4种福建乡土竹种的纤维形态分析

对4年生大木竹、椽竹、苦绿竹、橄榄竹的纤维长度、纤维宽度进行了显微观测与分析,结果表明,4个竹种的平均纤维长度为2.12～2.58mm,属略长至甚长纤维范畴,平均纤维宽度在11.69～12.75μm,各竹种的纤维长宽比为160～220,均适用于制纸原料。纤维形态在竹秆的不同部位存在着差别,在纵向上,竹材中部的纤维较长,基部次之,顶部居三,而纤维宽度为基部中部顶部;在径向上,纤维长度为内部外部,而纤维宽度的差异不明显。     

Cryopreservation of sperm in farmed blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach, 1814)

This study developed a technique of sperm cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen (LN) vapour in farmed blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra through evaluating the following five key factors: (1) cryoprotectant agent (CPA) toxicity; (2) cooling temperature; (3) thawing temperature; (4) sperm to egg ratio and (5) sugar addition, using sperm motility or fertilization rate as quality assessment indicators. The results demonstrated that 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was the best single CPA for sperm cryopreservation in this species. The highest post‐thaw sperm motility was achieved when sperm were exposed to LN vapour for 10 min at 5.2 cm above the LN surface and thawed at 60°C and recovered at 16°C in seawater baths. Post‐thaw sperm motility was found to be significantly higher when 6% DMSO was used in combination with 1% or 2% glucose than 6% DMSO alone. Further evaluation of fertilization rate between these CPAs showed that 6% DMSO+2% glucose achieved the highest fertilization rate of 70% at a sperm to egg ratio of 10 000:1.     

西藏巨柏双向电泳叶片总蛋白提取方法优化

为了获取高质量的西藏巨柏叶片蛋白质,分别采用酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮法和改良的TCA丙酮法3种方法对西藏巨柏叶片进行总蛋白的提取,同时利用蛋白试剂盒(The2-DQuantKit)对蛋白质的浓度和纯度进行了分析测定,并通过蛋白质斑点数量及分布特征,最后确定了最佳蛋白提取方法。结果表明:对样品研磨的精细程度、丙酮清洗沉淀次数等操作细节均能影响提取结果,同时采用改良的TCA丙酮法提纯后的结果最佳。说明改良的TCA丙酮法可应用于西藏巨柏叶片后续的蛋白质组学研究。     

密度及饵料对鲍苗生长与成活率的影响

研究了后期面盘幼虫不同采苗密度、不同底栖硅藻与稚鲍不同培育密度,对鲍苗的生长与成活率的影响。认为最佳采苗密度应为2万个／m2后期面盘幼虫;当地底栖硅藻混合种的饵料效果优于纯种,剥离后稚鲍的培育密度不直超过4000粒／m2。在640m2水面中有出壳长1．2～1．5cm鲍苗201．6万粒,平均出苗量3150粒／m2。专家鉴定认为,本课题在皱纹盘鲍不同育苗密度、不同饵料对育苗效果的研究方面居国内领先水平。     

Effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Eight isoenergetic (18.15–18.61 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (29.00–29.78% protein) diets, supplemented with 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% cholesterol were evaluated. Juvenile abalone (initial weight: 0.67–0.72 g) were reared in a flow-through water system for 24 weeks. During the feeding trial, water temperature was maintained at 14–17 °C, salinity 31–33, pH 7.4–7.9. Abalone fed diet without cholesterol supplementation had the lowest weight gain ratio (WGR, 356.70%). Survival ranged from 98.52 to 100.00% and was not significantly different among treatments. There were no significant effects of dietary cholesterol on composition and cholesterol concentration in the muscle and viscera of abalone. Based on data of WGR using broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone was found to be 0.23%.     

Effect of dietary protein and temperature on the growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris)

The protein requirements for optimal growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) under different water temperatures were investigated. Six diets with different crude protein amounts (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45%) and two temperature regimes (13–21 and 8–16 °C) were used to culture juvenile abalone over a 4‐month period. Growth (shell lengths and animal weights) and health (survival, activity and mucous production) parameters were recorded for animals within all protein and temperature combinations. Proximate analyses and amino acid profiles were also performed on the diets, soft bodies (including gonad), and shells to evaluate the overall nutrient contents (diet and animal) and requirements (animal). The results indicate that the protein requirements for juvenile H. iris are higher when the environmental temperatures are low. Thus, increasing the dietary protein level results in better growth [i.e. increase in soft body (including gonad) crude protein and mean protein gain] and health (i.e. more goblet cells and thicker epithelial layers). Results from amino acid profiles in abalone soft bodies (including gonad) and shells show that these parameters did not change considerably with different dietary protein levels, but temperature did affect the concentration of several amino acids in both soft bodies (including gonad) and shells.     

健康和患病稚黑鲍中微生物产胞外酶的分析比较

2005年初自福建漳浦鲍鱼场患病以及健康稚黑鲍中各分离到27和56株异养细菌,在此基础上研究了它们产胞外蛋白酶、淀粉酶、明胶酶、磷脂酶及溶血能力。结果表明,虽然来自健康鲍的菌株产胞外酶的数量明显大于来自病鲍的菌株,但来自病鲍的菌株具有强分泌胞外酶能力的比例明显大于来自于健康鲍的菌株。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,最后确认10株菌为潜在的致病菌。     

病毒感染后杂色鲍部分血清免疫因子的变化

对杂色鲍(HaliotisdiversicolorReeve)进行病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子SOD、ACP、AKP、MPO活性的变化,并对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,(1)注射病毒悬液组SOD活性变化为逐渐上升,至8h后达到最高点,然后逐渐下降;对照组SOD活力呈下降趋势,8h后上升,12h后恢复至初始水平,二者结果差异均为显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01)。(2)注射病毒悬液组ACP与AKP活性的变化为:36h前变化不大,48h后明显上升;对照组ACP和AKP活性变化不大,二者结果除了第48小时外,差异均不显著(P>0 05)。(3)注射病毒悬液组MPO活性在第1小时内上升,然后逐渐下降,第8小时下降到最低点,随后逐渐上升;对照组在第1小时内下降,然后逐渐上升,第12小时升至最高点,然后逐渐下降,48h后与正常鲍活性基本一致。t检验显示,这两组结果在第1、4、8、24、36、48h差异显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01),在第2、12小时差异不显著。结果显示,在人工感染病毒48h内,杂色鲍体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD活性降低,ACP及AKP活性显著升高,MPO活性显著升高。     

水源水处理技术在九孔鲍苗种生产中的应用研究

本研究将海水水源水处理技术应用于九孔鲍苗种培育生产中,连续三年每个年度育苗均获成功,累计培育出商品鲍苗116.18万粒。而仅使用常规砂滤海水培育鲍苗的对照组,相同的季节在不同场所用相同的管理办法,采苗后15~40天,鲍幼体全部死亡。因此,认为水源水处理的海水培育鲍苗是稳定生产的关键。