若能充分利用这部分物质制成活性炭不仅可以减轻其对环境的影响,同时也做到了废物资源的再利用,而且会产生巨大的经济、社会效益。文章简要介绍了几种制取活性炭的活化剂及其原理,同时探讨了各种活化剂制取活性炭的产率,并且对各产品活性炭的性能进行了测定,从而选择一种较为适宜的活化剂。     

饲粮碘添加量与家兔肌肉·肝脏中碘蓄积量的相关性探讨

[目的]通过饲喂不同碘添加量的饲粮,探讨饲粮碘添加量与家兔肌肉、肝脏中碘蓄积量的相关性。[方法]选用健康家兔84只,按性别对等原则分成7组。在基础饲粮中分别添加不同剂量的碘,屠宰后测定肌肉和肝脏中的碘含量。[结果]随着饲粮中碘添加量的增加,肌肉和肝脏中的碘含量随之增加。当饲粮中碘添加量为0．2和0．4mg／kg时,试验组肌肉和肝脏中的碘含量比对照组高,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;当饲粮中碘添加量大于0．6ms／kg时,试验组肌肉和肝脏中的碘含量与对照组差异显著（P〈0．05）。[结论]饲粮中碘添加量与家兔肌肉、肝脏中碘的蓄积量呈显著的正相关关系（P〈0．05）。     

紫外-可见分光光度法测定单质碘含量

建立了紫外-可见分光光度法测定单质碘含量的新方法.结果表明,I2在KI水溶液、丙酮、无水乙醇及三氯甲烷中的最大吸收波长（λmax）分别为287.5 nm、363.5 nm、446.5 nm和511.0 nm,且其光吸收特性符合朗伯比尔定律;I2在不同溶剂中贮液吸光度的稳定性大小依次为：三氯甲烷=无水乙醇〉KI水溶液〉丙酮;加入适量盐酸能显著提高丙酮溶液中I2的吸光度和贮液稳定性,当CHCl=2.88×10-5mol/L时,其分析灵敏度εmax可提高32.2%;在所选用的4种溶剂中,I2的平均回收率均达99.3%以上,相对标准误差均小于1.0%,检出限在9×10-7～4×10-6mol/L之间,虽然εmax存在差异,但其回收率、灵敏度和准确度均能满足微量组分分析的要求.     

Effects of the Glucosinolate Sinigrin in Combination With a Noniodine Supplemented Diet on Serum Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Nonpregnant Mares

Exposure to plants containing glucosinolates (GSLs) affects thyroid function in many species, in horses is implicated in the birth of foals with congenital hypothyroidism. The present study was performed to determine the effect of feeding a GSL (sinigrin) in combination with a low-iodine diet for 12 weeks on thyroid hormones and serum iodine concentrations in nonpregnant mares. Nineteen mares aged 2–14 years were divided into control (n = 6), low (20 mmol/day) (n = 7) and high GSL (35 mmol/day) (n = 6) groups. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests and serum iodine measurements were performed at 0 and 12 weeks. Total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were measured at the baseline and in post-TRH samples. The post-TRH value minus the basal value (Delta Δ) and fold change (FC) were calculated for TSH, TT3, and TT4. Data were analyzed at P < .05. Highlights included Delta Δ and FC TT4 and TT3 concentrations having a group and week interaction (P < .001) with week 12 control mares having higher values than mares in week 12 low and high GSL groups. TT4 FC values had a group (P < .001) and group by week interaction (P < .001) with week 12 control concentrations higher (P < .006) than all groups. Iodine concentrations decreased (P < .002) over time in GSL mares. In conclusion, feeding mares a low-iodine diet with 20 and 35 mmol sinigrin/day resulted in lower serum iodine concentrations.     

四种抗菌促长药物在团头鲂饲料中适宜添加量的初步研究

用正交法设计了九种不同配方的团头鲂鱼种饲料。饲养结果表明,团头鲂鱼种配合饲料中磺胺二甲嘧啶的适宜添加量为50×10-6,黄霉素为2×10-6,碘化酪蛋白为20×10-6,痢特灵为100×10-6。     

糯小麦快速选育及糯性亚基纯合速度对选择的响应

为创建糯小麦快速育种程序,进而培育出优质糯小麦新品种,选用4份糯性亲本材料和6份非糯性亲本材料进行杂交,并对分离后代进行早代籽粒碘染、乳熟期田间单株籽粒碘染选择、农艺性状选择、多重PCR分子标记检测和淀粉糊化特性测定。结果显示,糯性亲本作母本或父本,F₀代杂交籽粒均为非糯;大部分杂交组合F₁代自交籽粒中糯性籽粒的出现频率符合1/64的分离比例;非糯性材料作父本的三交组合F₁代自交分离后,糯性籽粒的出现频率符合1/512的分离比例。13个组合中,5个组合的糯粒比例达到100%,7个组合的糯粒比例超过98%,而没有经过籽粒碘染筛选的3个组合的糯粒比例仅为0.79%～6.10%,说明糯性亚基纯合速度对选择可做出快速响应,经过1代籽粒糯性筛选,糯性遗传即可稳定。中选单株均具有糯性小麦典型的RVA图谱,糯小麦面粉的低谷黏度、最终黏度、回生值和峰值时间较非糯小麦面粉显著降低,而峰值黏度、稀懈值和糊化温度在糯小麦和非糯小麦之间差异不显著。对经过2代籽粒糯性筛选的13个杂交组合共410份单株材料进行多重PCR检测,发现全糯质小麦398株...     

蔬菜对外源碘的吸收和积累特性及其机理研究进展

碘是人体不可缺少的营养元素,植物性食品是人体摄取碘的重要途径之一。主要对前人在碘的农业效应、蔬菜对外源碘的吸收和积累特性及其机理方面的研究进展状况作了简要综述,并对今后开发功能性蔬菜食品的研究方向进行了展望。     

Studies on the Free Radicals and Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Cattle with Iodine and Selenium Deficicncy

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Wound care antiseptics - performance differences against Staphylococcus aureus in biofilm

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is commonly isolated from infected wounds both in animals and humans. It is known to be an excellent biofilm former and biofilms are present in as many as 60% of chronic wounds. Despite that the presence of biofilms in infections are common, antiseptics are usually qualified for in vivo testing according to their effect on planktonic cells. As it is well known that bacteria in biofilms are more tolerant to antiseptics than planktonic bacteria, biofilm infections can be difficult to treat. The aim of the study was to compare three different categories of antiseptics, biguanide (chlorhexidine), quaternary ammonium compound (QAC; Pyrisept) and iodine/iodophores (2% iodine liniment), with regards to efficacy in killing S. aureus in biofilm. If there was observed a difference in efficacy between these antiseptics, a second aim was to find the most effective of the three antiseptics.

Results

Large differences in the bactericidal effect of the different antiseptics against S. aureus in biofilm were observed in the present study. Iodine treatment was found to be the most effective followed by Pyrisept and chlorhexidine.

Conclusions

The bactericidal effect of the different antiseptics used in the present study was found to vary significantly against S. aureus in biofilm. The present study gives valuable knowledge with regards to selecting the antiseptics that are most likely to be successful in treating biofilm infected wounds. This study also contributes to focus attention on the importance of qualifying antiseptics based on results using biofilm bacteria rather than planktonic bacteria.     

甘肃凹凸棒矿石伴生碘含量测定及应用初探

用碘量法测定甘肃凹凸棒矿石中伴生碘含量.同时对含碘凹凸棒矿石在饲料添加剂、农作物生长、食品脱色剂、果蔬采后保鲜、食品中黄曲霉毒素去除等领域的应用作了初步探讨.