侧耳新品种GF94杂种优势的研究

利用原生质体融合技术,将佛罗里达侧耳与姬菇作为亲本获得的新品种GF94进行出菇试验及品质对比.试验表明,GF94在产量、抗逆性、品质等方面都超过双亲,表现出杂种优势.GF94的平均单产为.53.24kg/m~2,比佛罗里达侧耳增产19.5%,已成为一个具有商品价值和生产实用价值的新品种,可以大面积推广.     

Molecular assay of novel pasturage, sugarcane-grass 94-42, using RAPD markers

Sugarcane-grass 94-42, a novel pasturage, was derived from the cross of a sugarcane cultivar line Co419 and a wild line PT43-52 (Saccharum robustum Brand. et Jesw. ex Grassl). To assay the genetic diversity among Co419, PT43-52 and the F₁ hybrid sugarcane-grass 94-42, 67 RAPD markers were used to detect the genomes of three lines. Around 284 bands were produced by amplification of which 116 were shown to be polymorphic in three lines. Homology of the three lines was analyzed based on all bands. Results showed that the similarity coefficient between Co419 and PT43-52, PT43-52 and sugarcane-grass 94-42, and Co419 and sugarcane-grass 94-42 were 0.7658, 0.8009 and 0.9138, respectively. A total of 95.4% bands amplified from sugarcane-grass 94-42 were homologous with those from either Co419 or PT43-52, which proved that sugarcane-grass 94-42 was the filial generation of Co419 and PT43-52.     

银杏木质部特异定位表达基因启动子在转基因烟草的功能研究

为了研究银杏GRP 1.8启动子在木本植物中的调控制特性,用从银杏细胞壁形成及纤维素生物合成密切相关的,并定位于形成层木质部维管组织细胞表达的富甘氨酸蛋白质基因(GRP 1.8)的启动子与GUS报告基因构建的表达载体转化烟草,经过Southern blotting鉴定,得到一批转化再生植株.经GUS组织化学检测,发现转基因烟草的茎木质部呈现GUS染色阳性,初步证明银杏GRP 1.8基因启动子确有韧皮部表达特性,可介导GUS基因在转基因烟草木质部特异性表达.     

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)及其基因研究进展

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)是广泛存在于植物细胞壁上的一种重要结构蛋白,GRP基因的表达具有组织特异性并受发育阶段特异性及多种环境因素的调控.GRP基因的研究为植物基因的表达调控研究提供了一个良好的模式.植物GRP根据其结构主要可分为两大类:一类具有信号肽序列,一类具有RNA结合序列.文章主要介绍GRP序列和结构特征、表达调控、细胞定位及对其功能的预测分析.     

高异黄酮含量、高产大豆新品种吉育94选育及栽培技术

吉育94大豆新品种是吉林省农业科学院大豆研究中心育成,该品种异黄酮含量4.23‰,是一般品种的2～3倍,蛋白质含量38.34%,脂肪含量20.78%。抗大豆花叶病毒病和大豆胞囊线虫病,抗倒伏,为高产、高异黄酮含量品种。     

Discovery and genotyping of high-throughput SNP markers for crown rust resistance gene Pc94 in cultivated oat

Crown rust caused by Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae Eriks is a serious problem for oat production worldwide and pyramiding multiple resistance genes into new cultivars is a key objective of breeders. Many race specific resistance genes have been mapped and markers that are closely linked to them have been identified. However, the use of these markers in oat breeding practice has been limited due to the economics of marker assisted selection (MAS) deployment. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have been demonstrated to have a high-throughput capability with relatively low cost and numerous semi-automated SNP scoring platforms exist. Gene Pc94 has remained highly effective since it was first tested on the Canadian crown rust populations in 1993 and is one of the few effective genes available in Western Canada. In the present study, PCR products were amplified using primers derived from sequences of amplified fragment length polymorphism bands which have been shown to be linked to Pc94 . Genomic DNA from genotypes, with and without the Pc94 gene, were used as the PCR templates. By comparative sequence alignment amongst the PCR fragments, many putative SNP sites were identified. From these sites, four SNP sites were selected and validated by the single base extension method. One SNP site, Pc94 -SNP1a, was tested on two F_2:3 populations segregating for the resistance gene. The map distances between the SNP marker and Pc94 were 2.1 and 5.4 cM in the two different populations. Various oat cultivars and germplasm lines were also tested for a wider application of the SNP marker. Fluorescent technology and capillary electrophoresis allowed for the semi-automated, fairly high-throughput scoring of the SNP markers.     

