水杨酸对龙须菜抗高温生理的影响

以龙须菜为材料,研究了不同浓度水杨酸对高温下龙须菜的生长速率、抗氧化酶、渗透调节物质、藻胆蛋白、叶绿素荧光特性和HSP70基因的影响。结果表明,水杨酸处理组不论是生长、酶活性和膜脂受损情况都不同程度优于对照组,其中5.0、10.0μg/mL处理组效果较好。10.0μg/mL水杨酸处理组效果最为明显,日生长速率与对照组相比增长了340%。在处理第3天,10.0μg/mL处理组各指标达到最大,SOD增长了74%,POD增长了70%,CAT增长了40%。脯氨酸和甘露醇分别增长了70%和26%。藻红蛋白增加了46.2%,藻蓝蛋白增长了40%。与对照组相比,MDA含量第1天下降最为显著,下降了10%。高温胁迫下,龙须菜叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、qP和ΦPSⅡ均明显降低,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)呈现先上升后下降的趋势。水杨酸处理能有效减缓5种龙须菜叶绿素荧光参数的降低程度。水杨酸处理后HSP70基因表达量较对照组低。本实验结果表明水杨酸具有增强龙须菜抗高温胁迫的作用。     

CO_2浓度对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长和光合特性的影响

比较了低CO_2浓度(充无CO_2空气,low CO_2,简称LC)、正常CO_2浓度(充正常空气,normal CO_2,简称NC)、高CO_2浓度(充正常空气+0.2%CO_2,high CO_2,简称HC)3种条件下细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilaria tenuistipitata var.liui Zhang et Xia)的特定生长率、光合色素含量、光合放氧速率和叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:培养6 d后,与NC组相比,LC组细基江蓠繁枝变型特定生长率(SGR)、100μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)光强净光合放氧速率及PSII最大光量子产率(Fv/Fm)均显著降低(P0.05);类胡萝卜素含量显著增加(P0.05);而藻红素、叶绿素a含量、PSII实际光量子产率(Fv/Fo)、快速光响应曲线初始斜率(α)、最大电子传递效率(ETR_(max))及半饱和光强(I_k)均无显著差异(P0.05)。与NC组相比,HC组细基江蓠繁枝变型的SGR、Fv/Fm及α显著增加(P0.05),藻红素含量显著下降(P0.05),而叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量、600μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)光强净光合放氧速率、Fv/Fo、α、ETR_(max)及I_k均无显著差异(P0.05)。与LC组相比,HC组细基江蓠繁枝变型的100μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)光强净光合放氧速率、SGR、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、α均显著增加(P0.05),而藻红素、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量却显著下降(P0.05),600μmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)光强净光合放氧速率、ETR_(max)、I_k无显著变化(P0.05)。对于细基江蓠繁枝变型,CO_2浓度升高降低了光合色素含量,同时提高了光系统光能转换效率,而对藻体饱和光强下净光合放氧速率的促进作用不显著。但是CO_2浓度升高却仍然可能通过降低无机碳利用的能量消耗及提高营养盐吸收利用而显著促进藻体的生长。比较不同CO_2浓度下细基江蓠繁枝变型生长和光合特性的差异,有助于初步揭示其对大气CO_2浓度变化的响应特征。     

饲料中添加龙须菜对眼斑拟石首鱼生长、脂肪酸组成、免疫及肠道的影响

为了研究添加龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）对眼斑拟石首鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus）生长、脂肪酸组成、免疫和肠道的影响,在饲料中分别添加0（对照组）、1%、2%、3%、4%和5%的龙须菜,饲养初始体质量（9.380.06）g的眼斑拟石首鱼8周。结果表明,添加龙须菜对鱼体成活率、增重率（WG）和特定生长率（SGR）均不存在显著性影响（P0.05）,但1%~4%组的增重率均高于对照组,1%组的饲料效率和特定生长率最高;所有龙须菜添加组全鱼脂肪酸中的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）均高于对照组,且添加量为5%时DHA显著高于对照组（P0.05）;肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性在4%组显著高于对照组（P0.05）;3%组肠道粘膜褶最高且组织状况最好。由此可见,饲料中添加龙须菜对眼斑拟石首鱼生长有一定的促进作用,且添加适量龙须菜可以改善眼斑拟石首鱼的肝脏和肠道健康,提高全鱼DHA含量。     

Evaluation of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Ulva rigida and Gracilaria cornea as dietary ingredients in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of three seaweeds Gracilaria bursa-pastoris (GP), Ulva rigida (UR) and Gracilaria cornea (GC) as dietary ingredients on the performance, nutrient utilisation and body composition of European sea bass juveniles. Six experimental diets were formulated to replace 5% (GP-5, UR-5, and GC-5 Diets) and 10% (GP-10, UR-10 and GC-10 Diets) fish protein hydrolysate (CPSP) by each of the three seaweeds. A control diet was used, without inclusion of any seaweed. Diets were fed to duplicate groups of 25 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (IBW = 4.7 g) for 10 weeks. Growth performance was only significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in fish fed the GC-10 diet, whereas the feed conversion ratio increased significantly in those fish. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and lipid were significantly lower in fish fed diet GC-10 relative to those fed the control diet. Carcass composition was similar among treatments, although fish fed GC-10 exhibited significantly higher ash content.The results obtained in this study suggest that the inclusion of G. bursa-pastoris (GP) and U. rigida (UR), up to 10%, can be considered as very interesting ingredients in diets for sea bass juveniles, as no negative consequences on growth performance, nutrient utilization or body composition were observed. On the other hand, the inclusion of G. cornea (GC) should be limited to 5% of the diet.     

