信阳地区非典型新城疫的发病特点及其防制

近年来 ,以高发病率、高死亡率、爆发性为特征的典型新城疫已很少见。而非典型新城疫则越来越多 ,已成为危害养鸡业的重大疫病之一。本文全面分析了非典型新城疫发生流行的形式、主要原因、特点等 ,并据此提出了综合防制措施 ,对养鸡场 (户 )具有较大的指导帮助作用     

Effect of Metallothionein on Cell Cycle,Apoptosis Rate and Subsets Distribution of Lymphocytes in Peripheral Blood of Dairy Cattle under Heat Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to research the effect of metallothionein on cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of dairy cows under heat stress, so as to perfect the regulative mechanism re- searches of MT to anti-heat stress. [Method] Twenty lactating Chinese Holstein cows were randomly divided into four groups （A, B, C and D）, and injected with 0, 4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mg Zn-metallothionein, respectively by intravenous route. Blood sam- ples were collected at 1＂, 16~, 31~, 46~ and 61~ day, and the dynamic changes of cell cycle, apoptosis rate and subsets distribution of lymphocytes were determined. [Result] The apoptosis rate of cells in group B and C was lower than those in group A by 26.63% （P〉0.05） and 24.84% （P〉0.05） respectively. The number of cells in the Gc/G1 phage in trial groups was increased and the number of cells in the S and GJM phages tended to decrease, but there were no significant differences （P〉 0.05）. The number of CD3~ T cell in three trial groups was greater than those in group A by 7.02% （P〉0.05）, 5.45% （P〉0.05） and 3.85% （P〉0.05） respectively, while the number of CD4~ T cell in trial groups was higher than those in control group by 31.04% （P〈0.05）, 35.68% （P〈0.05） and 39.34% （P〈0.05） respectively. The number of CD8＇ T cell and the levels of CD4＊/CD8~ in trial groups were increased observ- ably, but significant difference （P〈0.05） was observed in the levels of CD4~/CD8~ between groups A and C only. It demonstrated that exogenous Zn-metallothionein can decrease apoptosis rate, improve cell cycle and regulate subsets distribution of lymphocytes in dairy cattle in a dose-dependent manner. [Conclusion] This study will provide scientific basis for safe utilization of MT in dairy industry.     

鸡场免疫途径及免疫失败原因分析

免疫接种是鸡场预防疾病的最有效途径。本文介绍了鸡场的八种免疫接种方法,并结合养鸡生产实际全面分析了鸡场免疫失败的原因,对养鸡场具有较大的实践指导作用。     

不同水平的氨基酸对小香鸡免疫性能与抗氧化性能的影响

选取120只健康、体重相近、出栏前5周的商品小香鸡为试验动物,随机分为苏氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、缬氨酸4个处理,每周称重1次。屠宰时,每个重复选取具有代表性的公、母鸡各1只,进行翅下静脉采血,分别测定免疫指标、抗氧化性能指标。结果表明,3种水平的苏氨酸处理对小香鸡免疫、抗氧化性能之间的差异不显著;添加0.3%的异亮氨酸比添加0.1%的异亮氨酸能显著提高小香鸡抗氧化性能;添加0.2%的异亮氨酸比添加0.1%异亮氨酸能显著提高总蛋白含量;添加0.2%的缬氨酸较添加0.3%缬氨酸能显著提高GSH-PX活性;添加0.2%的缬氨酸与添加0.1%的缬氨酸相比,总蛋白含量显著提高;添加0.3%的缬氨酸与添加0.1%的缬氨酸、0.2%的缬氨酸相比,总蛋白含量差异不显著;添加0.2%的缬氨酸处理的球蛋白含量与添加0.1%的缬氨酸、0.3%的缬氨酸差异显著;苏氨酸处理组与亮氨酸处理组球蛋白含量差异极显著,异亮氨酸处理组与亮氨酸处理组球蛋白含量差异显著,但是缬氨酸处理组球蛋白含量与其他3组差异均不显著。     

