非参数核密度法厘定玉米区域产量保险费率研究——以河北安国市为例

本研究以非参数核密度法为核心,构建了农作物GRP保险费率厘定的方法体系,以此对河北省安国市1980—2004年的玉米产量风险损失进行估算和纯保险费率进行厘定,得出在80%的保障水平下,纯保险费率为3.4%;在70%的保障水平下,纯保险费率为2.9%。这一结果比较接近该区域传统的风险评估方法所得结果。该方法的运用旨在为区域农业保险费率的厘定提供了一种新的可供选择的方法途径。     

从陕麦107、陕麦94的育成谈“超级小麦”育种

为了选育超高产小麦品种,利用多种外源抗性种质与多个农艺亲本组配,采取大群体和F3早代测产确定重点家系的选择策略,将多种优异基因累加、聚合,育成了超高产小麦新品系陕麦107和高产强筋小麦新品系陕麦94。陕麦107弱春性,成穗率高,株高78cm,高产、抗病、抗倒,落黄好,千粒重50g,产量9712.5kg/hm2,较对照品种小偃22增产25.7%。陕麦94弱冬性、多穗型,株高75cm,抗倒伏,高抗条锈病、白粉病和叶枯病,中抗赤霉病,千粒重51g,产量8185kg/hm2,较小偃22增产6%。结果表明,选择遗传背景丰富的亲本材料,采用早代测产,确定重点家系是实现超高产育种的有效途径。     

cDNA cloning of Japanese oyster stress protein homologous to the mammalian 78-kDa glucose regulated protein and its induction by heatshock

ABSTRACT:    The 78-kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78), a member of stress proteins, was cloned from a cDNA library of Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas . The analysis on Japanese oyster GRP78 clone of approximately 2.6 kb revealed that the entire open reading frame was 1983 bp long and encoded 661 amino acid residues. At the DNA sequence level, the coding region of Japanese oyster GRP78 gene was 72, 62, and 62% identical to those of chicken GRP78, Japanese flounder HSP70, and Japanese flounder HSC71 genes, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequence of Japanese oyster GRP78 was 84, 62, and 62% identical to those of chicken GRP78, Japanese flounder HSP70, and Japanese flounder HSC71, respectively. Japanese oyster GRP78 contained an 18-residue sequence at the N-terminus that exhibits characteristics of a cleavable signal sequence. It also contained an ATPase domain, and a peptide-binding domain in addition to a Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) peptide motif that is involved in determining endoplasmic reticulum localization. Northern blot analysis showed that GRP78 mRNA was induced with heatshock treatment in the oyster tissues.     

Reduced expression of voltage-gated chloride channel genes in Caenorhabditis elegans: Implications for the mode of action of chloride channel-directed nematicides

Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes (fourth-stage larvae) were exposed for 24 h to long (4 μg/μl) or short (5 μg/μl) double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of two voltage-gated chloride channel (VGCC) genes, ceclc-1 and ceclc-2, coding for two VGCC proteins, CeClC-1 and CeClC-2. The treatments reduced expression of these genes in F₁ progeny in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Progeny with reduced expression of ceclc-2 (but not ceclc-1) showed significant phenotypic effects, such as increased pharyngeal contractions and decreased locomotion, which were maximal in 48 h old worms. Generally, there was little effect on the worms when expression of ceclc-1 alone was reduced. F₁ progeny with reduced expression of both ceclc-1 and ceclc-2 had a higher percentage showing affected locomotion than were present with reduced expression of ceclc-2 alone, whereas the increase in frequency of pharyngeal contractions was not different from that obtained with reduced expression of ceclc-2 alone. These phenotypic effects were consistent with the known expression patterns of ceclc-1 and ceclc-2 in C. elegans tissues. A strong negative correlation was observed between in vitro concentration of long dsRNA and ceclc-2 expression level, as well as between ceclc-2 expression level and corresponding phenotypic effects. The effects of dsRNA exposure are similar to previous studies in which 24-h incubation in 50 ppm of anion transporter (AT) blockers DIDS, 9-AC, IAA-94, or NPPB increased pharyngeal contractions and the proportion of nematodes exhibiting impaired locomotion. These findings confirm that the principal mechanism of nematicidal activity of AT blockers may arise from the inhibition of CeClC-2.     

