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851.
褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:16
通过14年长期定位试验研究了褐潮土不同施肥制度对土壤生产功能、产量可持续性指数及农学效率的影响。结果表明,N、P为褐潮土作物高产的主要限制因子,14年产量平均,NPK比CK、N、NK、PK分别增产459%、386%、280%、205%(小麦)和154%、108%、87%、78%(玉米);NPK+M(NPK配施厩肥)比NPK平均增产12%,NPK+S(NPK加秸秆)与NPK产量相当。NPK及NPK配施有机肥(包括厩肥和秸秆)处理的小麦、玉米产量可持续性指数高于N、P不均衡施用处理。化肥肥效因作物种类、施肥组合而不同,N肥单施时小麦和玉米N的农学效率降低,而NPK配施时N的农学效率有上升趋势,平均分别为16 kg/kg N(小麦)和14 kg/kg N(玉米);磷肥肥效具有短期的叠加效应,P的农学效率小麦大于玉米,种植10年后P的农学效率最高可达最初的4.5~7倍;K的农学效率在试验进行十年后NK处理平均为负值,同期NPK处理中小麦K的农学效率却急剧增加,K成为作物高产的限制因素;有机肥对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为21 kg/t和25 kg/t,秸秆对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为负值和37 kg/t。NPK均衡施肥能提高土壤有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等肥力指标;NPK配施有机肥能加快土壤有机质和N、P、K养分的积累;NPK不均衡施肥导致土壤中此种营养元素的耗竭。 相似文献
852.
CA贮藏对新鲜石刁柏的影响 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
用9种不同的CA条件与低温空气贮藏进行比较,结果证明用CA贮藏法进行石刁柏的贮藏保鲜是可行的。在设定的10个试验区中,当O_2浓度保持在21%的前提下,适当提高CO_2的浓度可提高贮藏效果。以21%O_2,30%CO:_2的贮藏条件保鲜效果较好。当CO_2浓度为0%时,O_2的浓度在1~0%之间保鲜效果最好。在10个试验区中,以空气条件下贮藏效果最差。 相似文献
853.
854.
Barley yellow mosaic disease is caused by several viruses, i.e. barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), barley mild mosaic virus (BaMMV) and BaYMV-2. The reaction of different barley germplasms to the barley mosaic viruses was studied in field and greenhouse experiments. The results show a complex situation; some varieties are resistant to all the viruses, while others are resistant to one or two of them only. Crosses between different barley germplasms were earned out in order to test whether genetic diversity of resistance against mosaic viruses does exist, particularly, BaMMV. A total of 45 foreign barley varieties were crossed to German cultivars carrying the resistance gene ym4. In F2 of 27 crosses, no segregation could be detected, leading to the conclusion that the resistance genes of the foreign parents are allelic with ym4 e.g. Ym1 (‘Mokusekko 3’) and Ym2 (‘Mihori Hadaka 3’). A total of 18 crosses segregated in F2 indicating that foreign parents, like ‘Chikurin Ibaraki 1’, ‘Iwate Omugi 1’, and “Anson Barley”, carry resistance genes different from the gene of German cultivars, e.g. ‘Asorbia’ or ‘Franka’. By means of statistical evaluation (Chi2-test), the observed segregation ratios were analyzed in order to obtain significant information on the heredity of resistance. All the resistance genes described here as being different from the gene ym4, act recessively. Most of the exotic varieties seem to carry only one resistance gene. In a few cases, more than one gene may be present. 相似文献
855.
856.
本文对GM(1,1)模型参数估计方法进行了改进和简化,据此组建了苏北沿海棉区棉花烂铃病流行趋势超长期预报模型,经1980~1989年回报和1990~1995年预报,棉花烂铃病流行轻、重发生的符合率达100%;1996~2000年预报结果为1998年和2000年为重发生,其余3a为轻发生。这将为棉花烂铃病的研究和防治规划提供科学决策依据,也为GM(1,1)模型能在基层病虫测报站推广应用创造了条件。 相似文献
857.
The AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique has been applied in establishing an extended linkage map of sugar beet. A total of 120 AFLPs were integrated into an existing linkage map based on RFLP markers. Four primer combinations yielded between 19 and 40 polymorphic bands in an F2 population consisting of 94 plants. The AFLP loci were evenly distributed over the nine linkage groups, with the exception of linkage group V where the number of AFLPs was significantly low. The AFLPs were found to be reproducible even against the background of different combinations of Taq DNA polymerases and buffers. However, the quantity of higher molecular weight fragments (>400 bp) was reduced when using plant DNA of poor quality as a template. The results of these experiments are discussed, together with possible applications of AFLPs in sugar beet breeding. 相似文献
858.
859.
self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To compile self-(in)compatibility almond genotypes, a review of 133 commercial cultivars of wide geographical origin was made. The information gathered from own and mainly published work will be useful for both grower's cultivar choice when planting and for breeder's cross design when planning. The almond S genotypes compiled were identified using five different methods: biological (pollination tests in the field and in the laboratory) and molecular (RNases, PCR and sequencing). In most cases, genotypes were assigned after combining more than one technique. Cultivars were classified into three categories: self-incompatible (99), self-compatible (16) and doubtful self-incompatible (18). The database is divided in 9 fields (name, origin, parentage, obtention year (crossing, selection or release), S genotype, technique used, reference, consensus genotype, and cross incompatibility group). A study of the 27 S alleles already identified and their geographical distribution within the cultivated almond is also presented. The study was divided into cultivars of known and unknown parentage and the distribution of S alleles frequencies was uneven among the 133 cultivars. S allele frequencies are related to geographical origin. Some alleles (S
1, S
5, S
7 and S
8) are more frequently observed than the others among cultivars of both known and unknown parentage. In the cultivated almond, the S
f allele is only found in the Puglia region, Italy. The S
f
frequency is three times higher in cultivars released from breeding programmes than in cultivars selected by growers. From the 351 resulting possible genotypes by combination of the 27 S alleles identified only 20 CIG (0-XIX) have been established, which represents a small fraction of the whole genetic diversity of this polymorphic gene in almond. 相似文献
860.
Crambe abyssinica is becoming a reliable source of industrial oil with good technical characteristics because of its high erucic acid content. The possibility of using the industrial defatted meal of crambe as a feed could further promote the interest in this crop, but is prevented by the high glucosinolate content (70‐150 μmol/g). Therefore the possibility of reducing this parameter by selection was evaluated and a search for a new quick analytical procedure begun. When hydrolysed by myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.3.1.), at pH 6.5 or higher, epiprogoitrin, the main glucosinolate in crambe seed (>90% of total glucosinolates), gives (5R)‐5‐vinyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thione quantitatively. The latter can be easily estimated by high‐performance liquid chromatography. This is the background of the proposed analytical procedure that permits rapid analysis of about 100 samples per day using about 25 mg of crambe meal (five seeds) for assay. The method can also be used to select for glucosinolate content in rapeseed and, probably with some adjustment, all crops that have a 2‐hydroxy‐glucosinolate as the main glucosinolate. 相似文献