青花菜新品种瑞绿6号的选育

瑞绿6号是以两个稳定的自交不亲和系02-1-3-4-2-2和03-6-4配制而成的青花菜杂交一代新品种。该品种生长势强、抗病性强,全生育期110～120 d,单球重0.62 kg左右,花球圆整、绿色、品质优良、商品性好,适合在长江中下游地区秋冬季栽培。     

羧甲基改性菊糖阻垢效果研究

[目的]研究羧甲基菊糖的阻垢效果。[方法]采用比较静态阻垢法对影响阻垢效果的羧甲基菊糖浓度、pH值、钙离子浓度、温度因素进行探索。[结果]试验确定最佳阻垢条件为:羧甲基菊糖用量16 mg/L、Ca2+浓度小于250 mg/L、pH为8.0、温度80℃,此时羧甲基菊糖的阻垢率为93.4%。[结论]为今后羧甲基糖的应用提供了参考。     

不同水平膨化血粉对雏鹅消化道微环境的影响

为研究不同水平的膨化血粉对雏鹅消化道微环境的影响,选取300只1 日龄雏鹅,随机分为3组,在日粮中分别添加1.5%、3.0%、4.5%的膨化血粉,组成3个日粮处理.分别对其胃内容物蛋白酶活性、胰腺消化酶活性、十二指肠内容物消化酶活性、盲肠微生物茵群数量进行了测定.结果表明,3种不同水平膨化血粉处理的消化酶活性依次为3....     

绿肥在现代农业中的作用分析

以国内绿肥历史资料、绿肥研究现状、河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所绿肥研究成果和实际调查结果为依据,分析了我国绿肥作物研究历史及取得的成果。阐述了绿肥在开辟有机肥源、改善生态环境、提高农产品品质、促进农牧业协调发展等方面的重要作用。     

滨海新区一次气旋型风暴潮的成因分析

从天气系统、数值预报、风暴潮增水特征等方面,对2008年8月22日滨海新区发生的一次风暴潮的原因进行了分析。分析表明,由于黄海气旋在东移过程中引起渤海偏东风,对滨海新区产生风增水,同时黄海北部的风增水造成的风暴潮波经渤海海峡呈逆时针传向渤海西岸堆积,并与天文高潮位叠加,实况潮位高达5.18 m。     

用微波消解-FAAS法测定商洛绿茶中微量元素

以硝酸-双氧水为消解液,采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法测定了不同产地商洛绿茶中6种微量元素(Se、Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg、Cu)的含量。结果显示:该方法的加标回收率为98.30%~102.40%,RSD为0.73%~2.81%。测定得到的绿茶样品中微量元素的含量分别为Se:2.63~5.23μg/mL;Fe:96.86~112.21μg/mL;Mn:193.44~231.18μg/mL;Zn:56.34~73.15μg/mL;Mg:164.53~183.92μg/mL;Cu:11.62~17.11μg/mL。     

退耕林地麻栎刺槐林壤中流及其磷素流失特征

为研究退耕还林后林地对壤中流磷素的调控效果,探究雨强对壤中流磷素流失的影响,选取鲁中南山区典型麻栎林、刺槐林和麻栎—刺槐混交林为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,采用模拟降雨试验方法,研究林地壤中流及磷素流失特征。结果表明:(1)林地壤中流占总产流的36.16%～46.93%,荒草地壤中流比例为18.58%,林地雨水下渗能力高于荒草地的,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林雨水下渗能力最好。随着雨强的增大,林地壤中流比例由54.34%减小到37.62%。(2)林地壤中流TP流失量低于荒草地的,为荒草地的45.88%～63.25%。林地TP总流失量比荒草地少55.32%～77.43%,与荒草地相比,林地对磷素的调控效果更优,其中麻栎—刺槐混交林的调控效果最好。随雨强的增大,林地壤中流TP流失量增加了0.68～1.33倍。(3)林地和荒草地的壤中流TP流失量占TP总流失量的12.12%～25.00%,壤中流TP流失在TP总流失中占据一定比例,在磷素流失中不容忽视。随着雨强增加,林地壤中流TP流失比例由30.66%下降到10.62%。研究成果对探究林地壤中流磷素流失规律和改善生态环境具有重要参考价值。     

