皱纹盘鲍肽聚糖识别蛋白在免疫防御中的作用

本研究从皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)中鉴定并克隆了一种肽聚糖识别蛋白(PGRP),命名为HdPGRP。HdPGRP的cDNA全长为1467 bp,共编码354个氨基酸,其中含有1个信号肽(1~18氨基酸)、1个SH3b结构域(93~160氨基酸)、1个PGRP结构域(179~322氨基酸)和1个Ami_2结构域(191~332氨基酸)。此外,在HdPGRP序列中发现了4个保守的Zn2+结合位点(H209、Y255、H318和C330)以及5个保守的酰胺酶催化位点(H209、Y255、H318、T328和C330)。经多序列比对和系统发育树分析,表明HdPGRP属于短型PGRP家族成员。在健康鲍鱼中,hdpgrp主要在肝胰腺中表达,其次依次在血细胞、外套膜和鳃中。在鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)刺激后,血细胞中的hdpgrp表达量在72 h内呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在24 h表达量达到最高。SDS-PAGE结果显示,重组HdPGRP (rHdPGRP)的分子量为30 kDa。rHdPGRP表现为Zn2+依赖酰胺酶活性,可催化降解不溶性肽聚糖。此外,rHdPGRP对革兰氏阳性菌藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)具有显著的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用可能与其酰胺酶活性有关。本研究表明,HdPGRP在机体抵御入侵细菌等免疫防御中起重要作用。     

皱纹盘鲍在转口期阶段肠道菌群结构演替研究

转口期是皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)早期育苗的重要时期,本研究结合16S rDNA高通量测序和生物信息学技术,分析皱纹盘鲍转口前(T0)、转口后第4天(T4)、第10天(T10)、第35天(T35)和第40天(T40)的肠道菌群结构和多样性。结果显示,皱纹盘鲍T35和T40的肠道菌群多样性低于T0和T4。主成分分析(PCA)显示,T0~T4、T35~T40肠道菌群结构相似度高,T10属于转口期肠道菌群演替变化的过渡阶段。鲍转口期肠道内优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes);优势菌属在转口期不同阶段呈现明显的变化,到后期逐渐趋于稳定。Lentilitoribacter是T0和T4的主要优势菌属;到了T10,弓形菌属(Arcobacter)和弧菌属(Vibrio)的相对丰度增加,Lentilitoribacter减少;在转口后期(T35和T40),弧菌属和Formosa则占绝对优势。LEfSe分析共获得59个生物标志物,各个组的生物标志物与其阶段的优势菌群相对应。共发生网络图结果显示,T35阶段的网络关系最为复杂,皱纹盘鲍肠道菌群之间的关系随着转口期的进行发生改变。Tax4Fun功能预测显示,随着转口期的进行,稚鲍肠道菌群所编码的基因多与代谢有关。本研究首次以微生物学的角度揭示了转口期皱纹盘鲍对饵料的适应机制,为皱纹盘鲍的健康养殖奠定了理论基础。     

2种养殖模式对鲍营养成分与低温胁迫响应的差异比较

为研究不同养殖模式中的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)的营养成分与低温胁迫响应的差异,采用南北接力养殖鲍和北方底播养殖鲍作为研究对象,于2021年9月取样测量了肌肉组织中的总糖、蛋白质、有机物总量和氨基酸含量等营养成分和低温胁迫下的耗氧率和心率等生理指标。结果显示,底播养殖个体的总糖含量为(3.20±0.00)%、有机物总量为(27.60±3.70)%、必需氨基酸含量为(4.19±0.09)%,均显著高于南北接力养殖的个体(P<0.05)。低温胁迫条件下,南北接力养殖和底播养殖个体的耗氧率分别为(0.017±0.006)和(0.018±0.009) mg/(g·h),无显著差异(P>0.05);然而,底播养殖个体的心率为(12.82±1.72) BPM,显著低于接力养殖个体[(18.11±2.79) BPM] (P<0.05)。研究表明,不同养殖模式显著影响皱纹盘鲍养殖个体的营养价值及其响应低温胁迫的生理过程,底播养殖个体有着更高的营养价值和低温耐受能力。此外,心率可作为高敏感性的指标应用于研究鲍等贝类响应低温胁迫的生理机制。     

甘肃省庆阳市夜蛾科4个新纪录种记述

报道了甘肃省庆阳市鳞翅目夜蛾科4个新纪录种宏遗夜蛾(Fagitana gigantea Draudt)、肖毛翅夜蛾(Lagoptera juno Dalman)、干纹冬夜蛾(Staurophora celsia Linnaeus)、黄紫美冬夜蛾(Cirrhia togata Esper),并对其形态特征进行了描述。     

Habitat of endangered white abalone, Haliotis sorenseni

Surveys with a submersible at offshore islands and banks in southern California found that white abalone were most abundant at depths between 43 and 60 m. This is deeper than estimates taken when white abalone were more abundant. Densities were highest at sites far from fishing ports. Controlling for depth and site found that white abalone were significantly more abundant in areas with Laminaria farlowii (an alga) but abalone were not associated with areas high in the cover of other algae (Pelagophycus porra or Eisenia arborea) or the amount of sand in the habitat (except that abalone always occurred on rock). Within an area with abalone, the particular rock they occurred on was significantly larger than unoccupied neighboring rocks. Occupied rocks were not significantly different in algal cover or in sea urchin density than unoccupied neighboring rocks. The position of abalone on a rock was nearer to the rock-sand interface than would be expected based on a random distribution. More white abalone were feeding when in association with red urchins, perhaps because both grazers capture drift algae to eat. These data may aid future efforts to locate white abalone brood stock and identify locations for outplanting.     

