棉纤维发育相关基因时空表达与纤维品质的关联分析

以14个纤维品质差异的棉花品种(或品系)为材料,研究10个纤维发育相关基因时空表达变化与纤维品质的关系,为阐明棉纤维发育相关基因与纤维品质形成关系提供理论基础。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测10个基因在14个供试品种(或品系)不同纤维发育时期的相对表达量,结果表明,虽然遗传背景完全不同,但它们具有某些共同表达特征。GhExp1、GhCIPK1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhPL这5个基因都是在纤维伸长期优势表达;GhACT1、GhRacA和GhRacB是在纤维伸长前期和次生壁加厚期高表达;而GhCelA1和GhcelA3是在纤维伸长后期和次生壁加厚期优势表达。这些基因表达谱与纤维品质关联分析显示,GhRacA在23DPA高表达且表达量与纤维品质显著正相关,其余基因在低表达时其表达量与纤维品质呈显著性相关,而在高表达时其表达量与纤维品质无相关性。GhExp1在20DPA的表达量与纤维比强度和整齐度呈显著负相关,与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhPL在23DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著负相关;GhRacA在5DPA和23DPA的表达量均与伸长率呈极显著正相关;GhRacB在10DPA的表达量与长度和整齐度呈显著负相关;GhCelA1基因在5DPA的表达量与纤维长度呈显著正相关,与马克隆值呈显著负相关,在10DPA的表达量与马克隆值呈显著正相关,与伸长率达到极显著正相关,与比强度呈显著负相关,与长度和整齐度呈极显著负相关;GhCIPK1、GhACT1、GhSus1、GhSusA1和GhCelA3 这5个基因在纤维发育各时期的表达量与纤维品质各指标未检测到相关性。     

微生物降解石油源多环芳香烃的研究进展

石油源多环芳香烃是存在于石油中的一类致畸、致癌污染物,具有以低环(2~3环)为主且取代基比例明显高于其他来源PAHs的组分特征。石油泄露引发的PAHs污染,其降解主要依赖于微生物的活动。本文对能够降解PAHs的微生物种类、降解机理、代谢途径及编码基因进行了概述。从PAHs作为碳源的角度将微生物降解机理划分为能以PAHs为唯一碳源进行生长的降解机理和共代谢机理。对与PAHs有关的好氧和厌氧微生物降解途径及对应的编码基因簇进行了总结。自然界中细菌、放线菌、真菌及藻类都能够降解PAHs,由加氧酶催化的苯环羟基化和还原酶介导的苯环脱芳烃化是好氧和厌氧降解途径的关键步骤,与降解有关的pca,cat,paa,nah,nah-like和bcr基因簇则分别调控好氧和厌氧降解过程。这些进展有助于系统了解石油源PAHs的降解过程、微生物作用机理和分子遗传机制,为进一步利用微生物促进环境生物修复提供理论依据。     

Mutations of K-ras oncogene in primary colorectal tumors,related liver metastases and portal vein blood of patients with colorectal cancer

AIM: To evaluate the concordance of K-ras oncogene mutations in primary colorectal tumors, liver metastases and portal vein blood of the patients with colorectal cancer, and to find out the relationship between mutated K-ras oncogene and liver metastases in colorectal cancer.METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with colorectal cancer were screened for the mutations of K-ras oncogene in the tissue samples of primary tumors, portal vein blood and liver metastases (only 15 cases of the 59 patients) by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and DNA sequencing. The results were also analyzed with the clinical data of the patients.RESULTS: Point mutations of K-ras were found in the primary tumors in 20 (33.9%) of the 59 patients with colorectal cancer, and 18 (30.5%) of the 59 patients in their portal vein blood. K-ras mutations in 8 (53.3%) of 15 liver metastases were also detected. No significant difference among the rates of K-ras mutation in primary tumor tissues, portal vein blood and related liver metastases was observed (P>0.05). Eighteen cases with mutated K-ras gene in portal vein blood showed the mutations in primary tumor tissues. The patients without mutated K-ras gene in primary tumor tissue also showed negative mutation of K-ras in the portal vein blood. The mutated K-ras gene in both liver metastase and portal vein blood were detected in 8 of the 15 cases with liver metastases, and no mutated K-ras gene was detected in the others with liver metastases. The main types of K-ras mutations found in primary tumors, liver metastases (5 simultaneous, 2 metachronous) and portal vein blood were GGT to GAT and GGT to GTT at codon 12. A K-ras mutation at codon 13 (GGC to GAC) was found in one case with metachronous liver metastases. The rate of concordance of K-ras status between primary tumors and portal vein blood was 96.6%. Detection of K-ras mutations in liver metastases was accordant with that in portal vein blood, but the type of K-ras mutation was partially discordant.CONCLUSION: The K-ras mutations in primary tumors, liver metastases and portal vein blood of patients with colorectal cancer are concordant, and mutated K-ras detected in both cancer tissue and portal vein blood may indicate liver micrometastases from colorectal cancer.     

