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51.
The efficacy of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) against the early stages of an experimental acute infection of Flavobacterium columnare in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was evaluated. Fish were experimentally challenged by waterborne exposure for 2 h to F. columnare after cutaneous abrasion, and treated with KMnO4 at 2.0 mg L?1 above the KMnO4 demand at 0, 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge for 24 h. Challenged non‐treated fish acted as a positive control and non‐challenged non‐treated fish acted as a negative control. Fish challenged and treated with KMnO4 at 0, 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge had mortalities of 26%, 63%, 64% and 83% respectively. The mortality of challenged fish treated with KMnO4 at 0 h postchallenge (26%) was significantly less than the positive control (77%). The mortalities of challenged fish treated at 1, 2 or 4 h postchallenge were not significantly different from the positive control fish. The results suggest that KMnO4 has a clear therapeutic value in early stages of columnaris infection but limited therapeutic value once the infection has progressed. 相似文献
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53.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):89-99
Abstract Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque 1818), and sunshine bass, female white bass Morone chrysops (Rafinesque 1820) × male striped bass M. saxatilis (Walbaum 1792), juveniles (10 and 12 g, respectively) were exposed to copper sulfate (CuSO4) in a series of static toxicity tests to observe species sensitivity. The water used in this study was 18.9°C filtered well water with initial pH of 8.71, and total alkalinity and total hardness of 224 and 110 mg/L, respectively. Estimates of mean 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC50) values were 1.75 mg/L Cu (6.89 mg/L CuSO4) for channel catfish and 0.85 mg/ L Cu (3.35 mg/L CuSO4) for sunshine bass; LC50 values were calculated using nominal CuSO4 concentrations. These values differed significantly. This study demonstrates that sunshine bass juveniles are less tolerant of CuSO4 than channel catfish fingerlings when exposed concurrently in waters from the same source. 相似文献
54.
TaqMan实时荧光PCR快速检测斑点叉尾鮰病毒 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据GenBank登录的斑点叉尾鮰病毒株ORF8基因序列,设计引物和Taqman荧光探针,建立了用于检测斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus Punctatus)病毒的实时荧光定量PCR方法;对实时荧光定量PCR反应条件进行了优化,评估了该方法的特异性、灵敏度和重复性,并建立了绝对定量方法。特异性试验证实,该方法只能检测到斑点叉尾鮰病毒,与真鲷虹彩病毒、蛙虹彩病毒、锦鲤疱疹病毒、鳜鱼传染性脾肾坏死病毒等多种常见的水生动物病毒没有交叉反应,具有高度的特异性。标准曲线表明,在3.3×10~3.3×107拷贝数之间有较好的线性关系(r=0.998 3),最少可检测到33个拷贝的阳性质粒,敏感度很高。同一样品于试验内及试验间的重复性试验发现,变异系数分别为0.7%和1.2%,重复性较好。该方法的检测时间从核酸抽提到出具结果仅需3h。试验结果表明,采用实时荧光PCR检测斑点叉尾鮰病毒方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、检测耗时短的特点,并且能对病毒进行准确的定量分析,不仅适合口岸进出口检验检疫的需求,而且可以作为研究该病毒感染过程的有力工具。 相似文献
55.
Guang‐Zhen Jiang Zhuo‐Qin Li Hong‐Yan Tian Er‐Teng Jia Chao Xu Wen‐Bin Liu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(1):154-165
In this study, we evaluated different dietary fishmeal and protein levels on growth performance, intestinal structure and intestinal microbial community of juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. A total of 1800 fish distributed into 36 tanks were fed with nine different diets containing three protein levels (300, 330 and 360 g/kg) with three fishmeal (FM) levels (0, 30 and 60 g/kg) for 90 days. The results showed that significant interactions between the protein level and FM level were observed in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), Na+, K+‐ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities. The significant lowest FW, WG, Na+, K+‐ATPase and AKP activities were observed in fish fed with no fishmeal and 300 g/kg protein dietary while the highest were shown in 60 g/kg fishmeal and 330 g/kg protein treatment. Additionally, the microvillar length of the mid‐intestine in catfish was significantly affected by the interaction between dietary protein level and fishmeal level. The intestinal samples were dominated by three major phyla, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. Genera Romboutsia and Turicibacter accounted for probably 800 g/kg of the phylum Firmicutes; meanwhile, genus Cetobacterium represented more than 900 g/kg of the phylum Fusobacteria. In conclusion, this study indicated that channel catfish juveniles can be fed with a practical diet without fishmeal as long as the protein level increased to 360 g/kg; however, if the percentage of dietary protein was 300 g/kg, it seemed that fishmeal need to be supplied as a protein source. 相似文献
56.
