Effect of iodine supplementation on thyroid and testicular morphology and function in euthyroid rats

Seventy-five male weaner euthyroid rats, randomly divided into three equal groups were used to evaluate the effect of iodine supplementation in the diet on growth and spermatogenesis. From the age of six weeks, the rat groups were fed normal diet containing 0.05 mg iodine/Kg diet (A); normal diet supplemented with 0.5 mg/Kg iodine (B) and normal diet supplemented with 3.0 mg/Kg iodine for a period of 90 days. Thereafter, all three groups were fed the normal diet for another 60 days. Body weight and feed consumption were determined; morphomeric studies of thyroid glands, testes and epididymes were carried out. Spermatogenesis was evaluated with epididymal (ESC) and testicular sperm counts (TSC). Increasing iodine intake significantly (p < 0.05) decreased mean body weight from day 30 of supplementation. Iodine supplementation influenced feed conversion ratio and efficiency in feed utilization in an inconsistent pattern. Supplementation did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter the size of thyroid glands, but increased the mean weights of the testes and epididymes to levels significantly (p < 0.05) higher than values for non-supplemented rats at specific stages of the study, especially at the highest (3 ppm) level of iodine supplementation. However, supplementation resulted generally in lower sperm counts, which was significant (p < 0.05) in the case of the epididymes. The results of the study show that iodine supplementation to weaner, non-iodine deficient euthyroid rats at 3ppm not only retard weight gain but could also reduce fertility by lowering epididymal sperm counts.     

强化板·中密板和刨花板甲醛释放量与测定方法的关系

[目的]不同人造板类型不同测定方法间的甲醛量比较,可科学地评价不同方法间的相关性和特殊性,筛选快捷、简便的甲醛释放量测定方法。[方法]采用厂家样品送检和定期进厂抽检相结合的办法,收集有关厂家的强化板、中密板和刨花板样品,持续3年。[结果]碘量法对省内强化板、中密板和刨花板生产厂家产品持续3年的抽检表明平均甲醛含量变化趋势为中密板>强化板>刨花板,相应值为260.2和199.01、38.6 mg/kg。刨花板全部产品符合E1或E2限量标志,中密板部分产品符合E2限量标志、部分产品超标,强化板部分产品符合E1、E2限量标志,部分产品超标。不同人造板甲醛含量在厂家间的差异性不显著。中密板和刨花板的光度法甲醛含量大于碘量法、大干燥器法甲醛释放量高于小干燥器法,强化板的变化趋势相反。碘量法和光度法所测定甲醛含量在强化板、中密板和刨花板间的直线相关性均达极显著水平,大干燥器和小干燥器法在中密板和刨花板间的直线相关性达显著水平、在强化板间的直线相关性不显著。不同类型人造板甲醛含量和释放量间存在对数关系,中密板的相关性显著、强化板和刨花板部分方法间的相关性达显著水平。[结论]为人造板甲醛量不同测定方法值间的转化提供了依据。     

碘盐对杜氏盐藻生长和品质的影响

[目的]研究碘对杜氏盐藻生长及品质的影响。[方法]用不同浓度的KI、KIO3处理杜氏盐藻,检测叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白、β-胡萝卜素、内源碘含量以及藻干重的变化。[结果]0.5～5.0 g/L的KI均抑制杜氏盐藻的生长,0.5～5.0 g/L的KIO3不同程度地提高了杜氏盐藻中叶绿素a及可溶性蛋白的含量,增加了藻的干重。其中0.5 g/L的KIO3效果最明显,使叶绿素a和藻干重分别提高65%和42%。另外,KIO3处理也使藻细胞中β-胡萝卜素和碘的含量增高,0.5 g/L KIO3使β-胡萝卜素和碘的含量分别提高48%和430%。[结论]KI抑制杜氏盐藻的生长,KIO3不但能刺激杜氏盐藻的生长还能提高其内活性物质的含量。     

山茶油与常见食用油的理化指标分析比较研究

[目的]分析比较山茶油与几种常见食用油的理化指标。[方法]采用国标检测方法,对不同来源、不同产地的木本食用植物油——山茶油的酸值、碘值、皂化值、过氧化值4个理化指标进行了检测分析,并与几种常见的食用油进行了比较分析。[结果]试验表明,山茶油具有比其他常见食用油更易储藏、对人体健康更有益等特点,相对而言,浙江所产的山茶油品质较好。[结论]研究可使消费者能够更清楚地认识到山茶油的营养价值和可利用价值,为进一步开拓山茶油市场打下基础。     

Seasonal shifts in bacteria associated with Jersey cows on a small dairy farm and the potential for bedding choice and low levels of iodine use to inhibit mastitic pathogens

