Improving Drought Tolerance of Rice by Designed QTL Pyramiding

Drought is the most important factor limiting rice yields in the rainfed areas of Asia. To overcome the problem, we developed a new strategy ＇designed QTL pyramiding＇ to more efficiently develop drought tolerant （DT） rice cultivars. In the first phase of this strategy, we developed large numbers of introgression lines （ILs） in elite backgrounds using backcross （BC） breeding, each of which carries multiple genomic segments for improved DT from a known donor. Then, we genotyped all ILs with SSR markers to track the genomewide pattern of introgression in the DT ILs of 16 BC populations derived from crosses between 2 recipients （IR64 and Teqing） and four different donors. X^2 tests and linkage disequilibrium analyses of introgression in the DT ILs revealed significant frequency shifts at many loci across the genome and non-random associations at the multilocus level as a result of selection for DT in the ILs, which led us to the discovery of putative genetic networks underlying DT in the ILs. The networks each containing all DT loci detected in ILs from a BC population showed some interesting features.     

Mapping QTLs for Yield Stability in Durum Wheat Grown under Different Water Regimes

Among the most important Mediterranean annual crops, durum wheat is widely grown in drought-prone areas. Therefore, improving water-use efficiency （WUE） of durum wheat represents a major breeding goal. IDu-WUE （Improving Durum wheat for Water Use Efficiency and yield stability through physiological and molecular approaches） is a collaborative project among public and private research centres in Italy, Spain and WANA （West Asia and North Africa） countries （Morocco, Tunisia, Syria and Lebanon） funded by the European Union aimed at investigating the genetic variation for WUE and yield stability in durum wheat grown in Mediterranean droughtprone areas. During the first year of the project, a number of morpho-physiological traits （e.g. early vigour, flowering time, leaf rolling, number of fertile tillers, etc.）, WUE, WUE-related traits （e.g. carbon isotope discrimination, canopy temperature, chlorophyll fluorescence, etc.）, yield and its components have been investigated in a RIL population （249 lines） and a collection of ca. 190 durum wheat accessions characterized by a high level of linkage disequilibrium （Maccaferri et al., 2005）,     

植物耐盐性及其生理生化指标的研究进展

本文综述了盐渍化的现状、植物耐盐途径、作用机理和如何提高植物耐盐性与选育耐盐植物方法等方面的内容,并论述了植物耐盐的生理指标的鉴定。     

不同耐旱性玉米根系解剖结构比较研究

以大田生长的不同耐旱性玉米品种为试验材料,采用徒手切片法和常规石蜡制片法对玉米的初生根和各层次生根的基部、中部和根毛区显微结构进行了系统研究和比较.结果显示:与不酎旱品种玉米的根系相比,耐旱玉米的初生胚根的皮层细胞层数较少,木质部导管数量较多、导管直径较小;各层次生根的皮层细胞层教相对较少,木质部导管数量相对较多,导管直径相对较小.     

昆虫病原线虫JLSY 003的鉴定及其生物学特性测定

经28S rDNA和ITS序列分析,从吉林省松原市土样中分离到的昆虫病原线虫JLSY 003为Oscheius myriophila品系.本研究以大蜡螟末龄幼虫为寄主,测定该线虫的生物学特性.结果表明,JLSY 003浓度为80IJs/larva时具有较高的侵染力,致死中时间LT50为15.409 h,侵染24、48h...     

马铃薯耐霜冻研究进展

综述国内外马铃薯耐霜冻的研究成果,包括马铃薯霜冻害机理、耐冻性鉴定、耐冻性遗传和QTL定位以及提高耐冻性的有效措施等方面的研究进展,并提出了今后马铃薯耐霜冻研究值得深入探讨的问题。     

玉米品种的耐瘠性研究

选取贵州地区广泛种植的具有较好耐瘠高产特性的12个玉米品种,利用在中低肥力土上筛选出耐瘠性强的品种和在高肥力土上展现出较高的产量空间的方法,采取与生产相近的条件,筛选出了适合黔中地区推广的耐瘠优质的玉米品种遵玉8号、农大108和黔单16号等.利用耐瘠与不耐瘠玉米在主要性状上的对比鉴定,找出了与玉米耐瘠相关的根数、根系体积、根重和地上部鲜重等几个指标,为耐瘠玉米的评价建立了一定的基础.     

盐胁迫对杂交稻隆两优华占及其亲本种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

以杂交稻组合隆两优华占及其2个亲本隆科638S和华占为试验材料,萌发期设置6个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.2％、0.4％、0.6％、0.8％、1.0％和1.2％)和苗期设置3个NaCl质量分数梯度(0.4％、0.8％和1.2％)来模拟盐胁迫试验,以清水为对照,分析盐胁迫对杂交稻及其亲本种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明,...     

耐低温耐低氧萌发野败不育系赣野A的选育

赣野A是江西省农科院水稻研究所将东乡野生稻的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力导入抗稻瘟病保持系赣香B后再与赣香A测交和回交育成的野败型三系籼稻不育系.该不育系败育彻底,异交结实率高,配合力较强,具有较强的耐冷性和耐低氧萌发能力,在直播杂交稻育种中应用前景广阔.2019年通过了江西省品种审定.     

花生种子吸胀期间耐低温性及其与品质性状的相关研究

利用55份花生种子进行低温吸胀萌发试验,统计露白率及芽长/种长,筛选耐低温种质,并通过近红外光谱技术测定油酸、亚油酸、棕榈酸、脂肪、蛋白质及蔗糖含量,分析花生种子吸胀期间耐低温性与各项品质性状之间的相关性.结果表明:参试花生种质在2℃96h低温胁迫条件下,露白率≥80%的种质有3份、80%＞露白率≥70%的种质有3份、...