成都市建成区形态动态演变及驱动机制研究

城市形态反映城市功能结构特征,对研究城市演变具有重要作用。通过1978、1988、1997和2009年的四期遥感图像,解译成都市主城区和邻近郊县的边界,求取长轴、短轴、周长、面积、延伸率、形状比和紧凑度等指标。结果表明:1978～2009年,城区面积年均增长7.49%;长轴的主体方位为东北—西南方向,短轴的主体方向为近东西向;城区重心围绕天府广场运动,表现出向西南方向转移的趋势;城区延伸率先降后升,形状比先升后降,紧凑度持续升高,城市发展由量变转向质变。城市形态受到自然和政治经济文化等多种要素的综合驱动,由圆形扩张转变为点轴发展模式,主城区与周边区县实现了空间融合。     

中国东西部中小城市景观格局及其驱动力

中小城市的数量及其所承载的城市人口迅速增加是当今和将来全球城市化的最为显著的特征之一.因此,对中小城市的发展规律及其城市化带来的生态和环境影响的研究日趋重要.然而,迄今为止的大多数有关城市化的研究聚焦于大型城市.通过对长三角地区和新疆地区24个中小城市的景观格局分析,结合人口经济数据,探究这两个地区总体城市景观格局的变化,城市间景观格局变化的变异性,以及城市景观格局变化的驱动力,并在此基础之上进行两地区间的对比分析.结果表明,1986年至2000年15a间,长三角地区和新疆地区中小城市的总体景观格局变化基本相似,景观的破碎化程度均不断上升,斑块形状更趋于不规则,景观多样性呈小幅增加;长三角地区中小城市间景观格局变异性下降,而新疆地区中小城市间景观格局变异性上升.长三角地区中小城市景观格局变化的驱动力主要是人口的增加和流动所导致的城市景观变化,新疆地区则为人口的增加和流动所导致的耕地景观面积增加.研究结果有助于解决我国中小城市急速发展所带来的一些生态和环境问题,以及通过土地利用规划来改善我国中小城市的可持续发展.     

Dual RNA-seq技术及其在宿主-病原体相互作用中的研究进展

利用转录组测序技术(RNA-sequencing, RNA-seq)进行转录组分析是了解病原体入侵宿主分子变化的重要工具,在同时分析病原体与宿主转录组时,RNA-seq技术需要分别构建病原体及宿主的cDNA文库,再将其各自映射到病原体及宿主参考基因组中,而互作转录组测序技术(Dual RNA-seq)无需分离两物种,只需构建一个转录组文库,便能同时对两个(或多个)研究对象进行测序和分析,可以直观地揭示病原体和宿主相互作用过程中转录组学动态变化,因此Dual RNA-seq技术被广泛应用到人类疾病和生物感染模型的相互作用研究中。为了解Dual RNA-seq技术及其在宿主-病原体相互作用研究中的前景,就Dual RNA-seq技术概述以及近年来该技术在原核生物、真核生物以及病毒研究中的应用现状及发展前景进行综述。Dual RNA-seq技术可为病原体与宿主相互作用的研究提供新视角,有助于更好地识别和理解感染过程中病原体和宿主的转录组学变化,从而揭示潜在的新靶点或生物标记物。     

Effects of vegetable oil supplementation on feed intake,rumen fermentation,growth performance,and carcass characteristic of growing swamp buffaloes

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5 ± 9.5 kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16 g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1 = unsupplemented, T2 = supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3 = supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150 g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were decreased as vegetable oils were supplemented. Oil supplementation slightly reduced growth rate, hot carcass percentage, loin eye area particularly on sunflower oil supplemented group. Based on these findings, vegetable oil resulted in decreased performance of swamp buffaloes although the combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil could reduce negative effect of unsaturated oil supplementation. However, further analyses of conjugated fatty acids (CLA) in meat could offer useful information in determining pronounced effects of vegetable oil supplementation.     