丹顶鹤黑鹳等新城疫免疫效果的跟踪研究

丹顶鹤、黑鹳等属世界珍稀鸟类物种,为我国I级保护动物,现已确认鹤、鹳等可以患鸟类的烈性、毁灭性传染病——新城疫。鉴于国内外鹤、鹳新城疫防疫与检测没有系统的研究报道,尚没有一个完整可靠的科学依据来指导防疫程序。本研究采用血凝抑制试验（HI）测定接种新城疫疫苗前后的鹤、鹳,观察其血清抗体效价的消长规律,认定其免疫能力。支持和指导鹤、鹳防疫程序的建立。     

CD95-CD95L signal mediated apoptosis and its resistance to apoptosis

This article briefly reviewed CD95-CD95L system-induced apoptosis, and also induced resistance to apoptosis,and immune privilege.     

Immunisation against Panleucopenia: Early development of immunity

The time necessary to obtain the immunity of cats against Panleucopenia has been studied by means of a modified live vaccine.

This vaccine makes it possible to obtain a very early post-vaccinal immunity: the full immunity is reached 72 hr after the inoculation of the vaccine by the subcutaneous route.

Furthermore, we have demonstrated that a sensitive kitten can be admitted in a contaminated environment immediately after vaccination without showing any clinical evidence of the disease.     

Immunity to chlamydial infections in mice—I. Establishment of quantitative techniques

Some methods for quantitative measurement of immunity to chlamydial pneumonia in laboratory mice were evaluated. Death, and histopathological grading of lung changes were quantifiable responses, but lung impression smears stained for chlamydia were not     

海带岩藻聚糖及其级分在氧化应激条件下对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响

【目的】在氧化应激条件下,研究海带岩藻聚糖及其级分对肉鸡巨噬细胞免疫功能的影响,初步探讨海带岩藻聚糖及其级分的免疫调节功能与抗氧化作用的关系。【方法】以叔丁基过氧化氢（tBOOH）为活性氧诱导剂,加入肉鸡腹腔巨噬细胞培养液中,测定细胞培养液中抗氧化酶的变化,巨噬细胞分泌一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）、以及细胞因子IL-1和TFN-α等免疫指标的变化。【结果】用tBOOH处理后的巨噬细胞,细胞存活率显著下降（P＜0.05）,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和丙二醛（MDA）显著升高（P＜0.05）,SOD和GSH-Px酶活性显著降低（P＜0.05）。巨噬细胞的吞噬活性显著降低（P＜0.05）,NO、iNOS和呼吸爆发显著降低（P＜0.05）,细胞因子IL-1分泌量显著下降（P＜0.05）,表明细胞出现明显的氧化损伤。在培养液中加入海带岩藻聚糖及其级分,能够缓解细胞的氧化应激,使得细胞存活率上升,LDH和MDA降低,SOD和GSH-Px升高,免疫指标均有不同程度的恢复。【结论】海带岩藻聚糖及其级分具有抗氧化活性,不同级分的抗氧化活性存在差异,其中级分Ⅲ、级分Ⅳ的作用较强。海带岩藻聚糖对巨噬细胞的免疫促进作用与其抗氧化活性有关。     

复方党参口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为探讨复方党参口服液对小鼠免疫功能的影响,将40只健康昆明系小鼠随机分成对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组10只,分别灌服生理盐水,口服液浓度为0.5,1.0,1.5 g/ml,各0.1 ml/只.d。试验10 d后,测定小鼠脾脏系数、胸腺系数和体增重(试验第11 d时与0 d时小鼠体重的差值),并进行脾脏的组织形态学观察;测定各组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能以及红细胞免疫功能。结果表明,复方党参口服液可显著增加小鼠脾脏系数,升高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分率和吞噬指数。初步证明复方党参口服液对正常小鼠的免疫功能有较强的促进和调节作用。