Effects of temperature on growth of juvenile blackfoot abalone, Haliotis iris Gmelin

The effects of temperature on growth and survival of juvenile blackfoot abalone, Haliotis iris, were investigated. Animals of 10, 30 or 60 mm initial shell length were exposed to ambient (6–10°C), 14, 18, 22 and 26°C for 112 days in a flow‐through culture system. Maximum growth occurred at 22°C for the 10 and 30 mm size classes and at 18°C for the 60 mm size class. Regression analysis identified the optimal temperature for growth (T_optG) at around 21°C for the 10 and 30 mm size classes and at 17–18°C for the largest size class. In a second experiment, the critical thermal maximum of H. iris was determined as a measure of thermal tolerance. Abalone were subjected to increasing water temperatures at a rate of 2°C h^?1 until they detached from the substrate. Abalone of 10 mm displayed greater thermal tolerance than abalone of 30 and 60 mm in length. CT₅₀ temperatures were 28.8, 27.7 and 27.8°C, yielding deduced T_optG values of 19.7, 18.3 and 18.4°C for the 10, 30 and 60 mm size classes respectively. The size‐dependent nature of the relationship between growth and temperature could be capitalized upon in recirculating aquaculture systems.     

九孔鲍性腺发育过程中消化酶活力的变化

用酶学方法研究了性腺发育过程中九孔鲍肝胰腺和消化道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力的变化。试验结果表明,雌、雄九孔鲍各消化酶活力均随着性腺发育呈先升后降的变化趋势。在性腺发育早期和晚期酶活力较低,在性腺发育中期酶活力显著升高,且均在成熟前期达到最高值。九孔鲍繁殖期各消化酶的活力分布存在器官特异性和性别差异,九孔鲍的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力在各性腺发育期均表现为肝胰腺消化道,雌鲍雄鲍。同种消化器官内各消化酶的活力也存在差异,雌、雄九孔鲍繁殖期肝胰腺和消化道内各消化酶的最大活力均为:纤维素酶淀粉酶蛋白酶。     

引起南方九孔鲍苗大规模死亡的一株病原菌的分离鉴定及其致病性研究

从汕尾一鲍鱼场的变白掉板九孔鲍苗中分离到一批菌株,对其中的21号菌株进行了深入的研究。回归感染试验证明其为病原菌,API条带分析表明该菌为副溶血弧菌,药敏试验揭示该菌对诺氟沙星、阿米卡星、四环素、新生霉素、新霉素有抗药性,但对头孢唑啉、庆大霉素、氯霉素、多粘霉素敏感。     

养殖皱纹盘鲍人工育苗LED光质及光照时期优选

光照是影响水生生物生长发育和存活的重要环境因子之一。该文研究了不同光质(红光、橙光、白光、蓝光、绿光和黑暗环境)和光照起始阶段(分别从受精卵,担轮幼虫,眼点幼虫)对皱纹盘鲍幼虫生长发育和存活的影响。试验结果表明:在蓝、绿光以及黑暗环境下,幼虫的孵化率都超过80%,与红、橙、白光组相比差异显著(P0.05)。红、橙、白光下,幼虫的畸形率则均较高,且与其他光质组相比差异显著(P0.05)。而在红光下,幼虫的畸形率显著高于其他处理组(P0.05),超过10%。蓝光下,从担轮幼虫阶段起始光照,幼虫的变态率显著高于其他光质组。红、橙光和黑暗环境下,不同光照起始阶段幼虫的变态率均较低且没有显著性差异(P0.05)。从受精卵阶段起始光照,蓝光下幼虫的变态率显著高于其他光质组(P0.05),绿光和白光下幼虫的变态率也较高且二者间并没有显著性的差异(P0.05)。从受精卵阶段起始光照,蓝、绿光和黑暗环境下担轮幼虫的规格显著大于白、红光组(P0.05),且3种光质间并没有显著性的差异(P0.05)。蓝、绿光下,从担轮幼虫和面盘幼虫阶段起始光照,幼虫形成次生壳和变态时的规格显著大于从受精卵阶段起始光照组(P0.05),但从眼点幼虫阶段起始光照组,幼虫所需的变态时间显著长于从受精卵和担轮幼虫阶段起始光照组(P0.05)。因此,在皱纹盘鲍的幼虫培育过程中,选择蓝、绿光并且从担轮幼虫期起始光照对提高苗种孵化效率、增加单位水体产量和促进鲍育苗技术发展具有重要意义。     