Force plate analysis before and after dorsal decompression for treatment of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis in dogs

OBJECTIVE: Using force plate analysis (FPA), determine ground reaction forces in dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLS) and evaluate the effects of lumbosacral decompressive surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. ANIMALS: Twelve dogs with DLS. METHODS: DLS was diagnosed by clinical signs, radiography, computed tomography, and/or magnetic resonance imaging. FPA was performed before surgery, and 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The mean peak braking (Fy+), peak propulsive (Fy-), and peak vertical (Fz+) forces of 8 consecutive strides were determined. The ratio between the total Fy- of the pelvic limbs and the total Fy- of the thoracic limbs (P/TFy-), reflecting the distribution of Fy-, was analyzed to evaluate any changes in locomotion pattern postoperatively. Ground reaction force data for DLS dogs were compared with data derived from 24 healthy dogs (control). RESULTS: In dogs with DLS, the propulsive forces (Fy-) of the pelvic limbs were significantly smaller than those of controls. P/TFy- was significantly smaller in dogs with DLS than in control dogs, and increased during the follow-up period, reaching normal values 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Cauda equina compression in dogs with DLS decreases the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs and surgical treatment restores the propulsive force of the pelvic limbs in a 6-month period. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In dogs with DLS, FPA is an effective method in evaluating the response to surgical treatment. Normal propulsive force in the pelvic limbs was restored during 6 months after decompressive surgery.     

棉秆拔取力测量装置的研究

棉花秸秆收获机械的设计需要拔取力等基础力学特性参数作为依据.以影响拔取力的重要因素-拔取角度为主,研制了拔取角度可调的手动棉花秸秆拔取力测量装置,该装置采用智能显示仪拉力传感器,可测量最大拔取力并记录拔取力的变化情况.经试验验证,该装置设计合理,操作简便,使用可靠,可以作为棉花秸秆收获机械的研发和棉花秸秆拔取力基础研究...     

甘蔗茎秆切割力的计算

利用弹性理论,采用双梁模型对甘蔗茎秆材料的切割进行了理论建模,并得出了蔗材切割力的理论计算公式。以单向复合材料为甘蔗茎秆的材料模型,分析了影响切割力的因素,建立了甘蔗材料单位切割力的经验公式。通过对甘蔗切割力试验数据的分析,得出本文试验条件下的甘蔗茎秆切割力经验公式,并通过试验对该经验公式进行了验证。     

以提高农民收入,发展农村经济为目标推进农业机械化进程--兼与广大读者共贺新年

农业机械化在我国农业现代化建设中的重要作用使之成为农业现代化的重要内容和主要标志．还没有其它任何一项农业新技术能在农业生产所有领域中被普遍应用，并产生强效地促进作用。提高农民收入、发展农村经济成为农业机械化新时期的重要任务之一，建设现代农业对2004年农业机械化上作提出了新的要求。     

螺旋离心式诱导轮对旋流泵力学特性的影响

为了优化旋流泵输送含复杂介质、固相颗粒流体的能力和提高固液两相流输送效率,在叶轮前加置具有导向和推进作用的螺旋离心式诱导轮.通过对150WX-200-20型旋流泵进行数值计算及试验,获得了有、无诱导轮式旋流泵的性能变化,在此基础上,将旋流泵的力学特性与流动特性结合起来,分析螺旋离心式诱导轮对旋流泵力学特性的影响.研究结果表明,无叶腔内流体在诱导轮作用下,流体的运动形态发生变化,产生了旋涡、二次流等现象,加剧了压力脉动的强度,但压力脉动幅值有减小的趋势;蜗壳内压力脉动强度不仅与监测点和隔舌的相对位置有关,也和监测点所在流面的截面面积存在一定联系,当监测点所在断面面积既能保证流体受蜗壳的约束,且流体流动更加均匀时,该监测点的压力脉动越小;加置诱导轮后,进入叶轮流体由轴向运动转为径向运动,从而削弱轴向力的大小,同时,单叶片诱导轮非对称结构也会加剧波动变化.这一研究对了解旋流泵内的压力脉动变化、削弱轴向力及提高泵运行的稳定性具有重要意义.     

叶片开缝对单叶片泵径向力的影响

为了改善单叶片泵的运行特性,降低径向受力不均匀性,采用数值计算与试验相结合的方法分析了单叶片离心泵径向力的动态特性.研究了3个不同流量工况(0.6Q_d,1.0Q_d和1.4Q_d)下径向力的变化规律,结果表明,单叶片离心泵叶轮叶片工作面与背面所受压差是径向力产生的主要原因,并在小流量工况下径向力达到最值.通过对试验与数值模拟结果的分析对比,提出了平衡单叶片泵径向力的新方法-叶片开缝,并在叶片包角方向上选取3个不同位置(0°,90°和270°)布置宽度为1.0 mm的缝隙,分析了不同开缝位置对径向力及泵外特性的影响情况.结果表明:当在叶片尾缘开缝时,对泵的外特性影响较小,并可以较大降低单叶片离心泵叶片工作面和背面的压差,减小叶轮径向受力情况,提高单叶片泵的可靠性和使用寿命.