南方红壤丘陵区水田绿色农业模式及配套技术

介绍了南方红壤丘陵区水田绿色农业模式及配套技术研究与示范的一些主要结果:按照6项构建原则,围绕农用化学品减量化、技术标准化、产品绿色化、生产持续化、环境友好化的五化总体目标,通过多种模式的耦合,构建出了南方红壤丘陵区水田稻+鸭+草+灯+肥+洁立体绿色农业模式,并提出了土壤质量提升、有害生物无害化控制、水稻健身栽培、农用化学品替代与高效精准施用、稻作副产品综合利用等5方面的配套技术,模式与技术示范已显示出良好的效果。     

粉煤灰和石灰对突发性污染土壤中重金属化学形态的影响

利用石灰和粉煤灰对突发性污染土壤中重金属进行修复,采用TCLP法和Tessier浸提法对修复后土壤进行评价。结果表明,当石灰用量为土重的0.1%时,培养1个月,突发性污染土壤中Cu、Cd浸提量(TCLP法)比对照分别下降68.13%和76.67%;当粉煤灰用量为土重的8%时,土壤Cu、Cd浸提量比对照分别下降61.58%和71.67%。两种土壤经修复后,Cu、Cd浸提量均降至国际标准值以下,原因是施用粉煤灰和石灰后,土壤中Cu、Cd的形态由交换态向碳酸态和铁锰态发生转化。     

贵州木虱科昆虫名录及区系分析

记述了贵州木虱科(半翅目木虱总科)昆虫8属25种,列出了各种在贵州省的分布,并作了贵州木虱科各属在中国动物地理区划中的区系分析.结果表明,贵州木虱科昆虫具有显著的东洋区系性质,在我国动物区系亚区水平上以华中区系、华北区系和西南区系成分为主.     

Induction of Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Leukemia U937 Cells by C18 Hydroxy Unsaturated Fatty Acid Isolated from Red Alga Tricleocarpa jejuensis

Our previous studies have found that (±)-(E)-12-hydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid (HOEA) isolated from the red alga Tricleocarpa jejuensis showed cytotoxic effects on various living organisms including harmful microalgae, Gram-positive bacteria, and mammalian tumor cells. Since natural products with apoptosis-inducing ability can be promising anti-cancer agents, in this study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of HOEA on U937 cells focusing on apoptosis induction. HOEA showed much stronger cytotoxic and cytolytic effects on U937 cells than elaidic acid, which has similar structure but no 12-hydroxy group, suggesting that hydroxy group is important for the cytotoxicity of HOEA. HOEA induced apoptotic nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, time-dependent increase in annexin V+/PI+ cell population in HOEA-treated U937 cells was detected. Among the apoptosis-related reagents, caspase-family inhibitor almost completely inhibited HOEA-induced DNA fragmentation. In the analyses using specific caspase-substrates, extremely high cleavage activity toward caspase-3/7/8 substrate was observed in HOEA-treated U937 cells, and weak activities of caspase-1 and -3 were detected. Analyses using specific caspase inhibitors suggested that caspase-3 and caspase-8 might be predominantly responsible for the cleavage activity. Activation of these caspases were also confirmed by western blotting in which significant levels of cleaved forms of caspase 3, caspase 8, and PARP were detected in HOEA-treated U937 cells. Our results suggest that HOEA is capable of inducing apoptosis in U937 cells in which caspase-3 and caspase-8 might play important roles. Since the cytotoxic effect of HOEA is not strictly specific to tumor cells, development of appropriate drug delivery system for selective tumor targeting is necessary for the clinical applications to reduce the possible side effects.     

