龙须菜对异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在评估龙须菜替代饲料中的菜粕对异育银鲫幼鱼消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化性能的影响,确定龙须菜的适宜替代范围。选取健康且规格一致的异育银鲫幼鱼450尾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复25尾,以不含龙须菜的基础饲料为对照组饲料,以3%（D1）、6%（D2）、9%（D3）、12%（D4）、15%（D5）龙须菜替代菜粕配制成的饲料为试验饲料饲喂试验鱼8周,所有饲料等蛋等脂,试验结束时测定各组异育银鲫消化吸收、免疫及抗氧化相关酶活性。结果显示,与对照组相比,投喂龙须菜饲料各组异育银鲫肝脏消化酶活性无显著差异（P<0.05）;D1组异育银鲫前肠碱性磷酸酶、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性,D1和D2组异育银鲫前肠γ-谷氨酰转肽酶活性显著升高（P<0.05）,D5组异育银鲫前肠脂肪酶、碱性磷酸酶活性和肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活性显著下降（P<0.05）;D1~D3组异育银鲫肾脏酸性磷酸酶活性、D2~D5组异育银鲫血清溶菌酶活性及D2、D3组异育银鲫血清总胆固醇含量和前肠总抗氧化能力显著升高（P<0.05）,而D5组异育银鲫血清总蛋白含量显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,饲料中添加3%~6%的龙须菜可在一定程度上提高异育银鲫消化吸收与免疫性能,当龙须菜替代水平达15%时,会对鱼体消化吸收和健康产生负面影响。     

江蓠及其共附微生物活性物质的研究进展

江蓠属于大型红藻,含有多种活性物质,具有营养保健功能。对江蓠及其共附微生物的活性物质研究进展进行了概述,旨在为开发利用江蓠资源提供理论基础。     

芋根江蓠和异枝江蓠早期腐解过程及其氮磷释放规律的研究

对芋根江蓠(Gracilaria blodgettii)和异枝江蓠(Gracilaria bailinae)进行了为期12 d的腐解过程比较研究。结果表明:(1)实验结束时,芋根江蓠、异枝江蓠腐解的时间分别为10 d、8 d,藻体失重率分别为22.52%、8.50%,2种江蓠均处于腐解早期阶段,腐解过程分先快后慢两个阶段,芋根江蓠腐解速率大于异枝江蓠。在腐解过程中芋根江蓠藻体丙二醛(MDA)含量大于异枝江蓠,但超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性小于异枝江蓠,说明芋根江蓠膜系统受损程度较大,对逆境胁迫的抗氧化能力较弱。(2)腐解过程中,营养盐释放规律为:TNTP,氮磷释放不同步,磷释放滞后;其中TN释放量为:芋根江蓠异枝江蓠;TP释放量为:芋根江蓠异枝江蓠。腐解水体中TN、TP含量为:芋根江蓠异枝江蓠。(3)芋根江蓠藻体含水率、C/N初始值高于异枝江蓠,前者分别为95%、52.11,后者为91%、24.01。综上所述,芋根江蓠腐解的时间较长,藻体失重率和分解速率较大,抗氧化能力较弱,TN释放量较多,所以芋根江蓠腐解的程度比异枝江蓠大;2种江蓠氮磷含量、抗氧化能力、藻体含水率和C/N不同可能是导致藻体腐解、氮磷释放差异的原因。     

江蓠生长环境因子适应度的研究

报道了江蓠对海水pH值、海水盐度、海水透明度和养殖用水排换量等4个相关因子适应性的研究结果,并着重提出了江蓠对这些相关因子的适应范围。     

细基江蓠对半封闭式拟穴青蟹养殖池塘水质的改善作用

为减少青蟹疾病爆发的风险、提高青蟹产量。从生态学角度出发,养殖后期在半封闭式青蟹养殖池塘中放养细基江蓠,结合水体理化因子、青蟹产量与存活率等指标探讨细基江篱对养殖水体的水质改善作用。结果发现：DO、pH分别在放养细基江蓠之后第10天、20天开始显著地高于同期的对照池塘,盐度从第20天开始显著地低于同期的对照池塘;NH4+、NO2-浓度从第10天开始低于同期的对照池塘,无机磷(IP)与化学需氧量(COD)指标由于起始浓度比对照池塘高,在整个监测期间基本一直高于对照池塘,但是,在第40天两口池塘的IP浓度的差异逐渐缩小。此外,拟穴青蟹的产量、存活率分别比对照池塘高出14.30 kg、2.23%,其他各品种的产量与存活率也均高于对照池塘。上述结果表明,细基江蓠改善了半封闭式拟穴青蟹养殖池塘的水质,降低了水体理化因子恶化的可能性,提高了青蟹与其他养殖品种的产量与成活率,使得控制、减少青蟹病害的发生成为可能,值得进一步地推广。     

A Correlation of Rapid Cardy Meter Sap Test and ICP Spectrometry of Dry Tissue for Measuring Potassium (K+) Concentrations in Pak Choi (Brassica Rapa Chinensis Group)