Cultivation of Gracilaria (Rhodophyta) in shrimp pond effluents in Brazil

Shrimp aquaculture produces a large amount of waste, including nitrogen and phosphorus. To investigate the utilization of those elements as sources of nutrients for the growth of the red seaweed, Gracilaria sp. J. Agardh, an experiment in shrimp pond effluents was carried out over a period of 5 months. The biomass varied significantly (P < 0.01), reaching a maximum of 2540 g m^?2 and a minimum of 380 g m^?2. The mean was 1418 ± 708 g m^?2. The higher biomass values occurred during the first 15 days and sometimes exceeded the initial inoculum by 190%. According to the results, production of 23.93 t ha^?1 year^?1 (dry weight) can be expected. anova showed significant differences in RGR (relative growth rate) values (P < 0.05). RGR varied from 8.8% per day to 1.8% per day. The fluctuation of nutrients was mainly influenced by pond fertilization frequency, with NH₄ being the most abundant nutrient. Correlations between RGR and environmental parameters during the study period were not significant (P > 0.05). We conclude that Gracilaria sp. can be cultivated in shrimp ponds effluents. However, despite this relative success, it is necessary to perform some adjustments regarding the utilized cultivation technique.     

不同温度及二氧化碳浓度下培养的龙须菜光合生理特性对阳光紫外辐射的响应

为了研究不同温度及CO₂浓度下培养的大型海藻对紫外辐射的生理学响应,选取龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)作为实验材料。实验设置两个温度梯度(20 ℃和24 ℃),两种CO₂浓度(390 μL/L和1000 μL/L)以及3种辐射处理,即可见光(PAR)处理(滤除紫外线A(UV-A)、紫外线B(UV-B),400-700 nm)、可见光加紫外线A(PA)处理(滤除UV-B,320-700 nm)、PAB处理(全波长辐射280-700 nm)。结果表明,酸化、升温以及紫外辐射处理都未影响大型经济红藻龙须菜的叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素的含量。然而紫外辐射处理显著降低了龙须菜的有效光化学效率,其抑制水平在酸化处理的藻体中更为显著,并且随着温度的上升而进一步加剧;酸化与温度耦合使藻体对紫外辐射的敏感性增加,导致其较低的修复速率以及较高的损伤速率。     

江蓠的资源开发利用新进展

从江蓠对海水的生物修复,琼脂糖及江蓠保健食品的研究现状综述江蓠的资源利用新情况。     

不同环境因子对异枝江蓠的生长及生化组分的影响

分别测定了在不同温度(18、23、28、33、38℃)、不同盐度(13、18、23、28、33、38)和不同光强(3000、6000、9000、12000 lx)的培养条件下,异枝江蓠藻体的相对生长速率和生化组分的变化。实验结果表明,异枝江蓠适合生长温度为23-33℃,在此温度范围,藻体具有较高的相对生长速率(RGR),其藻胆蛋白和可溶性蛋白的含量较高,过氧化物酶(POD)的活力较低。异枝江蓠适合生长的盐度为18-28,异枝江蓠对低盐的耐受能力高于高盐,6000 lx是异枝江蓠的最适生长光强。     

中国经济海藻养殖技术概况与展望

我国是全球海藻生产和消费大国。当前,我国海藻养殖种类以海带、紫菜、江蓠和裙带菜等为主体,兼有小规模养殖的羊栖菜、鼠尾藻、麒麟菜、石花菜、礁膜、浒苔、长茎葡萄蕨藻等。海藻养殖方式包括浅海养殖、潮间带养殖和陆基养殖。近年来,在全球气候变化、海水污染、海岸工程等多重压力下,海藻养殖环境不佳,养殖病害多发;另外,海洋生态文明建设大背景下的近海水域利用政策变化,对海藻养殖产业及其养殖技术提出了新的要求与挑战。对我国海藻养殖技术进行回顾,总结经验、查找不足,提出新思路、新方法,以期为我国海藻养殖产业可持续发展提供支撑。     

碳源和氮源加富对脆江蓠生长及生化组分的影响

在实验室条件下研究了碳源(添加CO2)和氮源(添加Na NO3)加富对大型海藻脆江蓠(Gracilaria chouae)生长及其生化组成的影响。设置碳源加富(800μL/L CO2)和对照(400μL/L CO2)2个碳源处理组,氮源加富(100μmol/L、300μmol/L和500μmol/L 3NO?-N)和对照(10μmol/L3NO?-N)4个氮源处理组,每个处理3个重复。实验共进行10 d,测定不同处理组藻体的生长及可溶性总糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、藻红蛋白(PE)、叶绿素a(Chla)、总碳(TC)和总氮(TN)含量的变化。结果表明,碳源和氮源加富都会促进脆江蓠的生长,在800μL/L CO2和100μmol/L 3NO?-N处理组,脆江蓠的瞬时生长率(SGR)最大(11.70%/d);高浓度CO2会降低藻体SP、PE和Chla的含量,但提高了SS的含量;随着硝态氮浓度的增大,PE和SP含量逐渐增加,而SS含量逐渐降低,Chla含量没有明显变化。藻体的TN含量随着硝态氮浓度的增加而逐渐提高,而TC和C/N比值则呈现逐渐降低的趋势,并且藻体的TN和TC含量呈现出显著的负相关关系(P0.05)。本实验证实添加碳、氮会引起脆江蓠生长和生化组成的变化,但其能耐受较高的CO2浓度和氮浓度。