东北红豆杉生长与气象因子关系的初步调查

应用灰色系统理论中的关联分析方法，分析并指出了影响东北红豆杉生长的气象因子大小顺序依次为：本地气压，相对湿度，地面最高温，日最高温，风速，降水量，水汽压，５ｃｍ地温，１５ｃｍ地温，日最低气温，气温，地面均温，蒸发量，地面最低温，４０ｃｍ地温；绘制了东北红豆杉树高，地径生长量曲线，确定出相应生长量的最佳物候期，为东北红豆杉的经营利用提供了良好的理论；利用关联分析得出的影响东北红豆杉生长的主要气象因子     

基于BP神经网络连栽桉树人工林生长量预测

以广西国有东门林场雷卡分场的3个连栽代次的尾巨桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E.grandis)人工林为研究对象,以林分的林龄和林分密度作为输入变量,分别以林分的平均胸径和树高为输出变量,构建了6个2∶n∶1的BP人工神经网络模型。用林分前5 a的数据对网络进行训练,第6、7年数据进行测试,经过大量训练选取最优模型后,得出以2∶2∶1的结构训练的模型最优,林分平均胸径的3个BP网络模型平均预测精度分别为99.09%、98.35%和96.37%,平均树高的3个BP网络模型平均精度分别为96.22%、96.48%和96.6%。回归分析证明模型的拟合效果良好。模型可用来分析、模拟和预测相似条件下桉树人工林林分随林龄增长整个生长阶段的生长量变化情况。     

近10年我国茶树品种国审(鉴)情况分析

近10年我国有55个茶树新品种通过国家审(鉴)定。从这些新品种在不同茶区的分配比例、选育单位的组成类型、品种适制性和选育途径4个方面对其进行统计分析。研究发现,新品种的2/3是由华南和西南茶区选育而成,适制绿茶的品种所占比例较高,约占总数的57%,且产量型品种明显多于品质型品种。新品种中有51%属常规种,由此可见,系统选育法仍然是茶树育种的主要技术手段。与之前相比,选育单位的组成类型有所变化,但科研院所仍居主力地位。今后的发展,可以考虑从提高种质资源利用率、加强上下游技术合作、细化育种研究方向、鼓励公司或个人从事或参与等方面,推进茶树育种研究进程。     

浅谈SoC模块级与系统级的验证

SoC芯片通常包含有复杂的数据通路,对复杂的数据通路的验证非常具有挑战性。无线通信SoC中包括很多功能模块,为了验证其复杂的数据通路的正确性,需要对每个功能模块进行模块级的验证。由于SoC验证已经成为整个流程中的重心,所以努力研发新的验证方法及设备,不断完善SoC验证计划和平台是当前的主要任务。以SD控制器和芯片系统（SoC）为例,探讨SoC模块级和系统级的验证,先确定验证策略并编写测试计划,再创建测试平台,最后对复杂的数据进行测试。     

Choice of shrinkage parameter and prediction of genomic breeding values in elite maize breeding populations

Genomic selection (GS) is a promising alternative to marker‐assisted selection particularly for quantitative traits. In this study, we examined the prediction accuracy of genomic breeding values by using ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction in combination with fivefold cross‐validation based on empirical data of a commercial maize breeding programme. The empirical data is composed of 930 testcross progenies derived from 11 segregating families evaluated at six environments for grain yield and grain moisture. Accuracy to predict genomic breeding values was affected by the choice of the shrinkage parameter λ², by unbalanced family size, by size of the training population and to a lower extent by the number of markers. Accuracy of genomic breeding values was high suggesting that the selection gain can be improved implementing GS in elite maize breeding programmes.     

Life-history characteristics of an age-validated established invasive African sharptooth catfish,Clarias gariepinus,population in a warm–temperate African impoundment

It has been suggested that the invasive, omnivorous Clarias garipienus is capable of rapid invasions and long-term persistence in recently inhabited freshwater systems. To test this hypothesis, the life history of the established, extralimital Darlington Dam (33°10’31”S, 25°09’13”E) population was investigated. By counting post-fluorescent mark increments on otoliths from 21 chemically tagged wild fish recaptured 244–537 days later, the deposition of growth zones, comprising alternating opaque and translucent bands, was validated as annual. Examination of sectioned otoliths from 175 fish revealed that the oldest fish, two males of 840 and 1074 mm total length (TL), were 25 years old – 10 years older than previously described for any C. gariepinus population. The oldest female was 885 mm TL and 21 years old. Length-at-age was subsequently described using the von Bertalanffy growth model. Combined-sex growth was best described as L_t = 931.7(1– exp(–0.15(t+2.43))) mm TL. Total mortality (Z) was calculated using catch curve analysis and the Chapman & Robson estimator to be 0.35/yr. The presence of specimens 15 years and older indicates that these fish established quicklyand supports the finding that mortality rates are low, which, in turn, suggests likely long-term population persistence.     