Apoptosis and its modulation in type Ⅰ diabetes mellitus

Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, is a normal process contributing to tissue tumor during development and in the adult.During development apoptosis is involved in tissue homeostasis and eliminating nonfunctional, superfluous or harmful cells. It is an active process controlled by some gene and factors such as caspases, bcl-2, Fas/FasL and NO. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is regarded as a chronic autoimmune disease resulting from progressive destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas. The relationship between apoptosis with its modulation and type 1 diabetes mellitus was reviwed.     

Preliminary study of endocytosis-related gene mRSD-9

AIM: To study the function of the gene mRSD-9 . METHODS: The techniques of immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were applied to verify the interaction between mRSD-9 and endophlin 3. The ATP/GTP combined experiment and the clathrin releasing experiment were conducted to investigate the effect of mRSD-9 on endocytosis. RESULTS: Expressed Myc-mRSD-9 was precipitated by Flag-endophilin 3. Conversely, the expressed Flag-endophilin 3 was also precipitated by Myc-mRSD-9. Under laser scanning confocal microscope, mRSD-9-GFP fusion protein and endophilin 3-RFP fusion protein were observed to co-localize in CHO cells. The combination of mRSD-9 protein with ATP/GTP was found and was specific because no combination was detected using mutant ΔmRSD-9. In empty vector transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in red fluorescent expressed cells was roughly the same as the untransfected cells. In pDsRed1-N1-mRSD-9 transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in mRSD-9 protein expressed cells was obviously reduced. In pDsRed1-N1-ΔmRSD-9 transfected group, the quantity of transferrin in ΔmRSD-9 protein expressed cells was significantly increased. CONCLUSION: The protein coded by mRSD-9 gene can suppress endocytosis of transferrin.     

Effect of weaver gene on biology function of CAD cells

AIM:To assess the impact of weaver gene on neuronal development, protein expression and vitality. METHODS: DNA encoding the wild-type and mutant ion channel was introduced into immortalized tyrosine hydroxylase-positive CNS-derived neurons named CAD(Cath.a-differentiated, a variant of Cath.a. Cath.a was established by targeted oncogenesis in transgenic mice) cells. DNA clone, immunostaining and Western blotting were used. Three different concentrations (0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, or 1.0 mg/L) of Girk2 and wvGirk2 expression plasmids were transfected into the CAD cells. The number of transfected cycling cells, protein synthesis and neurites growth were observed between two groups. RESULTS:The number of transfected cycling CAD cells with high concentration of wvGirk2 reduced to about 60%, compared to Girk2-transfected cells. Low concentration of wvGirk2 did not cause cell death but reduced the protein production of transfected genes. Neurite growth was also affected by wvGirk2. MK-801 and Kir2.3 altered the effect of wvGirk2. CONCLUSION:The results indicate that wvGirk2 functions as a blocker in weaver animals, which blockes the wvGirk2 channel to rescue the cells from death. Our data also suggest that the presence of channels and the level of wvGirk2 may have a significant impact on the fate of cells containing wvGirk2.     

植物叶片衰老研究进展

叶片衰老是植物叶片生长发育过程中衰变的重要信号，在此综述了植物叶片衰老的特性、机理、与叶片衰老相关的基因、影响叶片衰老的因子（即器官、植物激素、氧化胁迫等），同时又介绍了叶片衰老相关基因表达的调控，并对开展植物叶片衰老研究的综合发展趋势作了分析。