氟苯尼考对杂色鲍的急性毒性及组织毒理学

研究了氟苯尼考(florfen icol)对杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolorReeve稚鲍96 h的急性毒性,其LC50为(162.67±17.41)mg/L(95%置信限)。稚鲍中毒后的临床症状为:分泌大量黏液,附着力明显减弱,内脏团膨大,对外界刺激反应迟钝,呈麻痹状。组织切片观察结果表明:鲍消化腺和肾脏损伤严重,其它器官未见明显病变;随着浸浴时间和药物浓度的增加,消化腺中消化细胞空泡化,并与嗜碱性细胞逐渐从基膜脱落解体,管间结缔组织胶原纤维断裂,呈弥散状广泛坏死;肾腔上皮细胞萎缩,与基膜分离,腔体变小,微绒毛脱落,中毒严重时,肾上皮细胞融合,核解体消失。     

皱纹盘鲍与日本西氏鲍杂交育苗技术的初步研究

利用从日本引进的西氏鲍,与我国北方产皱纹盘鲍进行了杂交育苗试验,使杂交鲍苗越冬后成活率提高,生长快,抗病力强,显示出了良好的生产性状和一定的杂交优势。     

Protective effects of dietary selenium on abalone Haliotis discus hannai against the toxicity of waterborne cadmium

This study was conducted to investigate protective effects of dietary selenium (Se) on abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino against the toxicity of cadmium (Cd). A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted with abalone (initial weight: 3.17 ± 0.01 g), which were exposed to 0.34 mg/L of waterborne Cd. During a feeding trial, abalone were fed graded levels of Se at 0.10 (controls), 1.31, and 4.20 mg/kg diet respectively. Results showed that there was no significant difference in specific growth rate and survival rate of abalone among the three treatments. Compared with the controls, dietary Se significantly decreased Cd concentrations in serum, muscle, mantle, gill, mantle, and hepatopancreas of abalone. Besides, compared with the controls, dietary Se significantly increased metallothionein concentration in the hepatopancreas of abalone. Additionally, compared with the controls, dietary Se significantly decreased concentrations of malondiadehyde and protein carbonyl in hepatopancreas of abalone. Meanwhile, compared with the controls, dietary Se significantly increased activities of glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase, and thioredoxin peroxidase, and concentration of glutathione in the hepatopancreas of abalone. Based on the data above, in abalone, dietary Se showed protective effects against waterborne Cd.     

Cryopreservation of sperm in farmed blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra Leach, 1814)

This study developed a technique of sperm cryopreservation using liquid nitrogen (LN) vapour in farmed blacklip abalone Haliotis rubra through evaluating the following five key factors: (1) cryoprotectant agent (CPA) toxicity; (2) cooling temperature; (3) thawing temperature; (4) sperm to egg ratio and (5) sugar addition, using sperm motility or fertilization rate as quality assessment indicators. The results demonstrated that 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was the best single CPA for sperm cryopreservation in this species. The highest post‐thaw sperm motility was achieved when sperm were exposed to LN vapour for 10 min at 5.2 cm above the LN surface and thawed at 60°C and recovered at 16°C in seawater baths. Post‐thaw sperm motility was found to be significantly higher when 6% DMSO was used in combination with 1% or 2% glucose than 6% DMSO alone. Further evaluation of fertilization rate between these CPAs showed that 6% DMSO+2% glucose achieved the highest fertilization rate of 70% at a sperm to egg ratio of 10 000:1.     