Milk products from small dairies are increasingly in demand, as access to pasture provides benefits to the cow, consumer, and environment. The productivity and profitability of small dairy farms particularly rely on the prevention of infectious diseases. Cattle on seasonal grazing dairies live primarily outdoors until inclement weather warrants relocation indoors. While shifts in the amounts of bacteria associated with livestock may be expected from this transition, potentially increasing risks for infectious diseases, changes in bacteria levels on cows relocated to indoor facilities have not been well-studied. In addition, the optimal use of bedding materials and iodine are critical in bovine infectious diseases prevention. However, the antibacterial potential of bedding material with high polyphenol content or low concentrations of iodine, are poorly understood. Cow teats were swabbed and total bacteria and coliform counts, as well as extracellular enzyme activities (EEA) were utilized to assess shifts in bacterial levels on cows at pasture and then housed indoors. To test the antibacterial efficacy of bedding materials, as well as low concentrations of povidone-iodine, growth curves with laboratory strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as S. aureus isolated from a dairy farm, were performed with three concentrations of red cedar shavings or iodine. Post hoc multiple comparisons indicated that total bacteria, coliform, and β-galactosidase activities were significantly greater among cows housed indoors compared to bacterial samples from cows at pasture. Laboratory strains of S. aureus, but not K. pneumoniae, were significantly inhibited by moderate and high treatments of red cedar shavings, while S. aureus isolated from a dairy were inhibited by the high treatment only. All low iodine concentrations significantly inhibited each bacterial strain investigated. These results may help optimize strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases of bovine udders critical to the productivity and profitability of small dairies.     

A Field Study of Serum,Colostrum, Milk Iodine,and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Postpartum Draft Mares and Foals

Iodine, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are required for normal fetal growth, maturation, and neonatal survival. There is a lack of robust information on iodine levels found in colostrum, milk, and serum of mares and foals after a healthy pregnancy. Our objective was to characterize colostrum, milk, and serum iodine levels in healthy postpartum mares and foals (n = 10) and explore relationships with thyroid hormone concentrations. Colostrum, milk, and jugular blood samples from draft breed mares and foals with an estimated average iodine daily intake of 39 mg per mare during pregnancy were obtained at Day 0 (foaling date) and/or 10 days later. Parameters studied were (1) mare basal concentrations of serum: TT3, TT4, and iodine; (2) iodine in colostrum at Day 0 and milk iodine (Day 10); and (3) foal basal: TT3, TT4, and serum iodine (Days 0 and 10). Median ± median error colostrum iodine levels (165 ± 15.1 μg/L) were higher than milk (48 ± 5.6 μg/L; P = .007) levels. Median ± median error foal serum iodine (268.5 ± 7.6 μg/L), TT4 (1,225 ± 47.8 nmol/L), and TT3 (14.2 ± 1.1 nmol/L) at foaling date were higher than at 10 days (serum iodine: 70 ± 3.6 μg/L; TT4: 69.6. ± 20.4 nmol/L; and TT3: 5.4 ± 0.3 nmol/L). In conclusion, equine mammary tissue concentrates iodine beyond plasma levels, making colostrum and milk a significant source of iodine. Foal serum iodine levels are high in the neonatal period and are positively correlated with TT4, which is important for neonatal adaptation.     

低丘缓坡地雨水的集蓄利用对微量元素碘的影响

在模拟条件下,通过淋溶试验研究土壤碘的环境地球化学迁移特征,并用缓坡地节水灌溉系统的集成技术,在低丘缓坡地收集雨水,通过在植物周围建立微型集水区,从而把雨水中的微量碘返回土壤,供植物生长发育之需。结果表明,用收集到的蓄积水浇灌土壤,不但可以充分有效地利用自然降水,提高缓坡地的生产力,还可以进一步避免土壤中的微量元素碘被雨水淋溶损失,从而为农作物生长提供更充足的碘元素。     

响应面法优化生产高不饱和脂肪酸大豆油脂

根据Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法,建立了生产高不饱和脂肪酸大豆油脂的二次多项数学模型,并以产出大豆油脂的碘值为响应值做响应面和等高线,考察了结晶时间、结晶温度、回调时间和回调温度对不饱和脂肪酸含量的影响。通过自制的油脂结晶器,制得富含高不饱和脂肪酸的大豆油脂。得出最佳工艺参数为:降温速度5℃/h,结晶温度-15℃,结晶时间24h,搅拌速度20rpm。利用温度回调至-5℃的方法,使所得油脂产品高不饱和脂肪酸含量达到86.41%。     

土壤中碘的来源和分布及影响因素

阐述了土壤中碘的主要来源及分布,并分析了影响碘在土壤中迁移转化的因素。