Jonathan F. McKenzie 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(1):39-56
Bivalves have been proven to be an inexpensive method for removing suspended solids, dissolved nutrients, and controlling algal growth through suspension feeding. The freshwater mussel, Elliptio complanata, is one of the most abundant species in Delaware, and it is additionally favorable for this experiment because of its hardiness against environmental stress and its filtration efficiency. This study examines the possibility that biomechanical filters such as E. complanata can supplement existing chemical and mechanical filtration regiments in aquaculture pond management. Twelve earthen aquaculture ponds located at the Delaware State University were stocked at a density of 4,000 catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) per hectare. Four different concentrations (0, 75, 150, and 300) of E. complanata were placed in trays within the ponds with three replicates of each concentration. The trays were suspended 15 cm below the surface of the water for a period of five months. Fish were fed a 32% protein diet twice daily at a rate of 1% of their body weight. Water quality was analyzed weekly while fish and mussel growths were measured biweekly. Results from water quality parameters varied significantly and were not conclusive based on the data obtained in this study. Water quality did not improve within the mussel treatment ponds during the course of this study and was found to be significantly below that of control ponds for all of the water chemistry parameters measured, with the exception of ammonia. Catfish in the 150 mussel treatment ponds grew the fastest; the 75 mussel treatment provided the most growth in mussels; and the 300 mussel group maintained the highest mussel survivorship. Although there were differences between ponds, fish growth and survivorship were not significantly different between treatments. While our mussel densities may have not been sufficient, their placement within the water column may have added additional stress. Being removed from the sediment can result in a decreased clearance rate in a benthic species such as E. complanata. This study may not have been conclusive in proving that mussels can be used to maintain water quality in aquaculture ponds, but we did see positive growth and survivorship of mussels and fish that indicated that the mussels were thriving in the aquaculture pond setting. This study may show that aquaculture ponds provide a suitable habitat in which propagated mussels may be held until their release into native areas. 相似文献
57.
嗜水气单胞菌3种疫苗对斑点叉尾免疫原性比较研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将经福尔马林灭活的嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、菌体脂多糖(LPS)和菌体外膜蛋白(OMP)作为免疫原,分别接种斑点叉尾(Ictalurus punctatus Rafinsque)后,通过测定受免鱼的凝集抗体效价,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性和用A.hydrophila活菌攻毒的方法,探讨了斑点叉尾对A.hydrophila的3种疫苗的免疫应答状况和对活菌攻毒的免疫保护效果。试验结果显示:对斑点叉尾经腹腔注射接种3种疫苗均能刺激受免鱼产生较强的免疫应答,3种疫苗的受免鱼均产生了特异性凝集抗体,接种F-Ah灭活菌苗的试验鱼最高,接种OMP疫苗的试验鱼其次,而接种LPS疫苗的试验鱼血清中凝集抗体效价最低;与未接种疫苗的对照鱼相比,受免鱼头肾和血液中吞噬细胞的吞噬活性明显上升,头肾和血液中吞噬细胞活性由高到低依次是LPS、OMP和F-Ah免疫接种的斑点叉尾;活菌攻毒的结果证明接种3种疫苗的受免斑点叉尾A.hydrophila的感染产生了不同程度的相对免疫保护力(RPS),以OMP免疫接种后的斑点叉尾RPS最高,达到72.5%,接种LPS的斑点叉尾稍差,RPS为62.5%,而RPS最低的是接种F-Ah的免疫组,RPS只有24.2%。 相似文献
58.
59.
ABSTRACT Animal protein, generally fish meal, has traditionally been used in the diet of channel catfish. However, our previous research indicates that animal protein is not needed for growing stocker-size catfish to food fish when the fish are stocked at densities typical of those used in commercial catfish culture. Whether this holds when fish are stocked at high densities is not known; thus, we conducted an experiment to evaluate the effect of feeding diets with and without fish meal to channel catfish stocked in earthen ponds at different densities. Two 32% protein-practical diets containing 0% or 6% menhaden fish meal were compared for pond-raised channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, stocked at densities of 14,820, 29,640, or 44,460 fish/ha. Fingerling channel catfish with average initial weight of 48 g/fish were stocked into 30 0.04-ha ponds. Five ponds were randomly allotted for each fish meal level?×?stocking density combination. Fish were fed once daily to satiation for two growing seasons. There was a significant interaction between stocking density and fish meal for net production; net production increased in fish fed a diet containing fish meal compared with those fed an all-plant diet at the highest stocking density, but not at the two lower stocking densities. Net production of fish fed diets with and without fish meal increased as stocking density increased. Viewing the main effect means, weight gain decreased and feed conversion ratio increased for fish stocked at the two highest densities, and survival was significantly lower at the highest stocking density. Visceral fat decreased in fish at the two highest stocking densities. Body composition data were largely unaffected by experimental treatment except for a reduction in percentage filet fat in fish at the highest stocking density, and fish that were fed diets containing fish meal had a lower percentage fillet protein and a higher percentage fillet fat. It appears that at stocking densities two to three times higher than generally used, animal protein (fish meal) may be beneficial in the diet of channel catfish. In regard to stocking densities, high stocking results in higher overall production, but the average fish size decreased as stocking density increased. 相似文献
60.
7种中草药对斑点叉尾鮰生理生化指标的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]为7种中草药在水产养殖业中的合理使用提供理论依据。[方法]以斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)为研究对象,考察了射干、杜仲、贯众、白芍、甘草、虎杖和栀子7种中草药对生理生化指标的影响。[结果]中草药能提高血清和脾脏抗氧化能力,降低肝胰脏抗氧化能力。射干能显著提高头肾SOD和CAT活力。贯众、杜仲、栀子和虎杖能显著提高肌肉SOD和CAT活力。贯众显著降低血清LZM活力,射干显著提高肝胰脏和头肾LZM活力,虎杖显著降低头肾LZM活力,栀子和甘草显著提高鳃LZM活力,贯众、杜仲和虎杖显著提高肌肉LZM活力。贯众、甘草和虎杖降低AST活力,白芍显著提高AST活力。贯众、杜仲、栀子和甘草降低肝胰脏ALT活力。射干、栀子和甘草显著提高白细胞吞噬能力。[结论]7种中草药对斑点叉尾鮰生理生化指标有不同程度的影响。 相似文献