扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究初探

论述了扁蓿豆遗传多样性研究的依据,利用不同生境条件下生长的野生和栽培品种,采用形态标记、细胞标记、生化标记和分子标记的方法多方面地对扁蓿豆进行遗传多样性的研究。     

Responses in carcass lean pH at 24 hours post-mortem in lines of Large White pigs selected for growth rate on a fixed ration over a set time

A restricted maximum likelihood analysis applied to an animal model showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in pH value of the longissimus dorsi measured at 24 h post-mortem (pH24) between high and low lines of Large White pigs selected over 4 years for post-weaning growth rate on restricted feeding. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between pH24 and production and carcass traits were estimated using all performance testing records combined with the pH24 measurements (5.05–7.02) on slaughtered animals. The estimate of heritability for pH24 was moderate (0.29 ± 0.18). Genetic correlations between pH24 and production or carcass composition traits, except for ultrasonic backfat (UBF), were not significantly different from zero. UBF had a moderate, positive genetic correlation with pH24 (0.24 ± 0.33). These estimates of genetic correlations affirmed that selection for increased growth rate on restricted feeding is likely to result in limited changes in pH24 and pork quality since the selection does not put a high emphasis on reduced fatness.     

家禽MHC的结构与遗传效应

MHC是重要的免疫分子,能够稳定的遗传,并且与疾病有明显的相关性。研究家禽MHC分子特性是阐明机体免疫机制的重要途径之一。本文就家禽MHC基因结构与多态性、抗原递呈作用以及其与疾病和生产性能的相关性等方面进行了阐述。     

新疆库尔勒市区草坪植物多样性研究

在室内外调查研究的基础上，应用生物多样性基本原理，首次论述了库尔勒市区草坪植物区系、染色体遗传、生活型、生态型、植物景观和资源植物的多样性及其质量特征。结果表明，库尔勒市区草坪植物的多样性，在植物物种组成上，以人工栽培和引种为主，本土杂草为辅；在地理成分上，以本土地理成分为主，外引地理成分为辅；在染色体组型上，以单染色体组型为主，多染色体组型为辅；在生活型组成上，以木本植物为主，草本为辅；生态类型组成上，以中生为主，旱生为重要组成部分，湿、水生为补充；在植物景观组成上，以2、4、5要素景观为主，1、3要素景观为辅；在资源植物构成上，以环境和生产类为主，食用和特殊类为辅。     

贵州威宁黄牛线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列分析

为了解贵州威宁黄牛的遗传多样性及遗传背景，我们分析测定了19个个体线粒体DNA D-loop区序列。结果检测到8种单倍型，7种为普通牛血统的单倍型，1种为瘤牛血统的单倍型，表明威宁黄牛同时受普通牛和瘤牛的影响。本研究同时构建了19个威宁黄牛个体的系统发生树，结果发现它们明显分为普通牛血统单倍型组和瘤牛血统单倍型组两组。     

同工酶在西南地区野生狗牙根遗传多样性上的研究

对36份具有代表性的西南地区野生狗牙根材料采用同工酶进行遗传多样性研究,筛选出优良草坪草C1,C32,C9和部分优良育种材料,为西南地区狗牙根的开发利用及申报品种提供理论依据。     

披碱草属植物遗传多样性研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于披碱草属(Elymus L.)植物遗传多样性的研究现状和存在的问题,同时讨论了其作为重要种质资源的应用前景。     

草原红牛及其杂交群体中微卫星DNA多态性研究

选用草原红牛及其与利木赞牛的杂交后代66头作为试验牛群体,提取血液及肝脏基因组DNA,设计8对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,从分子水平上对草原红牛及其杂交群体8个位点的遗传多态性进行微卫星分析。结果表明,在草原红牛中,ETH225、IDVGA2、IDVGA46和IDVGA44等位基因数分别为5、4、3和4,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0．5420、0．6736、0．5218和0．5750,这4个位点均为高度多态。而另4个位点BM2113、BM1824、IDVGA55和TGLA44等位基因数分别,2、2、2和5,多态信息含量分别为0．3698、0．3604、0．3538和0．4708,属于中度多态性位点。在杂交牛群体中,BM2113、ETH225、IDVGA2、IDVGA46、ID- VGA44、BM1824、IDVGA55和TGLA44这8个位点的等位基因数分别为4、5、4、4、5、4、4和6,多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0．6432、0．5943、0．6593、0．5794、0．7259、0．6121、0．6120和0．6204,杂合度为0．7034,均属于高度多态性位点。这些微卫星位点作为遗传标记应用于草原红牛遗传育种研究之中是可行的。     

Bacteriophage OP1, lytic for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, changes its host range by duplication and deletion of the small domain in the deduced tail fiber gene

The entire genome of bacteriophage OP₁, lytic for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causing bacterial leaf blight of rice, and the partial genomes of related phages were sequenced and analyzed. The OP₁ genome comprises double-stranded, 4785-bp long DNA with 51.1% G + C content. Fifty-nine open reading frames (ORFs) were detected. ORF25 had similarity with the tail fiber gene of phages, whose product is related to host specificity. The ORF25 regions were amplified from four host-range mutants (OP_1h, OP_1hC, OP_1h2, and OP_1h2C) by polymerase chain reaction, and their deduced amino acid sequences were compared. Three mutants (OP_1hC, OP_1h2, OP_1h2C) had duplications of a small domain in the N-terminal portion, although there were slight differences in the position of the duplicated sequences. One mutant OP_1h had substituted amino acids in the duplication region. New mutants isolated in the laboratory (OP_1hC and OP_1h2C from OP₁ and OP_1h2) acquired the ability to lyse strain N5874 belonging to phagovar (lysotype) C. However, they rapidly lost this lytic ability when incubated with other phagovars. This loss was always accompanied by a loss of the characteristic repeats, suggesting that the host range of OP₁-related phages changed mainly through duplication and deletion of a small domain in ORF25. The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under the accession numbers AP008979, AB214312 to AB214316     

香菇菌种性能衰退的原因及复壮技术

从遗传变异与环境因子2个方面分析探讨了引起香菇菌种性能衰退的主要原因,内因主要包括极性发生变异、自交产生的变异、杂交种性不稳定和基因突变；外因主要包括培养条件不适宜、菌种老化、菌种保藏不当和菌株无性繁殖体感染病毒。针对遗传变异和环境条件引起的菌种性能衰退．提出了有效的预防措施及具有可操作性的菌种复壮技术．