九孔鲍育苗池附着基上底栖微藻群落及其多样性

2006年9月14至10月26日对福建省漳浦县下蔡九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)育苗池进行定点采样。检测结果共鉴定底栖微藻24属62种,其中硅藻21属59种,绿藻、蓝藻和褐藻各1种。附着基上底栖微藻的优势种有12种,全部为硅藻,如盾卵形藻微小变种(Cocconeis scutellum var.parva)、小形舟形藻(Navicula parva)、咖啡双眉藻(Amphora coffeaeformis)、琴式菱形藻(Nitzschia panduriformis)等。优势种的优势度突出。常见种有25种,少见种有27种。优势种和常见种多是能够适应底栖环境的种类。附着基上底栖微藻种类及多样性指数育苗早期波动大,后期逐渐稳定,底栖微藻多样性指数平均为0.980～1.959,结果表明,底栖微藻群落结构的演变与鲍幼体摄食活动有很大的相关性。     

人工养殖七彩神仙鱼性腺发育的研究

七彩神仙鱼是一种名贵的观赏鱼,近年来市场需求量不断增加,研究其性腺发育规律将为该鱼的人工繁殖研究提供理论依据.对人工养殖七彩神仙鱼的性腺发育进行了形态学观察,并通过常规石蜡切片对其性腺发育进行了组织学观察.结果表明,七彩神仙鱼的卵巢发育可分为6期,卵子的发生可划分为5个时相.卵巢中卵母细胞的发育存在高度不同步性,这与其分批非同步产卵的特点相一致.人工养殖条件下,9月龄雌鱼的卵巢可发育到第Ⅳ期,达到性成熟.七彩神仙鱼的精巢为小叶型.精巢发育也可分为6期,精子的发生经历精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞和精子5个阶段.人工养殖条件下,10月龄雄鱼的精巢可发育到第Ⅴ期,达到性成熟.雌鱼的性成熟比雄鱼早1个月.七彩神仙鱼经过多代人工驯化饲养后雌鱼的繁殖能力有所增强.     

Shelter selection by juvenile Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) as a function of food distribution and water flow velocity

Juvenile Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) are currently reared in land‐based aquaculture systems until they reach the necessary size for seeding in the sea. One problem that this industry faces is that an uneven distribution of juveniles in tanks can lead to variations in the growth rate. Understanding the cues that affect the sheltering behaviours exhibited by juvenile Pacific abalone—namely, the food distribution and the water flow velocity—will help optimize abalone culture settings. In this study, a group of 1,000 juvenile Pacific abalone (distributed across three tanks) was visually observed and enumerated during six experiments that were conducted over a 5‐month study period. It was found that juvenile Pacific abalone preferred to shelter close to food sources when the food was unevenly distributed. When the food was evenly distributed, the juveniles tended to avoid areas of rapid water flow and distributed evenly across the sheltered areas receiving the equal water velocity. This distribution might be the confounding effects between water flow velocity and food stimulus. Based on these findings, it was recommend that the food and water velocity be evenly distributed in an abalone aquaculture system.     

杂色鲍肌肉萎缩症的组织病理学研究

[目的]阐明杂色鲍肌肉萎缩症的致病机理。[方法]采用组织病理学的方法,以正常样品作为对照,对中国南方患肌肉萎缩症杂色鲍的不同组织进行了病理学观察。[结果]患病杂色鲍腹足、外套膜、鳃、肝胰腺和肠道均呈现不同程度的病理变化,病理特征主要表现为：腹足肌纤维变性、坏死,外套膜上皮脱落,鳃叶肿胀、血细胞浸润,肝细胞脱落、坏死,肠绒毛变短。[结论]此研究描述了杂色鲍肌肉萎缩症的病理变化特征,为弄清其发病机制提供理论依据。     

鲍采苗板上底栖硅藻种类变化的观察

底栖硅藻作为鲍幼体的前期饵料,其种类与质量对鲍人工育苗的成败起着至关重要的作用,其种类适宜且数量充足可以延长鲍幼体的附着变态率,延长在板时间,实现剥离大规格苗种,达到提高成活率的目的。据报道在底栖硅藻自然种群中,以小型的卵形藻(Cocconesp.)和舟形藻(Naviculasp.)的     

