Effects of changing spatial scale on acoustic observations of patchiness in the Gulf Stream

We examine the influence of spatial scale on studies of nektonic patchiness at the north edge of the Gulf Stream by altering the grain size of acoustic cross sections and applying a patch-finding algorithm. From original pictures of 180 pixels deep by 540–1260 pixels long, we averaged depth and length, to give 9 scales ranging from fine grain (1 m vertical × 25 m horizontal sized pixels) to coarse grain (12 m × 300 m sized pixels). Measures of overall echo intensity within patches were the most predictable and showed little change with scale. Measures of variability of the echo within patches showed simple negative trends with scale and were best measured at fine spatial scales. Patch size and shape related variables have a more complex relationship with scale with differences between day and night transects more pronounced at intermediate scales. This suggests behavioral patch forming mechanisms within the nekton occur at a specific grain size (4 m vertical × 100 m horizontal) within the Gulf Stream front.     

广西北部湾生态安全屏障保护与建设

分析了北部湾生态屏障现存问题,提出对北部湾自然生态系统进行保护建设,对生境退化区、水源涵养区、水土保持区和防风固沙区等进行人工生态系统建设,对北部湾生态系统健康进行保障建设,以期构建一个人工和自然生态系统相结合的多层次的北部湾生态系统,并确保其长期健康、稳定和持续地发挥生态屏障作用,保障北部湾及其周边地区的生态安全。     

北部湾浮游幼虫群落结构及其环境适应性分析

根据1998年2月至1999年5月在北部湾海域按季度进行的4个航次生态、环境综合调查资料,本文研究了北部湾海域浮游幼虫的主要类群及其季节变动。结果表明:北部湾海域浮游幼虫主要有15大类群;其中4类(长尾类幼虫、短尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫)周年出现,其它为季节性出现。长尾类幼虫、口足类阿利玛幼虫、蛇尾类长腕幼虫、短尾类溞状幼虫、短尾类大眼幼虫及其它短尾类幼虫为优势类群。北部湾浮游幼虫的年丰度变化范围为0.02~7.65ind/m³,均值为0.50ind/m³,四季的丰度为夏季(0.86ind/m³)>春季(0.40ind/m³)>秋季(0.32ind/m³)>冬季(0.12ind/m³)。从春季到冬季整个浮游幼虫密集中心呈逆时针从湾的东北部向西北部海区移动,移至湾的中部后再返至西北部。K优势度曲线分析表明群落多样性由高到低依次为春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,总体上浮游幼虫群落多样性的季节差异不大。典范对应分析结果表明影响浮游幼虫栖息密度的主要因子是水温和pH,其次是盐度、溶解氧。     

中外农业保险模式及其对北部湾经济区农业保险的启示

概述了国内外农业保险模式,并对中外农业保险模式进行了比较,在此基础上,提出了国内外农业保险模式对北部湾经济区农业保险模式构建的经验启示：北部湾经济区发展农业保险应根据经济发展的实际情况;北部湾经济区农业保险应定性为政策性保险;政府应对农业保险给予全面支持;加快完善农业保险相关的法律体系。     

基于GIS的广西北部湾经济区生态系统间接利用价值评估研究

针对目前生态系统间接利用价值评估中缺乏空间表达、对数据要求高、评估效率低等不足,构建了基于GIS的广西北部湾经济区生态系统间接利用价值评估方法.2005 ～ 2010年北部湾经济区间接利用价值呈现上升趋势;按研究区域间接利用价值统计,价值最高的是南宁市辖区,价值最低是北海市辖区;按单位面积间接利用价值统计,上思县价值最高,北海市辖区最低;间接价值较高区域主要分布在较高植被覆盖度的区域,如南宁市辖区、钦州市辖区、灵山县、上思县和防城港市辖区.     