APEX模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性研究

探讨了APEX（Agricultural Policy／Environmental eXtender）模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性。将APEX模型用于淮河流域中上游监测资料较匮乏的3个径流小区,用日径流／产沙的实测值和模拟值校正和验证模型,用校正过的模型评价不同土地管理措施的长期水土保持效益（1981～2005）。在模型校正阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均百分误差绝对值（APE）小于20％,平均纳希-苏特克利夫有效系数（EF）大于0．6,平均尺。大于0．7;在模型验证阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均APE小于12％,平均EF大于0．5,平均R^2大于0．7,APEX模型可模拟出径流、产沙的日变异。在水土保持效益评价结果中,与对照（休闲地）相比,管理措施2（林地-水平沟）的径流量平均减少37％,产沙量平均减少89％,管理措施1（林草混交-水平梯田）的水土保持效益要略低于管理措施2,构建水平沟、水平梯田以及增加地表植被是控制该地区水土流失的有效措施。研究结果表明：APEX模型适应性强,可用于预测和评价淮河流域中上游不同土地管理措施下的水土流失,这为资料匮乏地区研究土壤侵蚀提供了一种新的思路和工具。     

APEX模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性研究

探讨了APEX(Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender)模型在淮河流域中上游的适宜性。将APEX模型用于淮河流域中上游监测资料较匮乏的3个径流小区,用日径流/产沙的实测值和模拟值校正和验证模型,用校正过的模型评价不同土地管理措施的长期水土保持效益(1981~2005)。在模型校正阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均百分误差绝对值(APE)小于20%,平均纳希-苏特克利夫有效系数(EF)大于0.6,平均R2大于0.7;在模型验证阶段,3个小区日径流量和产沙量的平均APE小于12%,平均EF大于0.5,平均R2大于0.7,APEX模型可模拟出径流、产沙的日变异。在水土保持效益评价结果中,与对照(休闲地)相比,管理措施2(林地-水平沟)的径流量平均减少37%,产沙量平均减少89%,管理措施1(林草混交-水平梯田)的水土保持效益要略低于管理措施2,构建水平沟、水平梯田以及增加地表植被是控制该地区水土流失的有效措施。研究结果表明:APEX模型适应性强,可用于预测和评价淮河流域中上游不同土地管理措施下的水土流失,这为资料匮乏地区研究土壤侵蚀提供了一种新的思路和工具。     

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a Depolymerized Glycosaminoglycan from Holothuria fuscopunctata,a Novel Anticoagulant Candidate,in Rats by Bioanalytical Methods

dHG-5 (Mw 5.3 kD) is a depolymerized glycosaminoglycan from sea cucumber Holothuria fuscopunctata. As a selective inhibitor of intrinsic Xase (iXase), preclinical study showed it was a promising anticoagulant candidate without obvious bleeding risk. In this work, two bioanalytical methods based on the anti-iXase and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) prolongation activities were established and validated to determine dHG-5 concentrations in plasma and urine samples. After single subcutaneous administration of dHG-5 at 5, 9, and 16.2 mg/kg to rats, the time to peak concentration (T_max) was at about 1 h, and the peak concentration (C_max) was 2.70, 6.50, and 10.11 μg/mL, respectively. The plasma elimination half-life(T_1/2β) was also about 1 h and dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after s.c. administration. Additionally, the pharmacodynamics of dHG-5 was positively correlated with its pharmacokinetics, as determined by rat plasma APTT and anti-iXase method, respectively. dHG-5 was mainly excreted by urine as the unchanged parent drug and about 60% was excreted within 48 h. The results suggested that dHG-5 could be almost completely absorbed after subcutaneous injection and the pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 are predictable. Studying pharmacokinetics of dHG-5 could provide valuable information for future clinical studies.