密度及饵料对鲍苗生长与成活率的影响

研究了后期面盘幼虫不同采苗密度、不同底栖硅藻与稚鲍不同培育密度,对鲍苗的生长与成活率的影响。认为最佳采苗密度应为2万个／m2后期面盘幼虫;当地底栖硅藻混合种的饵料效果优于纯种,剥离后稚鲍的培育密度不直超过4000粒／m2。在640m2水面中有出壳长1．2～1．5cm鲍苗201．6万粒,平均出苗量3150粒／m2。专家鉴定认为,本课题在皱纹盘鲍不同育苗密度、不同饵料对育苗效果的研究方面居国内领先水平。     

Effects of dietary cholesterol on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

An experiment was conducted to determine the dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Eight isoenergetic (18.15–18.61 kJ/g) and isonitrogenous (29.00–29.78% protein) diets, supplemented with 0.00, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90 and 1.05% cholesterol were evaluated. Juvenile abalone (initial weight: 0.67–0.72 g) were reared in a flow-through water system for 24 weeks. During the feeding trial, water temperature was maintained at 14–17 °C, salinity 31–33, pH 7.4–7.9. Abalone fed diet without cholesterol supplementation had the lowest weight gain ratio (WGR, 356.70%). Survival ranged from 98.52 to 100.00% and was not significantly different among treatments. There were no significant effects of dietary cholesterol on composition and cholesterol concentration in the muscle and viscera of abalone. Based on data of WGR using broken-line analysis, the optimal dietary cholesterol requirement of juvenile abalone was found to be 0.23%.     

Effect of dietary protein and temperature on the growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris)

The protein requirements for optimal growth and health of juvenile New Zealand black‐footed abalone (Haliotis iris) under different water temperatures were investigated. Six diets with different crude protein amounts (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 45%) and two temperature regimes (13–21 and 8–16 °C) were used to culture juvenile abalone over a 4‐month period. Growth (shell lengths and animal weights) and health (survival, activity and mucous production) parameters were recorded for animals within all protein and temperature combinations. Proximate analyses and amino acid profiles were also performed on the diets, soft bodies (including gonad), and shells to evaluate the overall nutrient contents (diet and animal) and requirements (animal). The results indicate that the protein requirements for juvenile H. iris are higher when the environmental temperatures are low. Thus, increasing the dietary protein level results in better growth [i.e. increase in soft body (including gonad) crude protein and mean protein gain] and health (i.e. more goblet cells and thicker epithelial layers). Results from amino acid profiles in abalone soft bodies (including gonad) and shells show that these parameters did not change considerably with different dietary protein levels, but temperature did affect the concentration of several amino acids in both soft bodies (including gonad) and shells.     

健康和患病稚黑鲍中微生物产胞外酶的分析比较

2005年初自福建漳浦鲍鱼场患病以及健康稚黑鲍中各分离到27和56株异养细菌,在此基础上研究了它们产胞外蛋白酶、淀粉酶、明胶酶、磷脂酶及溶血能力。结果表明,虽然来自健康鲍的菌株产胞外酶的数量明显大于来自病鲍的菌株,但来自病鲍的菌株具有强分泌胞外酶能力的比例明显大于来自于健康鲍的菌株。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,最后确认10株菌为潜在的致病菌。     

病毒感染后杂色鲍部分血清免疫因子的变化

对杂色鲍(HaliotisdiversicolorReeve)进行病毒悬液和PBS(对照)注射感染,研究其血清免疫因子SOD、ACP、AKP、MPO活性的变化,并对实验结果进行统计学分析。结果表明,(1)注射病毒悬液组SOD活性变化为逐渐上升,至8h后达到最高点,然后逐渐下降;对照组SOD活力呈下降趋势,8h后上升,12h后恢复至初始水平,二者结果差异均为显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01)。(2)注射病毒悬液组ACP与AKP活性的变化为:36h前变化不大,48h后明显上升;对照组ACP和AKP活性变化不大,二者结果除了第48小时外,差异均不显著(P>0 05)。(3)注射病毒悬液组MPO活性在第1小时内上升,然后逐渐下降,第8小时下降到最低点,随后逐渐上升;对照组在第1小时内下降,然后逐渐上升,第12小时升至最高点,然后逐渐下降,48h后与正常鲍活性基本一致。t检验显示,这两组结果在第1、4、8、24、36、48h差异显著或极显著(P<0 05或P<0 01),在第2、12小时差异不显著。结果显示,在人工感染病毒48h内,杂色鲍体内的免疫因子发生了明显的变化,血清中SOD活性降低,ACP及AKP活性显著升高,MPO活性显著升高。