Generation of tribenuron‐methyl herbicide‐resistant OsCYP81A6‐expressing rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) plants for hybrid seed production using chemical‐induced male sterility

Chemical‐induced male sterility (CIMS) is a method for hybrid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production. Some sulphonylurea herbicides such as tribenuron‐methyl (TBM) are used as chemical hybridization agents (CHAs) in CIMS systems. However, the male parents must be protected from herbicide injury with a shield during spraying of the female parents with CHAs to induce male sterility. Thus, using herbicide‐resistant rapeseed lines as the male parents can significantly simplify the seed production procedure and reduce the cost in hybrid seed production. A rice cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, OsCYP81A6, has been previously characterized to confer resistance to bentazon and sulphonylurea herbicides. We demonstrate here that the introduction of OsCYP81A6 renders rapeseed plants resistant to TBM. Compared with wild‐type plants, the transgenic plants displayed normal stamen development and male fertility when treated with 0.05 mg/l of TBM, the dose used for inducing male sterility in hybrid seed production. These results indicate that the OsCYP81A6‐expressing rapeseed plants can be used as the male parents for hybrid rapeseed production using CIMS.     

谷子新品种郑农谷09-6优良特性分析及应用

为了全面了解郑农谷09-6的优良特性,依据2014—2015年河南省谷子品种区域试验产量结果,运用方差、标准差、变异系数、高稳系数、回归系数等多种分析方法,对郑农谷09-6的丰产性、稳产性、适应性等优良特性进行分析.结果表明,郑农谷09-6在2年区试中平均产量5961.6 kg/hm2,分别居参试品种第2位和第4位,丰...     

水果型番木瓜组培无菌系的构建

用无菌水、GA3 和6-BA等不同试剂对水果型番木瓜种子进行预处理后接种于培养基中,通过研究不同试剂对种子发芽率、胚芽和胚根的伸长、幼苗苗高的影响,筛选出构建水果型番木瓜组培无菌系的较好种子预处理方式。结果表明,无菌条件下用75%酒精均匀擦拭水果型番木瓜果皮表面,取出种子,用无菌水冲洗3次是较好的灭菌方法,种子污染率为2.52%;水果型番木瓜种子灭菌后经GA3 1000 mg/L+6-BA 1 mg/L（等体积混合）浸泡18 h处理后,接种于MS培养基中培养,种子发芽率、胚芽、胚根和苗高等各指标平均数达到较高值,分别为68.42%、2.25cm、0.8 cm、1.52 cm,幼苗整体生长情况较好,构建了良好的水果型番木瓜组培无菌系。     

不同药剂对打破玫瑰香葡萄芽休眠的效果研究

以日光温室内葡萄品种‘玫瑰香’（Vitis vinifera ‘Muscat Hamburg’）为试材,选择不同化学药剂对其进行破眠试验,探讨单氰胺等外源生长调节剂打破休眠的效应以及休眠过程中抗性物质含量的变化。结果表明：2.5% 单氰胺打破葡萄的休眠效果最好,可使萌芽期提前15天左右,萌芽整齐度及萌芽速率高,显著提高了SOD、POD酶的活性,对CAT酶活性有一定的抑制作用,对丙二醛含量的影响不显著;200 mg/LGA3对打破休眠基本无效甚至有抑制作用,处理后萌芽率低于对照,但可促进芽体形成新梢;150 mg/L 6-BA对打破休眠亦有一定的效果,但对终萌芽率影响甚微。     

Factors influencing tissue culture responses of mature seeds and immature embryos in turf-type tall fescue

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of turf‐type tall fescue for genetic transformation, the effects of five culture medium supplements on tissue culture responses were investigated with immature embryos and mature seeds of an elite cultivar, ‘Coronado’, as explant tissues. For both explants, calli induced on 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP)‐containing medium had significantly improved regeneration ability. The optimal concentration of BAP for the induction of regenerable callus from mature seeds was 0.1 mg/l. Thidiazuron also improved callus regeneration frequency of mature seeds. Casein hydrolysate, L‐proline and myo‐inositol improved callus induction of immature embryos but not mature seeds. They did not improve callus regeneration frequencies with either explant tissue. By simply slicing the mature seeds into two halves longitudinally, the callus induction frequencies, as well as the corresponding overall plant regeneration frequencies, were increased approximately three‐ to six‐fold in all three combinations of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and BAP in callus induction media.     

