Conservation in a changing world: <Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> conservation of the giant maize of Jala

Using survey data from Jala, Mexico, this case-study evaluates in situ maize conservation of the variety ‘Jala’ (Zea mays L.). Though historically ‘Jala’ was the dominant variety grown in the valley of Jala, today less than 20% of farmers grow it on only 5% of the maize area. Younger growers of the ‘Jala’ variety specialize in it, growing relatively large amounts for niche markets. Older, diversified farmers grow small areas for household use and to compete in a local contest. Conservation of the ‘Jala’ variety has been heavily influenced by shifting ideal concepts of maize, as determined by market and consumption demands and by a contest designed to promote in situ conservation. The current move away from nationalized purchasing may favor ‘Jala’s’ continued conservation.     

A Suitable Site for in situ (On-farm) Management of Plant Diversity in Traditional Agroecosystems of Western Himalaya in Uttaranchal State: A Case Study

There is a growing realisation world over that the introduction of modern agriculture has to be supplemented with measures to conserve biodiversity in situ if yield gains are to be stabilized. Hence, there is a growing interest from agricultural development specialists and conservation biologists for understanding the socioeconomic factors determining the conservation of biodiversity in situ. The present study was conducted with the objective of understanding the in situ (on-farm) conservation of agrobiodiversity in traditional agroecosystems taking the Urgam valley in north-western Himalaya of India, as a case study. An inventory was made of traditional crops and wild economic species for subsistence, and the structure of forest resource base, traditional knowledge related to resource management and use. Institutional and scientific challenges for in situ (on-farm) management of crop diversity were studied and are discussed in this paper. Complementarity of in situ (on-farm) conservation with ex situ conservation together with crop improvement in such marginal areas are suggested.     

成年鲁西牛肌内前脂肪细胞的分离培养

建立牛肌内前脂肪细胞体外培养方法，旨在更深入地研究组成肌肉内脂肪组织的肌内前脂肪细胞的增殖分化特性及其影响因素。选取来自成年育肥鲁西黄牛第6与第7肋骨间的肌肉内脂肪组织，利用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法分离获得牛肌内前脂肪细胞。培养出的细胞成分均一，增殖旺盛，分化率高，经形态学动态变化观察、生长曲线、油红O脂肪染色提取法及对胰岛素和地塞米松反应的测定，证明是功能活跃的前脂肪细胞，并在体外重现了其增殖分化过程，同时经染色体核型分析证明体外培养的细胞倍性正常，可以用于后续研究。本试验成功分离得到了成年育肥牛肌内前脂肪细胞，这为下一步研究肌内脂肪的沉积机制，改善牛肉品质奠定了基础。     

CdCl2对牛卵母细胞体外成熟及凋亡的影响

利用不同浓度(0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL)的氯化镉(CdCl2)对处理牛卵母细胞前后对其成熟率、凋亡率、Ca2分布、线粒体膜电位、Bcl-2与Bax的基因表达的影响,初步为重金属对雌性哺乳动物生殖细胞发育及细胞凋亡机制的进一步研究打下基础.利用0,0.8,1.6,2.4 μg/mL的氯化镉(CdCl2)处理...     

兰州百合微繁的研究

以兰州百合的鳞茎增殖为基础,进行了离体微繁研究。鳞茎增殖的适宜激素组合为0.9mg/LBA 0.1~0.2mg/LNAA。培养基中总离子浓度和氮浓度过高或过低都会影响兰州百合增殖,3种基本培养基N6、MS、和1/2MS以N6增殖效果最好。适当提高糖浓度对鳞茎增殖有促进作用,在各处理中以蔗糖浓度为40g/L增殖倍数高。兰州百合的适宜生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.1mg/L,生根率达100%,生根苗移栽成活率达90%。     

申嗪霉素对小麦纹枯病菌的毒力测定及盆栽药效

在室内条件下,中嗪霉素对小麦纹枯病菌具有强烈的抑制作用,其毒力回归方程为Y=0．7965X一4．3424（R2=O．9938）,药剂的EC50值为0．4366±0．5130ug（a.i）／mL。盆栽试验结果表明,100ug（a．i．）／mL申嗪霉素对小麦纹枯病的防治效果最好,防效达到71．5％,显著高于100g．g（a．i．）／mL井冈霉素对小麦纹枯病的防治效果。10 ug（a．i.）／mL和50ug（a．i.）／mI,中嗪霉素对小麦纹枯病的防治效果次之,分别为44．4％和61．3％。     

百合离体培养与植株再生体系的建立

以香水百合鳞叶为外植体,探讨不同外源激素水平对其小鳞茎分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响。结果表明:以MS+6-BA 0.5~1.0mg/L+IAA 0.1~0.3mg/L培养基的不定芽分化、增殖效果好,分化率达78.5%以上,增殖系数达5.6以上;1/2MS+6-BA 0.1mg/L+IAA 0.5mg/L或1/2MS+6-BA 0.1mg/L+NAA 0.1~0.3mg/L或1/2MS+6-BA 0.1mg/L+IBA 0.8mg/L的生根效果好,生根率可达96.0%以上;在泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1的基质中驯苗,成活率可达96.3%。     

医疗市场竞争条件下深化医院图书馆信息服务的构想

简述了医疗市场竞争日益加剧的现状,提出以创新管理制度、构建满足医院发展需求的服务模式为策略,重视人力资源和馆藏资源建设,深化传统图书馆信息服务。

     

羊胚胎生物技术研究进展及应用

阐述了胚胎移植、胚胎冷冻、胚胎分割、胚胎性别控制及体外受精等胚胎生物技术在养羊业的研究进展及应用现状。     

不同因素对牛卵母细胞胞质内精子注射效果的影响

采用胞质内精子注射法（ICSI）构建牛显微受精胚胎,探讨卵母细胞成熟培养时间、精子状态及精子操作液中聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）浓度对牛卵母细胞胞质内显微受精（ICSI）卵体外发育的影响。结果显示：成熟培养20 h、24 h和28 h的卵母细胞用于ICSI时,ICSI卵的形态完整率分别为94.6%（175/185）、97.2%（173/178）和96.4%（189/196）（P〉0.05）;成熟培养24 h和28 h的卵母细胞,其ICSI卵的卵裂率（73.4%和70.9%）和囊胚发育率（31.8%和29.6%）显著高于成熟培养20 h的卵母细胞（61.1%和20.6%）（P〈0.05）。对成熟培养24 h的卵母细胞注射获能精子时,ICSI卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率（72.7%和31.4%）高于未获能精子组（69.4%和29.3%）和不运动精子组（71.5%和30.4%）,但无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。采用含5%,10%和15%PVP的精子操作液处理获能精子后对成熟培养24 h的卵母细胞进行ICSI操作,PVP浓度为5%和10%时,ICSI卵的卵裂率（73.2%和66.9%）和囊胚发育率（32.7%和29.7%）差异不显著（P〉0.05）,但二者均显著高于15%PVP浓度组的卵裂率和囊胚发育率（51.0%和16.3%）（P〈0.01）。结论认为,选用获能精子,并使用含5%PVP的精子操作液进行处理,对成熟培养24 h的牛卵母细胞进行ICSI操作,有利于ICSI卵的体外发育。