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61.
62.
以绣球属种间杂交膨大蒴果为材料,采用显微镜观察和组培的方法,研究了绣球属种间杂交胚拯救的时期。结果表明:胚和种子呈卵形,黄褐色或褐色,表面具有网状纹理结构;60 d胚龄的胚透明度明显降低,90 d时种脐区域颜色加深。种间杂交的胚个数随着胚龄的增长呈下降趋势。组合21-6的萌发数在胚龄为62~93 d时相对较高;组合21-7和21-9的萌发数在62~80 d左右时较高。组合21-6的萌发率随着胚龄的增长呈先上升后下降的趋势;组合21-7的萌发率在60~80 d时较高;组合21-9的萌发率在62~93 d时相对较高。综上,在62~80 d胚龄时,进行绣球属种间杂交胚拯救效果较好。 相似文献
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目的观察半边莲生物碱对肾性高血压大鼠内皮素1 mRNA表达、蛋白合成和释放的影响。方法采用两肾一夹高血压大鼠模型,随机分为高血压组、半边莲组、卡托普利组和假手术组。用原位杂交技术观察大鼠外周血白细胞内皮素1 mRNA的表达,应用免疫组织化学染色计数大鼠主动脉内皮细胞铺片内皮素阳性细胞率(反映内皮素1蛋白的合成),用放射免疫技术测定大鼠血浆内皮素的含量。结果与假手术组比较,高血压组外周血白细胞内皮素1mRNA表达增强(34.64%±8.39%比9.34%±4.47%,P<0.05),动脉内皮细胞合成内皮素增多(7.42%±0.24%比1.58%±0.24%,P<0.05),血浆内皮素水平显著升高(221±24ng/L比138±19ng/L,P<0.05)。应用半边莲生物碱8周后,与高血压组比较,内皮素1 mRNA表达(20.38%±11.31%比34.64%±8.39%,P<0.05)、内皮素合成(3.53%±0.21%比7.42%±0.24%,P<0.05)和血浆内皮素水平(191±21ng/L比221±24ng/L,P<0.05)均受到显著抑制。结论肾性高血压大鼠伴有内皮素表达增强,半边莲生物碱能抑制内皮素基因的转录、蛋白合成及翻译,对防治肾性高血压所致的血管病变具有一定作用。 相似文献
65.
In Slovenia, the Adriatic basin inhabited by native marble trout (S. marmoratus), and the Danubian basin inhabited by native Danubian lineage of brown trout (S. trutta) have been intensively affected by stocking with non-native trout strains. In order to assess spread of non-native strains and their introgression with native trout, a population study based on five microsatellite loci was applied across ten marble and ten brown trout populations, ranging from allegedly non-introgressed to heavily managed. On the basis of correspondence analysis, which revealed three clear groupings consisting of the Danubian and Atlantic lineages of brown trout and the marble trout, the alleles, characteristic of each grouping were identified and used for estimating genetic composition of each population according to the three possible origins. Among the wild populations, five marble and one brown trout populations were found to be pure; all the others were introgressed with exotic alleles (Atlantic and marmoratus alleles in the Danubian basin and Atlantic and Danubian in the Adriatic basin) that markedly dominate in intensively managed populations. As revealed by non-significant FIS values, panmixia between native and introduced fishes has for the most part already been reached. Our research showed that it is not only marble trout whose identity is endangered in Slovenia but also the existence of autochthonous Danubian brown trout is critically compromised, which is new information to be taken into account for local trout conservation. 相似文献
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Two subspecies of Coturnix coturnix have allopatric distributions in Europe, Maghreb and western Asia (the Common quail C. c. coturnix), and in eastern Asia (the Japanese quail C. c. japonica), except for sympatric breeding areas in the Baikal (Russia) and Kentei (Mongolia) regions, where they could hybridize. Japanese quails have been reproduced in captivity for centuries and domesticated. Massive releasing of Japanese domesticated quails, or hybrids, in west European countries might threaten with hybridization the gene pool of wild quail populations. Here, we used mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA markers (microsatellites), and Bayesian admixture analyses aiming to assess subspecies distinction and identify hybrids in wild and captive-reared quails. A phylogenetic tree identified two major mtDNA clades, corresponding to the two subspecies, and allowed detecting 12 hybrids in wild Common quails sampled in Spain. Additional hybrids were identified in wild quails sampled in Spain, Italy and Senegal using microsatellite markers. Wild quails sampled in Mongolia showed japonica mtDNAs, but their microsatellite genotypes were admixed, suggesting that Common and Japanese quails can hybridize in nature. Some captive-reared stocks of Japanese quails were also admixed. Introgression of domesticated Japanese quail genes in wild Common quail populations might affect the phenotypic expression of functional traits, as body size, feather colours, sexual calls and migratory behaviours. Hence, restocking with captive-reared non-native quails should be banned. 相似文献
68.
Natural populations of the common quail Coturnix coturnix may hybridize in the wild with non-native individuals (Japanese quail Coturnix japonica or hybrids) as a result of restocking for hunting purposes. Several laboratory studies suggest that this could lead to a decline in the impulse to migrate in the common quail, and a drop in the frequency of phenotypes showing this tendency. This could lead to an increase in common quail populations in North Africa and a decrease in Europe. This paper provides new data on the proportion of hybrids in Catalonia (Northeast Spain) over 24 years (1983-2006) showing how restocking with Japanese quail or hybrids affects native populations of common quail. The first hybrids were detected in 1990 with an estimate of 4.65% of non-native individuals during the breeding season of wild common quail populations. No increase in non-native or hybrid numbers was detected during the study period, indicating that restocking poses no serious conservation problems at present. However, this may change in the near future, either with or without changes in the current scenario. A prudent policy with regard to restocking with non-native individuals is suggested. Moreover, further studies are needed to clarify the extent of this conservation problem. 相似文献
69.
The ability of 13 Nemesia species (six annual and seven perennial) to sexually hybridize was investigated. Six of the perennial Nemesia species investigated were inter-fertile with one another. Two of the annual species, N. macroceras and N. strumosa, were inter-fertile. Thirty three crosses were successful and resulted in viable seeds. The analysis of meiotic chromosome behaviour in interspecific hybrids indicated that Nemesia chromosomes in different parental species were homeologous. No evidence of chromosome inversions or chromosome translocations was observed during meiosis in interspecific hybrids between the six perennial Nemesia species. In the hybrids produced between N. macroceras and N. strumosa, a quadrivalent was observed during meiotic metaphase I, indicating that these two species differ by a reciprocal translocation. A successful hybridization was made between N. anisocarpa (annual) and N. foetans (perennial), producing two triploid hybrids. In the unsuccessful crosses, pollen tubes were observed entering ovaries and ovules, suggesting that post-fertilization barriers were preventing sexual hybridization. Many of these crosses produced nonviable, shrunken, empty seeds, suggesting that endosperm breakdown and embryo abortion prevent interspecific hybridization in unsuccessful crosses. The manipulation of ploidy levels in N. fruticans and N. strumosa and tissue culture of N. strumosa × N. fruticans ovules failed to overcome post-fertilization barriers between these species. 相似文献
70.