绞股蓝皂苷生物合成后修饰酶基因的cDNA克隆和组织表达特征

从绞股蓝转录组挖掘可能与绞股蓝皂苷生物合成相关修饰酶基因细胞色素P450(cytochrome P450,CYP)及UDP-糖基转移酶(UDP-dependent glycosyltransferase,UGT)基因的cDNA进行克隆并开展了以下研究。根据课题组前期绞股蓝转录组数据,筛选CYP及UGT Unigenes,利用RT-PCR克隆ORF全长,并结合生物信息学对其编码蛋白进行功能分析,最后通过荧光定量PCR验证其在根、茎、叶的差异性表达。结果克隆得到两个ORF序列,分别命名为CYP94A1和UGT91A1;CYP94A1序列包含1509 bp的开放阅读框架,编码一条含503个氨基酸残基的肽链,具有CYP保守结构域;UGT91A1序列包含1383 bp的开放阅读框架,编码一条含461个氨基酸残基的肽链,具有UGT保守结构域。这两个基因的转录表达均具有组织特异性,在叶或茎中的表达均高于根。CYP94A1和UGT91A1的克隆、转录表达及生物信息学分析为进一步挖掘绞股蓝中CYPs、UGTs及功能验证提供了帮助,增加对CYP和UGT两个超基因家族的认识。     

半胱胺对育肥山羊生长及肌肉嫩度的影响

 【目的】p94，又称calpain_3a是主要在骨骼肌中表达的一种钙激活蛋白酶，与骨骼肌的生长和肉的嫩度有很强的相关性。生长抑素（SS）通过抑制垂体生长激素的分泌而影响机体的生长性能，SS同时也能抑制钙蛋白酶的表达和活性。半胱胺（CS）能耗竭机体内的SS，因而可能影响肌肉的嫩度和骨骼肌钙蛋白酶的表达。【方法】为验证以上假说，本试验选取60头健康无病，体重一致（15±1）kg的3月龄育肥山羊，随机分成两组（组Ⅰ与组Ⅱ），组Ⅰ饲喂基础日粮，组Ⅱ饲喂添加900 mg•kg-1CS的基础日粮。60 d后宰杀采集血液、背最长肌和半腱肌。分别测定血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸和甲状腺素浓度、肌肉剪切力和肌肉p94 mRNA的表达。【结果】日粮添加半胱胺显著促进育肥山羊的生长（P <0.05），显著改善半腱肌的嫩度（P <0.05），提高半腱肌中p94 mRNA的表达（P <0.05），但对血清中三碘甲腺原氨酸（T3）和甲状腺素（T4）的浓度以及背最长肌的嫩度均没有显著影响（P >0.05）。【结论】半胱胺明显提高山羊增重，并可能通过上调半腱肌p94 mRNA的表达而显著改善山羊半腱肌的嫩度。     

Basic characterization of 90 kDa heat shock protein genes HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1 and TRAP1 expressed in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

In the current study, we describe four novel members of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) family expressed in Japanese quail, Coturnix japonica. The coding regions of the genes, CjHSP90AA1, CjHSP90AB1, CjHSP90B1 and CjTRAP1, exhibited more than 94% similarity to their related genes in chicken. The putative proteins encoded by these quail genes contained motifs considered essential for HSP90 gene function. In addition, the predicted proteins were more similar to HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1 and TRAP1 proteins expressed in vertebrates than they were to other members of the HSP90 family. Exon numbers of CjHSP90AA1 (11), CjHSP90AB1 (12) or CjTRAP1 (18) are the same as the chicken and mammalian orthologs. Furthermore, gene order in the regions surrounding CjHSP90AB1 and CjTRAP1 has been preserved, providing evidence that the genomic regions were orthologous to HSP90‐containing regions in the chicken genome. The promoter regions of the genes also contained conserved motifs identified in related genes of chicken. However, the nucleotide sequences of the 5′‐flanking region of these genes were highly polymorphic. We also found that CjHSP90AA1 exhibited a robust response to heat shock treatment. Taken together, the data suggest that CjHSP90AA1, CjHSP90AB1, CjHSP90B1 and CjTRAP1 encode orthologs of HSP90AA1, HSP90AB1, HSP90B1 and TRAP1, respectively.     

Nematicidal activity of anion transport blockers against Meloidogyne incognita, Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

BACKGROUND: Because methyl bromide has been phased out as a soil sterilant, new nematicides are urgently needed. Four different chemical classes of organic acids acting as anion transport (AT) blockers were tested against a free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans Maupas, a plant-parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood, and an entomopathogenic nematode, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, in toxicity bioassays. The materials tested were DIDS (4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid), 9-AC (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid), NPPB [5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid] and IAA-94 (indanyloxyacetic acid). RESULTS: All the compounds showed slowly developing nematicidal activity against second-stage juveniles of M. incognita and adults of C. elegans, but not against H. bacteriophora infective-stage juveniles. The LC(50) values of these compounds were < 50 mg L(-1) after 48 and 72 h incubation, while at 168 h incubation the LC(50) values were < 10 mg L(-1) for both sensitive species. Across both species and time, the LC(50) values generally differed no more than twofold among the four compounds tested in this study. In contrast, none of the compounds (200 mg L(-1)) caused more than control mortality to H. bacteriophora, even after 168 h of incubation. CONCLUSION: These compounds are potential leads for commercial nematicides. The insensitivity to H. bacteriophora is consistent with the natural exposure of this nematode to DST (3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropylstilbene), a stilbene produced by its symbiotic bacterium. Based on the known activity of the compounds used in this study, it is suggested that anion transporters form the probable target sites for DIDS, 9-AC, NPPB and IAA-94 in nematodes.