皱纹盘鲍稚鲍对海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合胁迫的响应

为探究海水酸化与溴氰菊酯(DM)复合暴露对皱纹盘鲍稚鲍的毒性效应,采用3个pH值(8.1、7.7和7.4)和3个溴氰菊酯浓度(0、0.6和6.0μg/L)对稚鲍进行复合胁迫,并对贝壳微观结构与硬度、组织中抗氧化酶活性以及应激、凋亡相关基因表达量进行了检测。结果显示,经过海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合暴露31 d后稚鲍贝壳CaCO₃晶体沉积困难,文石板片变小并形成分散的板层堆叠,文石板片之间孔隙增大,并且伴随着贝壳硬度的显著降低。同时,海水酸化与溴氰菊酯能够引起稚鲍组织抗氧化酶活性的改变,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随着pCO₂与溴氰菊酯浓度的上升而持续降低,并且在海水酸化与溴氰菊酯复合暴露下稚鲍SOD活性明显低于单一暴露物,说明海水酸化与溴氰菊酯对稚鲍SOD活性的影响具有明显交互作用。在相同pH暴露下,溴氰菊酯能够使稚鲍过氧化氢酶(CAT)与谷胱甘肽-S转移酶(GST)活性显著上升。此外,实验还观察到了稚鲍组织中应激基因与凋亡相关基因表达量随着pCO₂与溴氰菊酯浓度的上升均有提高,并且海水酸化与溴氰菊酯暴露在HSP70、HS...     

九孔鲍鱼球状病毒病的诊断和防治报告

1999～ 2 0 0 0年冬春季节。福建省东山、漳浦养殖九孔鲍鱼暴发急性、毁灭性传染病流行。经过一系列实验室检验和病例复制试验 ,证实它是由一种大小 5 0～ 80 x12 0～ 15 0 nm球状病毒侵袭鲍体所引起的。该病采取隔离消毒、净水养殖、药浴和饲喂药物饲料 ,可以起到很好的防制作用     

Abalone ranching: a review on genetic considerations

Haliotis L. (abalone) is an economically important genus comprising approximately 14 species with commercial value. Unfortunately, due to habitat destruction, overfishing and illegal harvesting, this wild resource is being depleted to unrecoverable status worldwide. To supply the world demand, abalone are cultured in artificial hatchery environments. In the past few decades, attention has been paid to use these artificial environments to the benefit of the species by implementing abalone ranching or reseeding. This is done in an attempt to rebuild the collapsed populations and to prevent further declines in fished stocks. In various countries in which commercial production is in operation, this has been attempted with various levels of success. For ranching to be successful, various factors, however, need to be considered, one of the most important probably being the correct genetic management of such a ranching programme. Genetic management should include using broodstock that are representatives of natural populations, minimizing the effects of hatchery practices on the genetic make‐up of the animals to be released and investigating the genetic impacts of this practice on wild populations. In this review, the genetic management and the effects if management is not implemented are discussed as well as the potential of molecular markers to be used as genetic tags in identifying hatchery‐reared animals.     

皱纹盘鲍性腺指数的游标卡尺测定法及其应用

皱纹盘鲍Haliotis discus hannai Ino性腺指数的测定，有用解剖性腺、并以几何或物理的手段比较出相对值这种经典方法，但实际应用中显得不够方便，而且生产上要求保留活体、连续测定、追踪观察和逐个选别，以便为育苗提供充分成熟的亲鲍。菊地等(1974)采用直观法将鲍性腺指数分为“0、1、2、3”四期，简便易行，不伤亲鲍，但不够连续，随意性大，失之粗略。