绿肥还田对烟田土壤培肥和烤烟产量品质的作用

2006～2007年连续两年采用烤烟-绿肥轮作田间试验与室内分析方法,研究绿肥还田对土壤培肥和烤烟产量、品质的作用,取得良好效果。绿肥还田明显提高土壤有效磷钾养分含量。土壤速效磷以油菜区黑麦草区CK;土壤速效钾以黑麦草区油菜区CK。绿肥还田显著提高烟叶产量,改善烟叶品质。黑麦草区、油菜区分别比对照烟叶增产13.7%、16.4%,上、中等烟叶比例达90%以上。     

蒲河流域退耕前后降水和植被对土壤侵蚀变化的影响

为了定量评价退耕还林还草前后蒲河流域土壤侵蚀变化特征及降水和植被对土壤侵蚀的影响,运用修正后的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE模型)探讨1990—2019年流域土壤侵蚀变化,结合LMDI模型评估了1990—2000年、2000—2010年、2010—2019年3个时间段植被和降水对流域土壤侵蚀变化的影响。结果表明：30年来,流域侵蚀强度以微度和轻度侵蚀为主,而中度及以上等级的土壤侵蚀面积有逐渐减小的趋势;流域侵蚀情况总体持续向好,植被覆盖度与降雨侵蚀力相互作用驱动了研究区土壤侵蚀的动态发展;2000年以前,降水是影响土壤侵蚀变化的主导因素,随着退耕还林还草工程的实施,植被作用逐渐凸显。蒲河流域的退耕还林还草成效显著,是流域侵蚀防治的有效措施,应在侵蚀较强的流域中上游地区继续加强植被恢复措施。     

Sclerotium rolfsii dynamics in soil as affected by crop sequences

Crop rotation has been used for the management of soilborne diseases for centuries, but has not often been planned based on scientific knowledge. Our objective was to generate information on Sclerotium rolfsii dynamics under different crop or intercrop activities, and design and test a research approach where simple experiments and the use of models are combined to explore crop sequences that minimize Southern blight incidence.The effect of seventeen green manure (GM) amendments on sclerotia dynamics was analyzed in greenhouse and field plot experiments during two years. The relative densities of viable sclerotia 90 days after winter GM (WGM) incorporation were generally lower than after summer GM (SGM) incorporation, with average recovery values of 60% and 61% for WGM in the field, 66% and 43% for WGM in the greenhouse, and 162% to 91% for SGM in the greenhouse, in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Sclerotia survival on day d after GM amendment was described by the model S_f = S_i × exp(−b × d), relating initial (S_i) and final (S_f) sclerotia densities. Relative decay rates of the sclerotia (b) in SGM amended soil were largest for alfalfa (0.0077 ± 0.0031 day⁻¹) and sudangrass (0.0072 ± 0.0030 day⁻¹). In WGM amended soil, the largest b values were for oat (0.0096 ± 0.0024 day⁻¹), wheat (0.0090 ± 0.0024 day⁻¹) and alfalfa (0.0087 ± 0.0023 day⁻¹).The effect of three cropping sequences (sweet pepper–fallow, sweet pepper–black oat and sweet pepper–onion) on sclerotia dynamics was analyzed in microplot experiments, and the data were used to calibrate the model P_f = P_i/(α + βP_i), relating initial (P_i) and final (P_f) sclerotia densities. Median values for the relative rate of population increase at low P_i (1/α, dimension less) and the asymptote (1/β, number of viable sclerotia in 100 g of dry soil) were 8.22 and 4.17 for black oat (BO), 1.13 and 8.64 for onion (O), and 6.26 and 17.93 for sweet pepper (SwP).By concatenating the two models, sclerotia population dynamics under several crop sequences were simulated. At steady state, the sequence SwP–O–Fallow–BO resulted in the lowest long-term sclerotia density (7.09 sclerotia/100 g soil), and SwP–Fallow in the highest (17.89 sclerotia/100 g soil). The developed methodology facilitates the selection of a limited number of rotation options to be tested in farmers’ fields.