Nutritional status of vegetable crops is often monitored by analysis of dried plant tissues, which is costly and often time consuming. Two greenhouse trials were conducted, at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Magoon facilities, to evaluate the portable cardy ion meter (CIM) in determining potassium (K⁺) status in fresh petiole sap of pak choi as compared with standard laboratory methods. In the first greenhouse trial, three algae species (Gracilaria salicornia, Kappaphycus alvarezii, and Eucheuma denticulatum) were used to apply five rates of K⁺ (0, 84, 168,252, and 336 kg.ha^?1). The pak choi was directly seeded into 4 L pots and was grown in peat moss. In the second greenhouse trial, K+ was provided through Eucheuma denticulatum and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) at five rates (0,112, 168, 224, 280, and 336 kg.ha^?1) in peat moss and soil media. At harvest, K⁺ concentrations in fresh petiole sap were analyzed immediately with CIM and the dried samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) measurement. The results showed increase in leaf K+ content at higher rates and the maximum concentration of leaf K⁺ at 4500–5300 mg/L for sap and 8–9% for tissue was obtained when K⁺ was provided between 224 and 284 kg.ha^?1. There was a close correlation between the CIM readings and the ICP method (r = 0.8048 and 0.8314) from the first and second GH results, respectively. The results suggest that the CIM could be used for the rapid monitoring of the relative K⁺ status of plants. The data further suggested 4500–5000 mg K/L for fresh petiole sap and 7.5% K⁺ in tissue as critical levels for K⁺ concentration in pak choi.     

Enhancing Bioproducts in Seaweeds via Sustainable Aquaculture: Antioxidant and Sun-Protection Compounds

Marine macroalgae are considered an untapped source of healthy natural metabolites and their market demand is rapidly increasing. Intertidal macroalgae present chemical defense mechanisms that enable them to thrive under changing environmental conditions. These intracellular chemicals include compounds that can be used for human benefit. The aim of this study was to test cultivation protocols that direct seaweed metabolic responses to enhance the production of target antioxidant and photoprotective biomaterials. We present an original integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) design, based on a two-phase cultivation plan, in which three seaweed species were initially fed by fish effluents, and subsequently exposed to various abiotic stresses, namely, high irradiance, nutrient starvation, and high salinity. The combined effect of the IMTA’s high nutrient concentrations and/or followed by the abiotic stressors enhanced the seaweeds’ content of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) by 2.3-fold, phenolic compounds by 1.4-fold, and their antioxidant capacity by 1.8-fold. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) rose by 2.7-fold, and the chlorophyll and phycobiliprotein synthesis was stimulated dramatically by an order of magnitude. Our integrated cultivation system design offers a sustainable approach, with the potential to be adopted by emerging industries for food and health applications.     

不同产地及不同世代龙须菜可溶性总蛋白的差异表达初探

以采自广东、福建和青岛海域的龙须菜雌配子体、栽培和野生龙须菜为试验材料,比较了它们的形态和适应性差别,并研究了各样品可溶性总蛋白的表达情况.结果表明,这些样品之间不仅在形态和适应性方面有较大差异,而且至少有16种可溶性蛋白在它们之间差异表达,这为龙须菜遗传育种提供了更可信的分子标识.该方法有望成为比传统的形态鉴定和分子标记更简便、有效的含胶藻鉴定手段.     

龙须菜苯丙烷类抑藻活性物质的分离纯化及其对6种赤潮微藻的抑藻活性

采用溶剂浸提、液液萃取、硅胶柱层析和硅胶薄层层析等分离方法以及红外光谱、质谱和核磁共振谱等光谱技术,初次从龙须菜中纯化得到4种苯丙烷类化合物:邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol、7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol和对羟基苯乙醇,并进一步分析了此4种苯丙烷类化合物对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻、米氏凯伦藻、球形棕囊藻、东海原甲藻和中肋骨条藻生长的影响。结果表明,它们对以上6种赤潮微藻的生长表现出明显的选择性抑制作用。其中,邻苯二丙酸、gossonorol和对羟基苯乙醇表现出更为广泛的抑藻活性。比较此4种苯丙烷类化合物和重铬酸钾对赤潮微藻生长的半抑制效应浓度EC50-96 h,发现邻苯二丙酸对强壮前沟藻、赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,gossonorol和羟基苯乙醇对赤潮异弯藻和球形棕囊藻,7,10-epoxy-ar-bisabol-11-ol对赤潮异弯藻和米氏凯伦藻在生长抑制方面比重铬酸钾更具有优势。     

碱处理对中国江蓠属海藻所含琼胶的作用

本文分析了10种22份中国产江蓠样品碱处理前后所得琼胶的产率、凝胶强度、凝固点、融点、粘度及其硫酸基、半乳糖和3．6-内醚半乳糖的含量，为筛选适宜的种类作制造琼胶的原料提供依据。未经碱处理者，凝胶强度都很低，达不到商品要求。碱处理后，真江蓠、龙须菜和细基江蓠三种的凝胶强度大幅度上升，产率亦高，是极好的制造琼胶的原料。