喷嘴空化模型建立与有效性试验验证

提出了一种针对喷嘴孔内空化现象的数值计算模型——喷嘴空化模型,并进行了可视化试验以验证其模型有效性,其中喷嘴空化模型考虑了液相与气相之间相变、气泡动力学、湍流扰动及不凝性气体影响等诸多因素,并采用喷孔内空化数对相变速率方程进行了修正。将基于喷嘴空化模型的数值计算结果与试验结果及基于Schnerr-Sauer模型的计算结果进行对比分析,结果显示:在2种空化模均采用默认参数的前提下,喷嘴空化模型与Schnerr-Sauer模型计算所得喷孔内空化现象变化趋势均与试验结果吻合良好,即喷嘴孔内空化现象随喷射压力提高而加强,且在发展空化至超空化流态过渡过程中空化特征长度涨幅远高于其他流态过渡情况;喷嘴空化模型计算所得空化特征长度在各流态下均与试验结果吻合良好,Schnerr-Sauer模型计算空化特征长度则低于试验结果,两者与试验值的最大误差均发生在超空化阶段,其中喷嘴空化模型计算值为试验值的92%,Schnerr-Sauer模型计算值为试验值的65%。该结果表明,所建立喷嘴空化模型可用于较为准确地模拟喷嘴孔内空化现象的变化趋势及空化特征长度。     

利用ECMWF再分析数据验证PRECIS对中国区域气候的模拟能力

本文利用1979～1983年的ECMWF再分析数据作为准观测侧边界条件驱动Hadley气候预测和研究中心的区域气候模式系统PRECIS，验证PRECIS对中国区域的气候模拟能力。选择典型的观测站点北京模拟的日最高，最低气温、太阳短波总辐射和月均降水量与观测结果进行直接比较，显示：PRECIS具有很强的模拟地面气候季节变化的能力。全国740个台站的观测与模拟值的统计分析表明：尽管模拟的最高，最低气温在0℃附近有一‘锯齿’状的偏差，PRECIS能够很好地模拟全国范围最高，最低气温的型态分布特征；从全国范围看，模拟的降水值偏高，但显示出很强的模拟极端降水事件的能力；模拟的地面太阳短波总辐射与全国122个台站的观测结果的比较显示：PRECIS模拟的辐射值偏高，全国范围内约高22％。因此，当应用PRECIS输出结果进行气候变化的影响评价时，需要对模式的输出结果进行订正。     

基于SPAC系统的作物腾发量模型的试验研究

通过田间试验对河北省2004年和2005年棉花、冬小麦和夏玉米不同生育期的冠层温度、地表温度和叶面积指数进行测定,根据能量平衡方程和空气动力学方程,结合当地气象资料推导出作物腾发量模型,并与棉花、冬小麦和夏玉米不同生育期实际腾发量比较发现:作物腾发量模型计算值不仅反映了这3种作物不同生育期腾发量的变化规律,而且与实际腾发量平均值的相对误差2004年分别为8.46%、4.76%和12.85%,2005年分别为3.42%、1.65%和0.84%,因此可以利用作物腾发量模型来计算作物腾发量,该研究为监测土壤墒情和确定作物缺水指标提供了理论依据.     

全球非结构网格有限体积法海洋模式东中国海潮汐计算初步分析

对全球非结构有限体积法海洋模式(Global-FVCOM)计算的全球海洋潮汐东中国海部分进行了验证。模式与资料的比较范围为24°N到41°N、118°E到132°E。根据计算结果得出了东中国海的M2、S2、K1、O1分潮的同潮图。分潮计算结果与东中国海区域99个实测站点比较结果总体较好,局部区域水深和网格精度欠缺导致偏差偏大。M2分潮振幅均方根偏差为15 cm,迟角均方根偏差为10°,K1分潮振幅均方根偏差为8.2 cm,迟角均方根偏差为9°。初步结果将有利于进一步建立全球多尺度潮流-洋流耦合模型。研究亮点:采用全球一体化的非结构有限体积法模式计算了全球潮汐,东海潮汐比较结果表明模式较好地反演了该地区潮波特征。全球模式的研究有助于加深对全球变化和近海变化的理解,具有广阔的研究前景。     

Evaluation of cystatin C as an endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate in dogs

