应用耗散结构理论分析地下水系统演化

地下水系统的演化是在天然或人为因素影响下,以新的宏观状态取代旧的宏观状态的耗散过程。提出基于耗散结构理论研究地下水系统演化机制的新思路。地下水系统是一个复杂的开放系统,其演化过程处于非平衡有序状态且不可逆,与地下水系统相关的各子系统之间的作用是非线性的,强烈的人为因素对地下水系统演变的影响显著。华北平原中部“冀枣衡”深层地下水漏斗是人类活动强烈干扰下地下水系统异常涨落的产物。大规模超量开采地下水导致衡水市地下水动力场、水化学场和含水介质空间结构变异等问题,地下水系统进入人为活动强烈干扰下的新的演化时期。     

灌浆期谷子净光合速率日变化及相关影响因子的研究

运用美国LI-COR公司制造的LI-6400便携式光合测定系统,研究了谷子灌浆期的净光合速率(Pn)日变化。结果表明:叶片净光合速率(Pn)日变化呈双峰型,有明显的光合午睡现象。     

反式脂肪酸降低乳脂合成的机理

乳中的反式脂肪酸直接来源于日粮脂肪或由瘤胃微生物氢化生成,本文重点介绍了反10-油酸和反10,顺12-共轭亚油酸两种不同反式脂肪酸对乳脂合成的影响,讨论了反式脂肪酸影响乳脂合成的机理,可能是反式脂肪酸通过抑制乳腺中脂肪酸合成的关键酶乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合成酶的活性,进而导致乳脂合成的减少。     

盛中唐诗歌向晚唐过渡的标本——薛逢诗歌论评

薛逢诗歌在唐代诗人中算不上大家和名家，但也算独具面目的一个。薛逢诗歌艺术看似不名一状，难测其端：诗歌风格豪放与英逸交错，诗歌感情基调沉郁与雄浑间杂，诗歌语言浅俗与精警并存。而在其思想和心态表达上：盛世理想主义情怀中渗透衰世感伤，关中士族辉煌自傲中渗透没落烙印，岁月人生反复感慨中渗透个人忧愤。从中可见盛唐的理想主义、中唐的通俗化向晚唐的怀古伤今倾向的转变轨迹。从这个意义上说，薛逢的诗歌艺术形式和思想心态是盛中唐向晚唐过渡的标本，也是时代由盛而衰和诗歌变向的生动写照。     

Relationship between genealogical and microsatellite information characterizing losses of genetic variability: Empirical evidence from the rare Xalda sheep breed

Preservation of rare genetic stocks requires continual monitoring of populations to avoid losses of genetic variability. Genetic variability can be described using genealogical and molecular parameters characterizing variation in allelic frequencies over time and providing interesting information on differentiation that occurred after the foundation of a conservation program. Here we analyze the pedigree of the rare Xalda sheep breed (1851 individuals) and the polymorphism of 14 microsatellites in 239 Xalda individuals. Individuals were assigned to a base population (BP) or 4 different cohorts (from C1 to C4) according to their pedigree information. Genetic parameters were computed at a genealogical and molecular level, namely inbreeding (F), observed (H_o) and expected (H_e) heterozygosity, individual coancestry coefficients (f and f_m), average relatedness (AR), mean molecular kinship (Mk), average number of allele per locus (A), effective number of ancestors (f_a), effective population size (N_e and N_e(m)) and founder genome equivalents (N_g and N_g(m)). In general, the computed parameters increased with pedigree depth from BP to C4, especially for the genealogical information and molecular coancestry-based parameters (f_m, Mk and N_g(m)). However, H_o and H_e showed the highest values for C1 and the molecular heterozygote deficiency within population (F_IS(m)) showed the lowest value for C1, thus indicating that loss of genetic variability occurs very soon after the implementation of conservation strategies. Although no genealogical or molecular parameters are sufficient by themselves for monitoring populations at the beginning of a conservation program, our data suggests that coancestry-based parameters may be better criteria than those of inbreeding or homozygosity because of the rapid and strong correlation established between f and f_(m). However, the obtaining of molecular information in well-established conservation programs could not be justified, at least in economic terms.     

