蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及免疫力的影响

[目的]探讨蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡产蛋性能及免疫力的影响。[方法]选取240只京红1号褐壳蛋鸡,分为试验组和对照组2组进行饲养试验,在饲料中添加蝇蛹粉等量代替鱼粉,研究蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质以及3种免疫球蛋白(Ig A、Ig E和Ig G)浓度的影响。[结果]试验组蛋重、日采食量、料蛋比均与对照组差异极显著(P0.01)。试验组蛋形指数、蛋黄相对比重与对照组均差异不显著(P0.05);试验组蛋壳相对比重与对照组差异极显著(P0.01)。蝇蛹粉对蛋鸡Ig E浓度的影响极显著(P0.01),而对Ig A和Ig G浓度的影响不显著(P0.05)。[结论]蛋鸡日粮中添加蝇蛹粉等量替代鱼粉能够明显提高蛋鸡的生产性能及免疫力,降低蛋鸡的饲料成本,获得较好的经济效益,适宜推广利用。     

饲料维生素E含量对美国红鱼生长和非特异性免疫的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加维生素E对美国红鱼生长（存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率）和非特异性免疫相关指标（血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性）影响的研究,设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0．1、25．3、51．0、102．8和203．2mg／kg）的等氮等能饲料,对美国红鱼进行为期56d的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为151g左右的美国红鱼20尾。饲养实验在海水网箱（1．5m×1．0m×1．0m）中进行。结果表明,随着饲料维生素E含量增加,美国红鱼饲料效率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高,美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为102．8mg／kg;美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性随着维生素E的添加量的增加而显著升高,并且维生素E的添加量达到最高值102．8和25．3mg／kg,随后变化不明显;美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高,并且含量在102．8mg／kg达到最高值,随后显著下降。综上所述,美国红鱼维生素E的适宜添加量为102．8mg／kg。     

氨基多糖螯合盐对扣蟹非特异性免疫力的影响

[目的]探讨氨基多糖螯合盐对扣蟹非特异性免疫力的影响。[方法]通过在配合饵料中添加氨基多糖螯合盐,研究其对扣蟹非特异性免疫力[碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、溶菌酶活性]的影响。[结果]氨基多糖螯合盐可以有效提高扣蟹AKP、ACP、SOD和溶菌酶活性。[结论]在饲料中添加氨基多糖螯合盐对于增强扣蟹非特异性免疫力有一定功效。     

鸡马立克氏病不同免疫方法的临床预防效果调查

通过用４种不同ＭＤ疫苗对鸡马立克氏病临床预防效果的调查比较,结果表明,用以色列雅贝克公司生产的ＨＶＴ＋ＣＶＩ９８８二价氮苗免疫效果最好,有产保护率可高达９９．９５％。     

Regulation of‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rats

AIM: To investigate the regulation of ‘Tiao Gan Fang Yao’(TGFY) on neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat . METHODS:The stressed rat model was made by bandage. RIA was adopted to measure the function of hypothalamus-pitutary-adrenal gland axis (HPAA) of stressed rat. Meanwhile, the immunity of stressed rat and the regulation of TGFY were observed.RESULTS:Bandage stress increased the contents of serum corticosterone(CORT), and ACTH, and hypothalamus corticotropin releasing hormone (P＜0.01 or 0.05), which suggested that the excitability of HPAA was enhanced. In addition, bandage stress reduced spleen lymphocyte proliferation (P＜0.01) and decreased H₂O₂ releasing from the macrophages significantly (P＜0.01). While TGFY could decrease HPAA excitability of bandage-stressed rat and strengthen its immunity. CONCLUSION:TGFY could regulate disorder of neuroendocrine-immuno-function of bandage-stressed rat.     

