大花香水月季再生体系的初步建立

 以大花香水月季（Rosa odoratavar. gigantea）为材料,研究了影响愈伤组织诱导和分化的因素,包括不同生长调节剂浓度和组合、暗培养时间等。结果表明,以带有腋芽的茎段为外植体,MS为基本培养基,腋芽萌发的最适激素浓度组合为6-BA 1.5mg/L+NAA0.12mg/L;最适诱导愈伤培养基为MS+2,4-D 4.0mg/L,诱导率为93.33%;最适诱导不定芽培养基为MS+TDZ 3.0mg/L+GA3 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.1mg/L,暗培养15d,再生率为18%。本研究通过间接器官再生途径初步建立的大花香水月季植株再生体系,为利用外源基因对月季进行遗传改良奠定了基础。     

枣球蜡蚧在新疆的分布、寄主及危害特点

该文记叙了国内森林植物检疫对象枣球蜡蚧Ｅｕｌｅｃａｎｉｕｍｇｉｇａｎｔｅａ（Ｓｈｉｎｊｉ）在新疆维吾尔自治区的传入历史、分布、寄主和危害特点等。     

几种常用中草药对皱纹盘鲍摄食行为的影响

通过实验观察了皱纹盘鲍对党参、黄芪、当归、白术、白芍、麦芽、莱菔子、神曲、山楂、鸡内金１０种中草药的摄食行为反应,发现均未对皱纹盘鲍产生驱避效应,其中山楂还表现出诱食活性。结果表明这１０种中草药均可作为皱纹盘鲍的饲料添加剂。     

皱纹盘鲍血细胞活性氧产生的研究↑（*）

在体外条件下用不同刺激物(海洋酵母细胞和酵母聚糖)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞进行刺激,测定血细胞吞噬活动中经历呼吸爆发产生活性氧的化学发光反应。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍血细胞经刺激诱导吞噬活动中有明显的呼吸爆发现象和很强的活性氧产生。不同的刺激物产生的化学发光强度不同;同一种刺激物的不同处理和不同浓度对血细胞产生活性氧的化学发完强度的影响不同。刺激物经皱纹盘鲍自体血清调理和未经调理对血细胞刺激所产生的化学发光强度不同。SOD和NaN3对血细胞吞噬过程中活性氧产生的化学发光有抑制作用。皱纹盘鲍血细胞在吞噬防御反应中能够通过产生活性氧对外源病原进行杀灭。     

皱纹盘鲍与光棘球海胆越冬期筏式混养的初步研究

实验分越冬前期和越冬后期两个阶段进行。越冬前期鲍与海胆在生长方面的结果无显著差异,但混养可防止苔藓虫的附着,海胆的混养效果以２０个／格略好;越冬后期海胆混养的密度则以５个－１０个／格为最佳,混养可有效地防止多种敌害生物附着。     

九孔鲍人工育苗试验

报告了我国北方沿海地区利用电厂冷却海水进行九孔鲍人工育苗的试验。试验结果表明;九孔鲍在繁殖匀性及其育苗技术工艺条件等方面与我国以往的皱纹盘鲍常规育苗方法有较明显的差别,必须采取与之相应的技术手段。利用余热水在大连地区进行九孔鲍人工繁殖是可行的。     

Use of macroalgae supplemented with probiotics in the Haliotis rufescens (Swainson, 1822) culture in Northern Chile

In this study, we evaluate the use of macroalgae as vectors of probiotics bacteria into the digestive tract of abalone to improve their survival and growth. It is shown that when abalone Haliotis rufescens of different sizes were fed with a natural diet composed of fronds of the macroalga Macrocystis integrifolia supplemented with a mixture of Vibrio sp. C21‐UMA, Agarivorans albus F1‐UMA and Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA bacteria, there was a significant increase (P<0.05) in the average monthly growth rate and survival (%)in a period of 210 days, compared with the control without a probiotic supplement. The permanence of the probiotics in the digestive tract of the animals was monitored, and it was found that the number of culturable C21‐UMA and F1‐UMA bacteria decreased significantly (P<0.05) in recently weaned and adult abalone, and they almost disappeared completely on day 19 of the bioassay. However, the culturable Vibrio sp. F15‐UMA disappeared completely from the digestive tract on day 22 of the bioassay, and these were the bacteria that remained at the highest concentration compared with the other two bacterial strains over the experimental period. It is therefore shown that it is feasible to use a probiotic mixture to improve the profitability of the H. rufescens culture.     

Karyotype analysis of interspecific hybrids between Haliotis rufescens and Haliotis discus HANNAI

Evidence of hybridization in Haliotis has been mainly supported by hatchery experiences and collection of wild hybrid abalones among several species from natural populations worldwide. However, despite the importance to understand the role of the hybridization process through Haliotidae evolution, and also its impact on the abalone aquaculture, genetic studies in hybrid abalones have been poorly developed. Herein, cytogenetic approach allows studying the genetic conformation in hybrid organisms at the chromosome level. This paper reports a quantitative karyotype analysis in Haliotis rufescens, Haliotis discus hannai and their interspecific hybrid. Thus, to characterize chromosome pairs and establish cytogenetic comparisons, chromosome banding with distamycin‐A/4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole fluorochromes and morphologic measurements were performed. The results showed that the hybrids are successfully viable and their karyotypes evidenced a conservative chromosome number of 2n=36. The karyo‐idiogram showed a high correspondence in chromosome pair morphology among the hybrids and their parental species, except for a single heteromorphic pair that corresponds to the chromosome 16 from H. rufescens andH. d. hannai respectively. The implications of the abalone hybrid viability derived from its chromosome composition are discussed.     

2种底栖硅藻饲养杂色鲍幼体和稚贝的饵料效果

用羽纹藻（Pinnularia sp．）、简单双眉藻（Amprhoraexigua）、羽纹藻和简单双眉藻混合（混合组）作为饵料,以自然海区采集的硅藻作对照,研究其对杂色鲍（Haliotisdiversicolor）幼体和稚贝成活和生长的影响,确定人工分离的2种硅藻的饵料效果。结果表明,2种底栖硅藻在杂色鲍育苗中具有一定的饵料价值。饵料种类对不同规格杂色鲍的成活率和生长影响显著,并且2个观测指标的结果相同。幼体羽纹藻组、简单双眉藻、混合组3组间的成活率、生长无显著差异,但都明显比对照组低;稚贝简单双眉藻、混合组和对照组无显著差异,羽纹藻组显著比对照组低。