温度胁迫对皱纹盘鲍生理和生化活动的影响

为探讨温度胁迫下皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai Ino)的响应机制,采用室内控温实验,通过设置4个温度梯度(5℃、10℃、20℃和25℃),设计温度骤变处理组(皱纹盘鲍从15℃暂养温度直接转移至各实验温度)和温度缓变处理组(0.5℃/12 h),分析温度剧烈变化和温度缓慢变化对皱纹盘鲍耗氧率和排氨率的影响及其差异性;并对高温和低温处理下皱纹盘鲍消化腺中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和溶菌酶(LSZ)活性的变化情况以及不同组织(血细胞和肌肉组织)中Cu/Zn–SOD基因的表达状况进行了研究。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍耗氧率和排氨率随海水温度的升高而增加,20℃达到最高值;25℃骤变处理组与缓变处理组耗氧率和排氨率间存在极显著差异(P0.01)。5℃和10℃骤变处理组皱纹盘鲍氧氮比(O/N)同缓变处理组间存在极显著差异(P0.01)。在高温胁迫后的3 h,消化腺中SOD、CAT和LSZ活性达到最高,而ACP活性在胁迫6 h后达到最高(P0.01);低温胁迫显著降低皱纹盘鲍LSZ的活性,于胁迫9 h后达到最低(P0.01)。不同温度胁迫下,皱纹盘鲍血细胞和肌肉组织中Cu/Zn–SOD基因的相对表达量均表现上调,与对照组存在显著差异性(P0.05)。本研究表明,温度胁迫能显著影响皱纹盘鲍的生理和生化活动,这将有助于探讨皱纹盘鲍夏季高死亡率的原因,为皱纹盘鲍健康养殖提供一定的理论依据。     

Induction of triploidy in the South African abalone using cytochalasin B

An investigation into triploidy induction in the South African abalone, Haliotis midae, was conducted. It was found that 0.5 mg l–1 of Cytochalasin B (CB) in seawater induced triploidy when administered to coincide with the normal timing of the release of either polar body one (PB1) or two (PB2). This concentration of CB produced 70.9% triploid induction in the PB2 treatment and 48.4% induction at PB1. Significant numbers of tetraploid larvae were found in the PB1 treatment. These resulted from the presence of excess sperm (polyspermy) but only when CB was present. Although larval survival after triploid induction was lower than the control animals, it was considered high enough for use in commercial hatcheries. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998     

皱纹盘鲍淀粉酶和褐藻酸酶的研究

利用分光光度计比色法测定了２～３ｃｍ的皱纹盘鲍（ＨａｌｉｏｔｉｓｄｉｓｃｕｓｈａｎｎａｉＩｎｏ）的淀粉酶和褐藻酸酶的最适温度和最适ｐＨ以及１１种金属离子对其的影响。结果表明：最适温度分别为３０℃、３５℃,最适ｐＨ分别为６．２４、７．１９,在最适温度下的活化能分别为５．０３×１０４Ｊ／ｍｏｌ和１．３３×１０４Ｊ／ｍｏｌ;皱纹盘鲍的三种主要消化酶的活性依次为：褐藻酸酶＞蛋白酶＞淀粉酶。Ｃｕ２＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ａｇ＋、Ｐｂ２＋对淀粉酶活性具有显著的抑制作用,其他离子则具有促进作用,其中又以Ｍｎ２＋、Ｂａ２＋、Ｃａ２＋三种金属离子尤为突出,其促进作用比对照组高一倍以上。而对褐藻酸酶,Ｚｎ２＋、Ａｇ＋、Ｈｇ２＋、Ｌｉ２＋、Ｂａ２＋具显著的抑制作用,其他离子则没有作用。     

湛江东海岛鲍鱼养殖场水质分析

为了监测湛江东海岛鲍鱼养殖场的水质状况,2011年春季对湛江东海岛九孔鲍养殖场的水质进行采样分析,并应用单项指标评价和富营养化评价等方法,对水质状况进行了评价。结果表明,该养殖场水体采样点的水温为16.0～17.5℃,盐度是22,pH值在7.83～7.90之间,均符合我国第二类海水水质标准。各采样点的溶解氧(DO)和生化需氧量(BOD5)也符合第二类海水水质标准,但化学需氧量(COD)值在14.88～15.36 mg/L之间,与第二类海水水质标准相比严重超标;各采样点的无机氮(DIN)均以NO 3--N为主,DIN值在1.053～1.569 mg/L之间,DIN含量严重超过我国第二类海水水质标准。该养殖场水体属于氮富营养化。