Cystatin C is a cysteine protease inhibitor produced by all nucleated cells. It is freely filtered by the glomerulus and is unaffected by nonrenal factors such as inflammation and gender. Because of greater sensitivity and specificity, cystatin C has been proposed to replace creatinine as a marker of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in humans. The aims of this study were to validate an automated assay in canine plasma and to evaluate the usefulness of cystatin C as a marker of GFR in dogs. Western blotting was used to demonstrate cross-reactivity of an anti-human cystatin C antibody. An immunoturbidimetric assay was used to detect cystatin C in 25 clinically healthy dogs and 25 dogs with renal failure. Mean cystatin C concentration in the healthy dogs and the dogs with renal failure was 1.08 +/- 0.16 mg/L and 4.37 +/- 1.79 mg/L respectively. Intra- and interassay variability was <5%. The assay was linear (r = .974) between 0.14 and 7.53 mg/L. Both cystatin C and creatinine concentrations were measured in banked, frozen serum from 20 remnant kidney model dogs and 10 volume-depleted dogs for which GFR measurements by exogenous creatinine clearance had been determined previously. In the remnant kidney model, cystatin C was better correlated with GFR than creatinine (r = .79 versus .54) but was less well correlated with GFR in volume-depleted dogs (r = .54 versus .95). GFR measurements were repeated in the remnant kidney model dogs 60 days after initial GFR measurements. At this time, cystatin C and creatinine concentrations correlated equally well with GFR (r = .891 versus .894, respectively). Cystatin C concentration is a reasonable alternative to creatinine for screening dogs with decreased GFR due to chronic renal failure.     

Validation of an immunoturbidimetric D-dimer assay in canine citrated plasma

Abstract: D-dimer is a neoantigen formed when thrombin initiates the transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin; it is derived from plasmin digestion of cross-linked fibrin. In human medicine, the usefulness of this analyte in diagnosing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been assessed in patients fulfilling the clinical and laboratory requirements for this disorder. In canine medicine, the use of D-dimer is relatively new. Detailed studies are needed to understand the relationship between D-dimer concentration in plasma and DIC status in dogs. We validated a D-dimer immunoturbidimetric assay (Tina-quant [a] D-Dimer, Boehringer Mannheim) in canine citrated plasma samples. Intra-assay and interassay variability (coefficient of variation) was 5.63% and 8.82%, respectively. The assay was linear, using 2 samples with low and high D-dimer concentrations (r = .996 and .998). Accuracy was 102.2% and 95.7% based on a recovery study in which 2 samples were assessed. Reference values for D-dimer were established using 70 healthy dogs that were assessed clinically and evaluated on the basis of a complete laboratory workup. The reference range was set between 0.02 and 0.28 μg/mL (chi-square test for normal distribution, P > .05).     

白榆不同造林密度与生长量关系的研究

营造株行距１＊１ｍ、１＊２ｍ，２．５＊３ｍ不同造林密度的白检试验林，１４年的试验结果表明，３种不同栽植密对林分的高生长影响不大，但对胸径生长影响非常明显。     

三代实生与萌芽杉木生长特点分析

通过对三代实生与萌芽杉木生长特性的比较分析，结果表明：三代萌芽杉木早期生长量显著快于实生杉木，但树高在２５年生后、胸径和单株材积在１０年生后出现明显衰退，但至２８年生时这种衰退状况得到一定程度恢复。这体现了三代实生和萌芽杉木在土壤肥力退化较为严重状况下生物学特性的差异。     

浅议增值税转型

本文阐述了现行增值税的缺点、消费型增值税的优点,并试图对转型中可能会出现的一些问题提出一些建议。     

Modelling cork oak production in Portugal

The layout of 32 permanent plots in the most important cork production regions of Portugal and the measurement of the most representative tree parameters were performed for statistically sound cork weight modelling. The establishment of cork weight equations is presented for the different cork oak study areas considered alone or grouped according to the most representative tree parameters. For the presented cork weight models was chosen independent variable the total stripping surface (artmax). For the selection criteria five statistic were used, including PRESS, APRESS and Mallows's statistic. The crossvalidation of the best classified models was performed and to discuss the importance of the “study area” factor, a regression analysis with “dummy” variables was performed.