《中越北部湾渔业合作协定》对我国南海各省（区）海洋渔业影响的初步分析

在初步分析了《中华人民共和国政府和越南社会主义共和国政府北部湾 渔业合作协定》的签定背景和主要内容的基础上，本文针对我国在北部湾业现状，由此可能产生的影响以及应采取的对策进行了初步探讨，认为划界后，南海区将有大批渔船湾西部渔场退出，造成经济损失约99．3亿元，同时渔民转产难度较大，会对近海渔业资源造成更大压力，增大机动渔船禁渔区和禁渔期等制度实施难度。此外，由于渔船的装备和渔民的水平等，难以确切把握北部湾的分界线，容易造成纠纷。本文据此对我国在北部渔业管理中应注意的问题提出几点看法；（1）扩大宣传，提高全社会保护渔业资源的理解；（2）降低捕捞强度，继续调整作业结构；（3）调查渔业资源，合理制定资源开发，利用方案；（4）成立专门机构，统一贯彻落实新规定。     

贵州省红枫湖流域溪流级别、景观背景与水质的关系

选择红枫湖上游的夏云镇流域,研究不同溪流级别与溪流水质的关系。浑浊度、铵态氮含量与溪流级别存在较为明显的关系,总的来看,随溪流级别增加,溪流水浑浊度及铵态氮含量增加。在空间上表现为自上游至下游水质快速下降。未来应在加大水质监测密度的基础上,定量研究区分不同土地利用方式对水质的影响程度,为有效控制面源污染和治理红枫湖水环境提供基础依据。     

广西北部湾经济区生态承载力研究

基于生态足迹的基本理论方法,利用RS、GIS空间技术和手段,从图斑尺度对1990、2000、2005～2010年广西北部湾经济区生态承载力供给进行定量计算和空间格局分析.结果表明:广西北部湾经济区人均生态承载力从1990年的0.726 7 gha/cap,到2010年人均生态承载力减少到0.556 0 gha/cap,20年间人均生态承载力减少0.170 7 gha/cap.广西北部湾经济区生态承载力供给空间分布极不均匀,表现出明显的地带性与局地性,整体以大明山和十万大山为分隔带,两大山脉两侧生态承载力较高.     

Aerobic bacterial flora of the nasal cavity in Gulf of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups

Nasal swab samples from clinically healthy California sea lions pups (Zalophus californianus) from six different reproductive rookeries in the Gulf of California were collected to determine the type and frequency of the representative aerobic bacterial microflora of their nasal mucosa. A total of 114 samples were examined and 100 bacterial isolates were identified and typified by microbiological and biochemical standard tests. Fifty four isolates corresponded to Gram positive bacteria (54%) and 46 isolates to Gram negative bacteria (46%). Fifteen bacterial genera were identified, including Micrococcus, Arcanobacterium, Corynebacterium, Moraxella, Neisseria, Escherichia, Kurthia, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Klebsiella, Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas and Aeromonas. The most frequently isolated genera were Moraxella (24%), Micrococcus (18%), and Corynebacterium (15%). These results show the presence in the nasal cavity of sea lions of several microorganisms. Although considered part of the normal microflora, they may also be opportunistic pathogens for their hosts and may act as a potential natural sentinel of environmental changes.     

Concentration variations of several ions in stream after a wildfire

In May 2006, a high intensity wildfire occurred in Songling forest region in Daxing＇an Mountains, China. The concentration changes of eight ions （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋, Cl^-, Br^-, NO3^- and SO4^2-） were measured in burned and tmbumed streams after fire from May to Oct., 2006. Results show that the most ions flux were higher in burned stream than that in unburned stream during the sampling period, and the greatest concentrations of most ions transported from burned stream occurred in July. After fire, the most amplitude chemical ion was Ca^2＋, whose average concentration was 5.50 mg·L^-1 higher than that in unburned stream, and the total concentration of every chemical ion presents a trend Ca^2＋〉SO4^2- 〉Na^＋〉Mg^2＋〉NO3^- . The average concentrations of Ca^2＋, SO4^2- , Na^＋＇Mg^2＋,NO3^- showed an increase trend, but those of K^＋, Cl^- , Br had a decreased trend. SO4^2- had the largest loss among these anions, followed by NO3^-. Overall, the increase degree of cation was greater than that of anion after burning.