Quantification of fructan concentration in grasses using NIR spectroscopy and PLSR

Near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to quantify fructan concentration in samples from seven grass species. Savitzky–Golay first derivative with filter width 7 and polynomial order 2 with mean centering was applied as a spectral pre-treatment method to remove unimportant baseline signals. In order to model the NIR spectroscopy data the partial least squares regression (PLSR) approach was used on the full spectra. Variable selection based on PLSR by jack-knifing within a cross-model validation (CMV) framework was applied in order to remove non-relevant spectral regions. PLSR was also used to model fructan concentrations from an augmented matrix [X|G], where X is spectra and G is correlation matrix of band specific information and X, in order to integrate the chemical band information in regression models. The present analysis showed that rapid quantification of fructans by NIR spectroscopy is possible and that jack-knifing PLSR within a CMV framework is an effective way to eliminate the wavelengths of no interest. Jack-knifing PLSR did not improve the predictive ability because the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) increased (1.37) compared to the full model (1.26). This was possibly due to signals from carbohydrates, which could act as cofactor in the prediction of fructans. However, jack-knifing PLSR within a CMV framework simplified the interpretation of the regression model with r² = 0.90 and RMSEP = 1.37.     

北京地区改进SYNTAM算法反演AOT有效性验证

本文利用了改进的SYNTAM算法反演了北京地区气溶胶光学厚度,并利用AERONET站点观测值进行验证比对分析：（1）基于设定的卷积窗口统计计算反演的相应气溶胶光学厚度参量值;（2）利用匹配对应时间尺度范围的AERONET站点值进行相关性分析,合理评估双星协同反演算法的有效性。结果表明：在北京地区该算法具有良好的适用性和可用性,反演所得大气气溶胶光学厚度与地面监测值具有高度的一致性,其对该区大气质量环境监测和农业生产光照胁迫性分析具有很好的实用价值。     

Identification of candidate genes related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds using multiple genetic analyses

Soluble sugar content in seeds is an important quality trait of soybean. In this study, 57 quantitative trait loci(QTLs) related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds were collected from databases and published papers. After meta-overview-collinearity integrated analysis to refine QTL intervals, eight consensus QTLs were identified. To further verify the consensus QTLs, a population of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs) was analyzed. Two lines containing fragments covering the reg...     

神东矿区人工林施肥试验效果研究

以神东矿区乌兰木伦镇油松、樟子松、新疆杨为试验对象,以施肥后两个生长季树木高生长、粗生长的实测数据为依据,分析了施肥对人工林生长状况的影响。结果表明:施肥可以促进树木生长,尤其是施肥后的第2个生长季,树木生长速度明显加快。叶面肥惠满丰以及腐熟的羊粪对新疆杨的作用最明显;腐熟的羊粪对樟子松效果最好;各种肥料对油松都有一定的作用,但是肥料种类和施肥量与油松生长量之间的关系比较复杂,多种成分的复混肥施用后油松的生长量并不比施用单一的尿素更明显,据此认为影响神东矿区油松生长速度并非只是土壤养分贫乏1种因素。     

考虑地面灌水技术制约的灌溉制度优化

制定作物灌溉制度不仅要考虑补充根层土壤水分以满足作物需求,还应考虑灌水方法对灌水量的限制。为研究我国华北地区地面灌溉条件下冬小麦－夏玉米连作的节水灌溉制度,在河北省雄县进行了连续3年不同灌水处理试验,用水量平衡模型ISAREG对各处理进行数值模拟,从而验证了选定的模型和参数。采用该模型模拟了不同水文年冬小麦－夏玉米连作的多种灌溉制度,对各方案的灌水次数、灌水量、降雨和灌溉水量损失以及作物产量等因素进行了对比,并对现行灌溉制度进行了评价。结果显示：雄县现行灌溉定额大大超过了灌溉需水量,主要原因是地面灌水技术的制约,如田面不平、进地流量过小或畦块过大等,造成难以控制小水量灌溉。为研究既能满足作物基本需水要求,又使灌溉水量损失最小的最佳灌水定额,用模拟地面灌溉水流运动的SRFR模型模拟不同生长阶段的灌溉,得到了每次灌溉时不同流量条件下的最小灌水量,以及灌水效率与灌水量的关系,据此提出了与灌水技术改进措施相结合的不同水文年的灌溉制度优化方案。     

基于机器学习的数字土壤制图研究进展

通过数字土壤制图可以高效、精准地获取土壤信息。近年来,随着计算机学科的快速发展和土壤-景观模型被广泛认同,采用机器学习方法进行数字土壤建模已成为数字土壤制图的主流思路,这为土壤空间分布的定量解释提供了一种不同于地统计学、专家知识和个体代表性等传统制图技术的新模式。本文综述了国内外数字土壤制图领域的研究成果,从利用机器学习技术进行土壤制图的基本理论、制图方法、展望三个方面完整系统地阐述了数字土壤制图领域的主要进展,其中数字土壤制图方法包括特征信息的选择、制图模型的选择和土壤图的精度验证。研究结果为全面、实时和精确获取土壤信息空间分布提供参考。     

卷帘牛舍矮墙对舍内清粪通道地面温度影响的数值模拟

针对西北地区卷帘牛舍冬季地面结冰,造成奶牛行走不便、打滑、跪地甚至伤害牛蹄、乳头,以及无法使机械刮粪系统正常作业,影响舍内卫生等问题,采用计算流体力学的方法,模拟该地区6组矮墙设计方式下卷帘牛舍地面温度场的分布,并对其中3组进行现场试验验证。结果表明,不同矮墙高度和外保温方式对矮墙附近的地面温度场有很大影响:1)矮墙高度对地面温度的影响程度大于墙体保温措施的应用,矮墙高度由0.5m增加到1.5m时,距矮墙2m范围内的地面温度可提高1.0℃;2)矮墙高度与墙体保温具有交互效应,采用1.2m矮墙加外保温时与1.4m矮墙无外保温时的地面温度基本相同,综合考虑矮墙高度和设置保温层对夏季通风和建造成本的影响,建议采用1.2m矮墙加外保温设计。