西洋参中精氨酸双糖甙的发现及定量分析

应用日立－８３５型氨基酸分析仪，对西洋参加工样品进行检测，发现经过一定时期贮存的西洋参中含有精氨酸双糖甙，其含量为０．１０５４％，而在新加工的西洋参中未检出，新鲜的西洋参加工为西洋红参，其含量达０．７８６７％。     

UV-B辐射对元阳红米籽粒酚类含量及其抗氧化能力的影响

为阐明UV-B辐射增强对水稻籽粒中酚类化合物含量及其抗氧化能力的影响,通过大棚盆栽种植元阳梯田传统水稻品种——白脚老粳(OryzamIaponicamantiquam cum pedibusalbis)。在水稻各生长期进行不同强度UV-B辐射处理(自然光和2.5、5.0、7.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1),研究UV-B辐射增强对水稻籽粒酚类化合物含量(包括总酚、总黄酮、总酚酸)的影响和酚类清除活性氧自由基[包括1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)、2,2′-联氮-双-3-6-磺酸(2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS)和羟自由基]的影响。结果表明:当UV-B辐射强度增加至7.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1时,相较于自然光,千粒质量降低了34.9%,每株籽粒生物量下降了45.8%,同时对水稻籽粒酚类含量及其清除自由基的能力产生影响。水稻籽粒中酚类含量在自然光下无显著变化,当UV-B辐射达到2.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1时酚类含量显著升高,但7.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1时酚类含量会显著降低,同样地,酚类对自由基的清除率在自然光下无显著影响,在2.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1时清除率显著上升,7.5 kJ·m^-2·d^-1清除率显著下降。研究表明,UV-B辐射增强对酚类合成作用表现为低强度促进高强度抑制,且酚类含量的高低直接影响自由基的清除率。     

不同光质间断暗期对农垦58s叶片细胞膜透性及外渗液主要成分含量的影响

短日照（１０ｈ）长暗期（１４ｈ）生长条件下的农垦５８ｓ幼苗,暗期红光间断处理后４ｄ,其叶片细胞膜透性,外渗液中蛋白质、可溶性糖及脯氨酸含量明显比远红光处理的低。处于育性转换敏感期的叶片短日照（１０ｈ）处理１１ｄ后其细胞膜透性,４ｄ后外渗液中蛋白质含量高于长日照（１４ｈ）处理的,而短日照处理的可溶性糖含量则低于长日照处理的。     

干旱冷凉区红芸豆施肥效应与养分吸收研究

应用“3414”试验方案,研究了干旱冷凉区红芸豆施肥效应及红芸豆养分吸收状况。结果表明：施肥处理红芸豆产量显著高于不施肥处理,以N2P1K1处理的红芸豆产量和产投比最高。施用氮、磷、钾肥增产率分别为16.4%、8.6%和12.7%,对产量影响依次为：N＞K＞P。三元二次方程拟合结果表明,本试验条件下,氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥最佳经济施肥量分别为99.0、140.6、108.0 kg/hm2。红芸豆生育期地力贡献率为75.7%,供试土壤肥力中等,施肥效果明显。合理施肥可促进红芸豆对N、P和K的吸收。     

红提葡萄栽培技术探析

本文结合红提葡萄的特征特性,从建园、定植、夏剪、施肥和灌溉、花果管理、主要病害防治、越冬防寒与刨土几个方面分别阐述红提葡萄栽培技术。     

草莓红中柱根腐病菌生物学特性研究

针对国内尚未见报道的茄腐镰孢菌引起的草莓红中柱根腐病,对其病原菌的生物学特性进行了初步研究.试验结果表明,病原菌在供试的6种碳源培养基和9种氮源培养基上生长均较良好,而在L-精氨酸上生长较慢.病菌菌丝在10～35 ℃范围内均能生长,最适生长温度为25℃;菌丝生长的pH值为3～12,最适pH为7.光照对菌丝生长影响不大.病菌分生孢子在供试的6种营养物质中均能萌发;萌发温度10～35 ℃,最适温度为27℃;pH值2～12范围内病菌孢子均能萌发,最适pH值为6;分生孢子致死温度为62℃、10 min.