Genetic diversity in Polish hounds estimated by pedigree analysis

Data from 247 litters of Polish hounds born at 105 kennels between 1960 and 2004 was analysed in order to evaluate the genetic variability of the breed. The breed originated from 19 founders and the founder genome equivalent ranged from 2.043 to 1.287 over the span of forty-four years of breeding. The high imbalance of founder contributions to the gene pool was noted, with the dominant contribution of four founders. The low number of the founders and the high disproportion of particular dogs in breeding use resulted in the increasing value of inbreeding coefficient which ranged from 0.0771 to 0.370. The poor gene pool seems to be strictly connected to the deteriorating health of the population which draws into question the future of the breed.     

高校大学生抑郁症的成因及预防探析

基于抑郁症的流行病学研究成果,从生物-心理-社会的整合模式分析导致大学生抑郁症的多种病因。针对可能诱发大学生抑郁症的病因,结合党和国家相关政策文件以及心理学相关研究成果,提出构建“医-校-家”三位一体的大学生抑郁症预防体系,实现育心与育德相结合、学校前置预警与医院绿色通道相结合、全员普及教育与特殊重点教育相结合、课堂主渠道与课外主阵地相结合、学校立体育人与家庭联学联动相结合,以期培养高校学生拥有健康的心态。     

Suitability of Canopy Temperature Depression in a Temperate Climate with Drought‐Stressed Winter Rye,Determined with Three Infrared Measurement Devices

Canopy temperature has been recognised as an indicator of crop water status and may thus be a useful secondary trait in selecting for yield under dry conditions. The aim of this study was to test the suitability of canopy temperature depression (CTD = T_air ? T_canopy) in a temperate climate with winter rye, by means of three infrared (IR) temperature measuring devices. In the years 2011 and 2012, 16 winter rye genotypes were examined under drought stress conditions in a rainout shelter and under well‐watered conditions. In each year, the CTD was determined several times during the growth period using two IR thermometers and an IR camera. By means of CTD, it was possible to detect drought stress and to differentiate between water regimes. The three measurement devices showed comparable results, despite greatly different costs. Under drought‐stress conditions, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was found on most measurement dates in 2011 and on some dates in 2012. When the CTD was pooled across water regimes, a significant positive correlation between grain yield and CTD was obtained on every measurement date. However, as genotypic differences for CTD were non‐existent, the correlations are less meaningful. The missing genotypic differences for CTD were rather caused by the limited genetic variability of the genotypes used in this study, than by climatic conditions. Due to this limitation, we were not able to make a concluding statement about the CTD in a temperature climate, although the results are quite promising and indicate that the CTD can potentially be used in a temperate climate.     

Relationship between inbreeding and milk production traits in two Italian dairy sheep breeds

The effects of inbreeding in livestock species breeds have been well documented and they have a negative impact on profitability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of inbreeding in Sarda (SAR, n = 785) and Valle del Belice (VdB, n = 473) dairy sheep breeds and their impact on milk production traits. Two inbreeding coefficients (F) were estimated: using pedigree (F_PED), or runs of homozygosity (ROH; F_ROH) at different minimum ROH lengths and different ROH classes. After the quality control, 38,779 single nucleotide polymorphisms remained for further analyses. A mixed-linear model was used to evaluate the impact of inbreeding coefficients on production traits within each breed. VdB showed higher inbreeding coefficients compared to SAR, with both breeds showing lower estimates as the minimum ROH length increased. Significant inbreeding depression was found only for milk yield, with a loss of around 7 g/day (for SAR) and 9 g/day (VdB) for a 1% increase of F_ROH. The present study confirms how the use of genomic information can be used to manage intra-breed diversity and to calculate the effects of inbreeding on phenotypic traits.     

多功能减压管在立筒仓和浅圆仓中的应用

在立筒仓及浅圆仓中安装多功能通风熏蒸减压降碎装置,可以有效降低粮食入库破碎率,减少自动分级影响,减缓出库时粮堆整体移动产生的动载荷,保护仓内设施,延长筒仓及浅圆仓使用寿命.同时利用多功能减压管进行内环流熏蒸及通风降温降湿进一步完善了立筒仓及浅圆仓储粮性能,提高了储粮稳定性.