退化红壤区植被恢复过程夏季土壤水分时空变异格局动态

用经典统计学和地统计学方法,对比分析江西泰和退化红壤丘陵区重建森林及自然恢复草地15 a、25 a土壤(0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层)水分空间变异格局。结果表明：在恢复初期,重建森林和自然恢复草地土壤水分较为均匀,随着恢复年限的增加,土壤水分逐渐增加,且离散程度存在不同程度的提高和中等程度变异; 重建森林及自然恢复草地土壤水分分布呈正态分布,均能较好的拟合成球状模型(决定系数均> 0.804),数据表现出明显的空间自相关,具有一定的空间变异特征,变异来源主要以土壤母质、地形等引起的结构性变异为主。从时间序列上看,恢复25 a土壤水分块金值、基台值、块金系数均显著增大,总的变异性增加,且由随机因素造成的变异比重加大; 从土层角度来看,同一恢复年限内,自然恢复草地基台值上层(0~20 cm)>下层(20~40 cm),块金值、块金系数则表现为上层 < 下层,下层土壤水分随机变异强于上层。重建森林的3个指标均表现为上层>下层,且表层随机性变异更大; 随恢复时间增加,森林表层土壤水分空间异质性程度加大,斑块更为破碎化,自然恢复草地0~20 cm和20~40 cm两土层变程均显著变大,土壤水分空间延续范围变大; 增加取样密度和加大研究尺度更能揭示退化红壤区土壤水分空间变异特征。     

赤泥不同施用量对镉污染稻田水稻光合特性及产量的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了赤泥不同施用量对镉污染稻田水稻光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明:赤泥施用量为50 g/盆时水稻产量达到最高,其主要作用是促进了水稻有效穗形成,提高了千粒重、结实率和每盆粒重等产量相关性状。同时得出:利用赤泥修复酸性土壤镉污染能改善稻田土壤生态环境,可实现水稻增产,但赤泥施用量要考虑水稻生长特性和栽培环境,适量施入。     

紫甘薯红色素提取技术的研究

以紫甘薯为原料,研究了溶剂浸提法、超声波萃取法和微波萃取法对紫甘薯红色素的提取效果。结果表明:溶剂浸提法虽提取率较高,但提取时间较长;超声波萃取法的提取率较低;微波萃取法是一种较好的提取方法,在1.0%的柠檬酸水溶液,料液比1:40,微波辐射功率700W,辐射时间45s的条件下,提取3次,提取量可达到9.469mg.g-1。     

玉米自交系K 12花丝红色基因的分子标记

利用自交系K12和琼68的1套分离群体对玉米红花丝基因进行了遗传分析,发现K12的红花丝由1对显性基因控制,利用数量性状和质量性状基因定位的方法将K 12中控制红花丝的基因定位在第10染色体上,与SSR引物um c 1576的遗传距离为3.0 cM.     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Light-Sensitive Red-Root Mutant in Rice

The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 μmol/(m2·s), then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 μmol/(m2·s), suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of ...     

Proteins and Carbohydrates from Red Seaweeds: Evidence for Beneficial Effects on Gut Function and Microbiota

Based on their composition, marine algae, and namely red seaweeds, are good potential functional foods. Intestinal mucosal barrier function refers to the capacity of the intestine to provide adequate containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules. Here, we will first outline the component of seaweeds and will summarize the effects of these on the regulation of mucosal barrier function. Special attention will be paid to unique components of red seaweeds: proteins and derived peptides (e.g., phycobiliproteins, glycoproteins that contain “cellulose binding domains”, phycolectins and the related mycosporine-like amino acids) together with polysaccharides (e.g., floridean starch and sulfated galactans, such as carrageenans, agarans and “dl-hybrid”) and minerals. These compounds have been shown to exert prebiotic effects, to regulate intestinal epithelial cell, macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation and to modulate the immune response. Molecular mechanisms of action of peptides and polysaccharides are starting to be elucidated, and evidence indicating the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), Toll-like receptors (TLR) and signal transduction pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB or AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) will also be summarized. The need for further research is clear, but in vivo experiments point to an overall antiinflammatory effect of these algae, indicating that they can reinforce membrane barrier function.     

河北省武安国家森林公园地衣调查初报

对采自武安国家森林公园地衣种类进行了鉴定与分类,初步确定地衣15属21种,其中河北省地衣新记录种1种：裂果双缘衣Diploschistes actinostomus（Pers.）Zahlbr.,并对21种地衣的基物、地理分布特点以及新记录种的形态特征作了初步的讨论。     

南方酸化红壤钾素淋溶对施石灰的响应

为探究石灰施用的长期和短期效应对酸化红壤钾素的影响,依托始于1990年的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益监测长期定位试验,选取化肥氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施+半量秸秆还田(NPKS)及其增加常量石灰(NPL、NPKL、NPKSL)6个处理。室内土柱淋溶试验设置0 L、0.5 L、1 L和1.5 L石灰施用量,监测田间和淋溶后0～50 cm土层速效钾和缓效钾含量、pH及淋溶液中钾离子(K⁺)含量的变化。结果表明:1)施用石灰4年后,与NPKS、NPK、NP相比,各处理均增加了相应土层的缓效钾含量;NPKSL和NPL处理分别增加了0～40 cm和0～10 cm速效钾含量,增幅分别为2.06%～36.39%和27.26%。2)石灰施用量相同,各处理土壤累积K⁺淋溶量由大到小依次为NPKS处理、NPK处理和NP处理。施用石灰减少了NPKS和NPK处理淋溶液中累积K⁺含量,降幅为18.10%～57.70%,且K⁺淋溶率也下降。3)施石灰提高了表层土壤pH;土壤中钾素盈余情况下,石灰当季施用量每增...     

离子强度和三氧化物对土壤吸附Bt毒素的影响

Chemical reactions and fate of the toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt) in the soil environment are causing increasing concerns due to the large-scale cultivation of transgenic Bt plants.In this study,the effect of ionic strength(0-1 000 mmol kg 1) adjusted by NaCl or CaCl 2 on adsorption of Bt toxin by a lateritic red soil,a paddy soil and these soils after chemical removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides,as well as by pure minerals(goethite,hematite and gibbsite) which are widespread in these soils,were studied.The results indicated that when the supporting electrolyte was NaCl,the adsorption of Bt toxin by the lateritic red soil and paddy soil increased rapidly until the ionic strength reached 250 mmol kg 1 and then gradually slowed down with the increase of ionic strength;while in case the supporting electrolyte was CaCl 2,the adsorption of Bt toxin enhanced significantly at low ionic strength(< 10 mmol kg 1) and then decreased as the ionic strength increased.The adsorption of Bt toxin by the tested minerals and soils after the removal of organic-bound or free Fe and Al oxides also increased with increasing ionic strength controlled by NaCl.Removing organic-bound Fe and Al oxides obviously increased the adsorption of Bt toxin in the tested soils.Differently,removing free Fe and Al oxides increased the Bt adsorption by the paddy soil,but decreased the adsorption by the lateritic red soil.The study indicated that the varieties of ionic strength and the presence of Fe and Al oxides affected the adsorption of Bt toxin by the soils,which would contribute to the further understanding of the fate of Bt toxin in the soil environment and provide references for the ecological risk assessment of transgenic Bt plants.     

河北省燕山区板栗害虫调查初报

１９９７￣１９９９年,在河北省燕山板栗产区的遵化、兴隆、迁西等县（市）进行了板栗害虫的调查。经采集、饲养、现场拍照,结合有关资料鉴定、整理,初步确定板栗害虫、害螨共有１２９种,隶属于６个目４６个科。