Identification of PCR markers linked to different Or genes in sunflower

Broomrape is a parasitic plant that significantly decreases yield of sunflower. Breeding for resistance has proved to be the most efficient method for suppressing broomrape infestation in the field; however, new races of parasite constantly emerge, and new resistance genes need to be discovered and introduced into cultivated sunflower lines. The aim of this work was to test SSR markers from linkage group 3 (LG3) to investigate whether they could be used for identification of a particular Or gene. Twenty sunflower inbred lines were used, and polymorphism between the lines with various resistance genes and genetic background was investigated. The used markers revealed DNA polymorphism between the investigated lines. Strong association of markers from LG3 with Or₆, as well as Or₄ and Or₂ genes, was found. Identified markers could be used for introduction of these resistance genes into commercial sunflower lines and for establishment and identification of differential lines.     

Plant growth regulator and its interactions with environment and genotype affect maize optimal plant density and yield

Increasing planting density is important to raise maize yield, however, high density often leads to an increase risk of lodging due to dense canopy and weak stem. Maize yield and optimal plant density are increased by applying plant growth regulator compound of ethephon and DA-6, however, we do not know if this compound would interact with location and genotype. In this study, a novel plant growth regulator, as the synthesis of N, N- diethyl − 2 − hexanoyl oxygen radicals − ethyl amine (2-ethyl chloride) phosphonic acid salt (DHEAP), combining the effects of ethephon and DA-6 in one chemical, was developed and tested at three locations, five plant densities (6.75, 8.25, 9.75, 11.25 and 12.75 plants m⁻²) and three cultivars in 2014–2015. This study aimed to quantify the interactions between environment, genotype and management (Appling DHEAP and plant density) on lodging-related optimal plant density and yield. DHEAP significantly increased grain yield by 10.7% due to the increases of kernel weight by 3.2% and kernel number per ear by 4.4%. On average across genotypes and environments, applying DHEAP increased optimum plant density by 6%. The optimal plant density interacted with cultivar, DHEAP and environment. Applying DHEAP reduced lodging percentage by lowering ear height. The yield-lodging relationship was affected by genotype and location. We concluded that maize yield could be enhanced by optimizing plant density, applying DHEAP and cultivar selection, but climatic and environmental differences of locations should be considered.     

Preparation of novel reagents 4-alkoxytrityl chlorides and their reaction with methyl Α-d-glucoside

A series of novel 4-O-alkoxytrityl chlorides (1) with different chain lengths was synthesized as a novel reagent for obtaining 6-O-alkylated cellulose with high regioselectivity via trityl groups in one reaction step without the use of any protective groups. These chlorides were reacted with methyl -d-glucoside, which was used as a model compound, to examine the reactivities toward the primary hydroxyl groups of cellulose to afford a series of 6-O-alkylated methyl -d-glucosides in high yields. The product compounds were found to have interesting solubilities and thermal properties. Thus, newly prepared trityl chloride derivatives were found to be useful regioselective derivatization reagents on the primary hydroxyl group in carbohydrates, especially in cellulose.     

育苗期不同处理对尾叶桉U6无性系苗木质量及造林效果的影响

在云南的元江干热河谷,进行了尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗育苗期的施用不同剂量Pt菌剂及干旱胁迫处理,提高苗木质量及植苗造林效果的研究。结果表明,以每株苗木用Pt菌剂15g+干旱胁迫处理的效果最佳,干旱胁迫反应能力的提高和施用Pt菌剂的增效作用可以叠加。其有助于提高尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗出圃苗木的质量,使其植苗造林6个月时的造林成活率达93.33%。通过相关性分析,筛选出反映尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗木主要质量指标的因子是出圃苗木的主根长、苗高、地径、高径比和总生物量,并对尾叶桉U6无性系扦插苗主要质量指标与其造林成活率的相关性进行了分析,建立了相关的回归方程。