盐度波动和中草药制剂对脊尾白虾存活·生长和免疫的影响

[目的]为大规模脊尾白虾的养殖提供理论基础。[方法]研究了盐度波动幅度（S0、S3、S6和S9分别代表盐度波动幅度为0、3、6和9）和中草药制剂（0、1%、2%和4%）对脊尾白虾存活、生长和免疫的影响,试验周期60 d。[结果]1%中草药和S6盐度波动处理组脊尾白虾的特定生长率、饲料转换效率和超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于其他处理,且显著高于同一中草药添加水平的S0,S3和S9盐度波动处理组。回归分析结果表明,在S0、S3和S6 3个盐度波动水平,随盐度波动幅度增加,饲料中的中草药制剂的最适添加量呈下降趋势,分别为2.74%、1.77%和0.51%;在4个中草药制剂添加水平,随饲料中的中草药制剂添加量增加,脊尾白虾生长的最适盐度波动幅度呈下降趋势,分别为5.26、4.95、3.54和1.97。[结论]盐度、中草药制剂及其相互作用对脊尾白虾的存活、生长和免疫均有显著影响,因此在养殖时应加以注意。     

强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫效果的研究

本实验研究了强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗免疫预防鸡球虫病的效果。实验结果表明：强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗是安全有效的，基保滴服免疫的效果优于拌料免疫，滴服免疫不仅对攻毒后鸡有100％的保护效果，而且能有效地控制球虫病的发生，对小鸡的生长也有明显的保护作用。与常用抗球虫药氯苯胍相比，强效艾美耳牌鸡球虫疫苗预防鸡球虫病的效果优于氯苯胍，其对小鸡增重率、料肉比显示的效果也优于氯苯胍。     

微生态制剂对异育银鲫生长性能及免疫机能的影响

[目的]研究复合微生态制剂对异育银鲫生长和免疫机能的影响,找出合理的菌种搭配。[方法]选择酵母菌、乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌为试验菌种,采用L9（3^4）正交设计法配制成9种复合微生态制剂,选择体重相近异育银鲫为试验动物,随机分为9组,每组设4个重复,每个重复20尾,饲喂添加不同复合微生态制剂的饲料,试验期为60d,测定各组的生长指标、头肾指数、脾指数、血清溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶。[结果]3种单一益生菌制剂对异育银鲫生长性能的影响的主次顺序为：酵母菌〉芽孢杆菌〉乳酸菌,促进异育银鲫生长较优的微生态制剂组合为酵母菌（0.08%）、乳酸菌（0.03%）和枯草芽孢杆菌（0.01%）;在免疫机能中,芽孢杆菌对异育银鲫免疫器官指数和溶菌酶的影响最大,而酵母菌对血清SOD影响最大。[结论]酵母菌、乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌3种益生菌搭配可以促进异育银鲫的生长,改善鱼体的免疫机能。     

Effect of colostrum treated by heat on immunological parameters in newborn lambs

Seventeen newborn lambs were fed with untreated colostrum (group A) and 18 lambs were fed with colostrum treated by heat (56 °C, 30 min) (group B). Blood samples were obtained at seven time points from day 0 to 38 of life. Clinical status and body weight were recorded and serum protein fractions and IgG levels were determined in blood. Phagocytosis of neutrophils from the lambs and opsonic capacity of their serum were examined using a flow cytometry method. As an indicator of in vivo cellular immunity, reactions to intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were examined at 8 and 16 days of age. There were no clinical signs of disease and no significant differences in body weight between groups. Lambs from group B had lower total protein initially and lower γ-globulin and IgG levels until day 32 compared to lambs from group A (P < 0.01). Heat treatment of colostrum had no significant effect on serum opsonic capacity or phagocytosis by neutrophils and these functions increased with age. However, responses to PHA in lambs from group B were lower (P < 0.01) than group A at day 8 of life, but not at day 16, suggesting that cellular immunity was affected by the treatment of colostrum. These results showed that colostrum treated by heat impaired cellular and IgG levels in lambs, but not phagocytic function. However, these changes did not affect the health or performance of the lambs.     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感三联灭活疫苗免疫产生期试验

采用鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、禽流感(H9亚型)三联灭活疫苗,分别免疫SPF鸡,免疫后7、14、21天采血测定ND及A(IH9)HI抗体,并用NDV、AIV(H9)强毒攻击,观察三联苗ND及A(IH9)部分的免疫产生期;此外,先用H120活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,免疫后3周,用三联苗加强免疫,免疫后7、14、21天采血测定IBHI抗体,观察三联苗IB部分的免疫产生期。结果证明,三联灭活苗的免疫产生期为14天。