南方鲍藻混养技术研究及其效益分析

在福建省莆田市南日东岱海区,利用现有海藻养殖设施,进行海藻与皱纹盘鲍混养周年试验.结果表明：海区筏式单养、混养生长率无显著差异,但混养的成活率、肥满度比单养分别高8%、2.24%;2种养殖模式的投入产出比分别为1∶1.62、1∶1.9.同时,鲍和海藻处在海洋生态系统的不同生态位,互利共生,促进海洋生态系统物质良性循环.     

A novel konjac glucomannan–xanthan gum binder for aquaculture feeds: the effect of binder configuration on formulated feed stability,feed palatability and growth performance of the Japanese abalone,Haliotis discus hannai

As part of a programme to develop sustainable diets for macroalgivores, a 3‐month experiment was conducted to determine the effects of konjac glucomannan–xanthan gum (KX) binder configuration on formulated feed stability, feed palatability and growth performance of juvenile, hatchery‐reared, Haliotis discus hannai. This study was conducted in a recirculation facility in which four KX binder configurations were evaluated in a series of isonitrogenous experimental feeds and freshly harvested Laminaria digitata was included as a natural feed type. Dry matter leaching of the experimental feed treatments was assessed with no significant difference in the dry matter leaching between treatments observed. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in percentage survival, daily food consumption (DFC) and linear growth rate (LGR) between treatments. Food conversion efficiency (FCE), specific growth rate (SGR) and body weight/shell length (BW/SL) ratio were significantly higher when offered L. digitata. Trends showed that the best performing KX feed in terms of FCE, LGR, SGR and BW/SL ratio was produced with the 2% KX; 1 : 1 binder.     

多层抽屉式循环水幼鲍养殖系统及养殖效果

为了提高皱纹盘鲍的养殖效果,该文设计了多层抽屉式循环水养殖幼鲍系统,分析了养殖期间系统的水质指标和耗能量,及不同养殖密度下幼鲍的生长率和成活率。结果表明,该系统适宜的幼鲍养殖密度为150个/屉(70cm×40cm×10cm/屉),为流水式养鲍密度的6～9倍。试验过程中水温、溶解氧、pH值、盐度、NH4+-N和NO2-N指标均达到幼鲍生长条件,NH4+-N和NO2-N体积质量基本稳定在0.023～0.065mg/L和0.014～0.041mg/L范围内。试验期间总耗电量为688.88kW·h,其中海水加热占总耗电量19.62%,相当于每天1.287kW·h耗电量,大约是流水式养殖加热耗能的1/7。该研究表明,多层抽屉式循环水养鲍系统是一种安全、高效、节能减排的养殖模式。该系统可供选择养鲍设施时参考。     

海南不同地理群体羊鲍18SrDNA的克隆与序列分析

[目的]对海南不同地理群体羊鲍18S rDNA进行克隆,并对其进行序列分析。[方法]采用分子生物学的方法,对海南不同海区的2个羊鲍地理群体18S rRNA基因全长进行克隆和序列分析,并将得到的羊鲍18S rRNA基因序列与同海域耳鲍的进行比较。[结果]同一地理群体内羊鲍核糖体18S rRNA基因序列完全一致;不同地理群体间羊鲍核糖体18S rRNA基因在碱基组成上的相似率为99.5%,仅在某些位点处发生了碱基替换,即腺嘌呤(T)被鸟嘌呤(G)替换;同时,将这两个不同群体中羊鲍的18S rRNA基因与同一海域耳鲍18S rRNA基因序列进行比较分析发现,它们之间也只是发生了碱基替换。[结论]为海南鲍鱼特别是羊鲍的遗传多样性、遗传结构、种质鉴定及其种质资源的保护和利用等方面的研究提供可靠依据。     

Cytogenetic Studies of Hybrids between Festuca gigantea Vill. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.

The meiotic behaviour of the hybrid between Festuca gigantea (2n – 6x = 42) and Festuca gigantea (2n = 6x = 42) indicates distinct structural differences between the two species. These differences are also apparent in the degree of chromosome pairing observed in Lolium multiflorum×F. gigantea compared with previous reports on the L. multiflorum×F. arundinacea hybrids. Although the L. multiflorum×F. gigantea 8x amphiploid com Dines the complementary characters of the two species and is agronomically interesting, there are some irregularities in meiotic behaviour that could affect the stability of the amphiploid. Seed fertility in the amphiploid is high and preliminary studies show evidence of a high degree of self-fertility. The pentaploid hybrid between autotetraploid L. multiflorum×F. gigantea is sufficiently fertile to be used as the pollen plant in crosses with diploid L. multiflorum (BC₁). Backcrossing the BC₃ hybrid to L. multiflorum results in mainly diploid progeny. The possibilities, of using this crossing scheme to introgress F. gigantea characters into L. multiflorum is discussed as an alternative approach to amphiploid breeding as a means o: combining specific complementary characters of the two species.