电针内关、百会穴对脑缺血/再灌注大鼠GRP78和Caspase-12基因表达的影响

目的 观察电针内关、百会穴对脑缺血/再灌注（Ischemia/Reperfusion,I/R）大鼠脑GRP78和Caspase-12基因表达的影响,探讨针刺发挥脑保护作用是否与内质网应激凋亡通路有关。方法 100只大鼠随机分为5组,每组20只,即正常组、假手术组、手术造模组、依达拉奉组和针刺干预组。采用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞（middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO）脑I/R模型。采用TUNEL染色法,检测大鼠神经细胞凋亡指数;采用实时定量多聚酶链式反应（Real-Time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）,检测GRP78、Caspase-12 mRNA表达。结果 与正常组和假手术组相比,手术造模组、依达拉奉组和针刺干预组大鼠细胞凋亡指数升高,GRP78和Caspase-12 mRNA表达增多,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;与手术造模组相比,依达拉奉组和针刺干预组大鼠细胞凋亡指数和Caspase-12 mRNA表达均明显降低（P<0.01）,GRP78 mRNA表达明显升高（P<0.01）;与依达拉奉组相比,针刺干预组大鼠各项指标差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 针刺内关、百会穴可以有效抑制脑缺血神经元细胞凋亡,其保护机制可能上调内质网应激保护性GRP78表达,同时抑制促凋亡Caspase-12表达有关。     

甘蔗新品种云蔗94—375的选育

云蔗94—375系从Cp72—1210×崖城73—512的杂交后代中选育的优良甘蔗新品种。其表现为生势强、茎径粗壮、直立紧凑、丰产中熟高糖、适应性广。产量（102．6t／hm^2）比对照新台糖10号（ROC10）增产18．8％,比对照桂糖11号增产10．9％;平均甘蔗含糖分（14．45％）比ROC10高0．10个百分点,比桂糖11号高0．15个百分点;平均含糖量（14．7t／hm^2）比ROC10增产17．7％,比桂糖11号增产13．1％。该品种免疫花叶病,抗黑穗病,抗旱性好,适宜于中等肥力的旱坡地、水浇地及水田种植。可作为糖料或糖能兼用甘蔗新品种推广应用。     

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)及其基因研究进展

植物富含甘氨酸蛋白质(GRP)是广泛存在于植物细胞壁上的一种重要结构蛋白,GRP基因的表达具有组织特异性并受发育阶段特异性及多种环境因素的调控.GRP基因的研究为植物基因的表达调控研究提供了一个良好的模式.植物GRP根据其结构主要可分为两大类:一类具有信号肽序列,一类具有RNA结合序列.文章主要介绍GRP序列和结构特征、表达调控、细胞定位及对其功能的预测分析.     

Molecular assay of novel pasturage, sugarcane-grass 94-42, using RAPD markers

Sugarcane-grass 94-42, a novel pasturage, was derived from the cross of a sugarcane cultivar line Co419 and a wild line PT43-52 (Saccharum robustum Brand. et Jesw. ex Grassl). To assay the genetic diversity among Co419, PT43-52 and the F₁ hybrid sugarcane-grass 94-42, 67 RAPD markers were used to detect the genomes of three lines. Around 284 bands were produced by amplification of which 116 were shown to be polymorphic in three lines. Homology of the three lines was analyzed based on all bands. Results showed that the similarity coefficient between Co419 and PT43-52, PT43-52 and sugarcane-grass 94-42, and Co419 and sugarcane-grass 94-42 were 0.7658, 0.8009 and 0.9138, respectively. A total of 95.4% bands amplified from sugarcane-grass 94-42 were homologous with those from either Co419 or PT43-52, which proved that sugarcane-grass 94-42 was the filial generation of Co419 and PT43-52.     

坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN(AB)94免疫原对鹿的初步免疫试验

本研究将坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN（AB）94厌氧培养后，裂解制备抗原，与等量福氏完全佐剂混合，制备乳化佐剂胺苗。将疫苗分别接种4头不同年龄的健康成年鹿（每头接种4ml)。3头鹿作为对照组。接种前，静脉采血，进行对流免疫电泳检查。30天后，分别用150-400亿菌感染试验动物，然后混群饲养观察，并定期采血检查被免鹿血清中抗体消长变化。结果对照组鹿分别于3个月后开始现现明显的临床症状，而免疫组不表现任何临床症状，6个月仍表现临床健康。4头免疫鹿6个月时都能检测到血清抗体，3头免疫鹿血清抗体可维持到7个月后。试验表明。试验表明，坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN（AB）94疫苗接种鹿后，可刺激鹿产生很好的免疫力，从而通过本动物初步证明坏死梭杆菌毒力菌株FN（AB）94免疫原具有良好的免疫原性，可以用于制备坏死杆菌病疫苗。     

侧耳新品种GF94杂种优势的研究

利用原生质体融合技术,将佛罗里达侧耳与姬菇作为亲本获得的新品种GF94进行出菇试验及品质对比.试验表明,GF94在产量、抗逆性、品质等方面都超过双亲,表现出杂种优势.GF94的平均单产为.53.24kg/m~2,比佛罗里达侧耳增产19.5%,已成为一个具有商品价值和生产实用价值的新品种,可以大面积推广.