QuEChERS-高效液相色谱法分析6-苄氨基腺嘌呤和吡唑醚菌酯在番茄植株和土壤中的残留动态

为了探究根部处理剂6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吡唑醚菌酯在植物-土壤间的分布规律,以番茄为试材,建立了测定番茄根、叶及根围土壤中2种化合物的QuEChERS-高效液相色谱法,并采用该方法研究了两者在番茄体内和根围土壤中28 d内的含量变化。结果表明:6-BA与吡唑醚菌酯在番茄根、叶和根围土壤中的回收率在82%~107%之间,定量限在0.03~0.09 mg/kg之间;经番茄苗蘸根处理后12 h^28 d,在根围土壤中未检测到6-BA,而在番茄叶和根中均有检出(0.043~2.0 mg/kg),表明6-BA可被根部快速吸收,并传导至叶片,在番茄各部位中的含量为侧叶>根部>顶叶;6-BA在番茄根部和叶片中消解较快,处理7~10 d后低于检出限;吡唑醚菌酯可扩散至根围土壤中,大部分被根部吸收并维持在较高含量水平(1.2~3.0mg/kg)达28 d以上;根部的吡唑醚菌酯可转移至叶片,并以较低含量水平(0.11~0.78 mg/kg)保留4~6 d。研究结果为番茄根、叶及土壤中6-BA和吡唑醚菌酯的残留分析提供了方法,并为评价该根部处理剂的应用效果提供了必要数据。     

6-DMAP诱导栉孔扇贝三倍体的细胞学观察

用Bouin氏液固定、连续石蜡切片方法,对6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(简称6-DMAP)抑制第二极体诱导栉孔扇贝三倍体在受精和早期卵裂过程中的细胞学变化进行了详细观察。结果表明,在授精后25min,以60mg/L的6-DMAP处理栉孔扇贝受精卵15min,有效地破坏了纺锤体结构的形成,抑制了第2次减数分裂进程,致使受精卵内形成两种核相:一种是1个大的二倍性雌核和1个雄核;另一种是两个单倍性的雌核和1个雄核。不论形成几个雌原核,它们都能与雄原核相互靠近,在卵轴中央核膜逐渐发生融合,形成合子核,三倍体的合子核在卵内所占体积明显较二倍体的大。继而,合子核经过DNA复制,最后凝缩成染色体,发生有丝分裂,其过程与正常二倍体相同。     

饲料脂肪对翘嘴红鲌生长、葡萄糖激酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶活性与基因表达的影响

选用360尾翘嘴红鲌(Erythrocutler ilishaeformis Bleeker),体质量约40g。随机分成为2组,分别为高脂组(脂肪质量分数19.93%,碳水化合物质量分数14.45%)、低脂组(脂肪质量分数9.92%,碳水化合物质量分数12.38%),每组设3个重复,饲养8周。分别于摄食后0h、3h、6h、12h、24h测定血液指标、糖代谢酶葡萄糖激酶(Glucokinase,GK,E.C.2.7.1.1)以及葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(glucose-6-phosphatase,G6Pase,E.C.3.1.3.9)活性及基因表达,并分析高脂肪与低脂肪水平日粮对翘嘴红鲌生长的影响。与低脂水平日粮相比,高脂水平日粮组血液甘油三酯水平和游离脂肪酸水平分别在摄食后3h、12h有增加现象,肝胰脏粗蛋白与脂肪含量有显著增加(P<0.05)。与低脂水平日粮相比,在摄食后3～12h高脂肪水平日粮组糖代谢酶GK的mRNA水平显著增加(P<0.05),但是日粮脂肪水平并不能显著影响GK活性(P>0.05)。在摄食后3～24h高脂肪水平日粮组糖代谢酶G6Pase的mRNA水平得到显著促进,并在摄食后24hG6Pase活性显著增加(P<0.05)。因此,摄食高脂肪水平日粮能增加肝胰脏粗蛋白与脂肪含量,造成翘嘴红鲌高血糖效应,诱导G6Pase酶活性及基因的表达,这可能是影响翘嘴红鲌碳水化合物利用的原因之一。     

黔单16号不同种植模式经济效益比较

为探索适宜黔南州节本增效的玉米种植模式,对黔单16号直播和营养球育苗移栽效益进行了比较.试验表明：玉米直播纯收入为474.17元/667m2,高于营养球育苗移栽纯收入高139.72元/667m2.     

Somatic embryogenesis in a broad spectrum of grape genotypes

Somatic embryogenesis is the preferred method for cell-to-plant regeneration of grapevine. In this study, we tested the embryogenic capacity of anther-derived calli from 59 grape genotypes, representing a diverse group of Vitis vinifera and hybrid varieties, and hybrids and accessions of non-vinifera Vitis species. Most genotypes were tested on two types of media: MST1 medium, which contained plant growth regulators (PGRs) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and thidiazuron (TDZ), and MSE medium, which contained 2,4-D and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Twenty-four of the grape genotypes produced embryogenic callus on one or both of these media, eighteen of which have not been reported to form somatic embryos before. The results also suggested that the various PGR combinations are differentially effective at inducing somatic embryos in various classes of grape genotypes. For example, seven of the eight V. vinifera conv. occidentalis varieties brought forth somatic embryos on MSE medium, and three out of four American Vitis genotypes produced somatic embryos on MST1 medium. We could not observe any apparent association between frequency of callus formation and embryogenic capacity of the anthers.     

Response to drought and salt stress of lemon ‘Fino 49’ under field conditions: Water relations,osmotic adjustment and gas exchange

Drought and salinity are two of the most important factors limiting the lemon yield in south-eastern Spain. The effects of drought and salt stress, applied independently, on water relations, osmotic adjustment and gas exchange in the highest evapotranspiration period were studied to compare the tolerance and adaptive mechanisms of 13-year-old ‘Fino 49’ lemon trees, in immature and mature leaves. The study was carried out in an experimental orchard located in Torre Pacheco (Murcia). Three treatments were applied: Control, well-irrigated; drought-stress (DS), non-irrigated from 15th May to 7th July and salinity, irrigated with 30 mM NaCl from 1st March to 7th July. At the end of the experiment, only DS trees showed a decreased leaf stem water potential (Ψ_md). Under DS conditions, both types of leaf lost turgor and did not show any osmotic or elastic mechanism to maintain leaf turgor. Osmotic adjustment was the main tolerance mechanism for maintenance of turgor under salt stress, and was achieved by the uptake of Cl⁻ ions. Gas-exchange parameters were reduced by DS but not by salinity, stomatal closure being the main adaptive mechanism for avoidance of water loss and maintenance of leaf turgor. Salinity gave rise to greater Cl⁻ accumulation in mature than in immature leaves. The increase of proline in immature leaves due to DS indicates greater damage than in mature leaves.     

6 - 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因(6PGDH) 的克隆与甜瓜属异源四倍体的分子验证

 根据已发表的黄瓜6 - 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶(6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase ) 基因6PGDH的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号: EU815934) 设计引物, 扩增了甜瓜属异源四倍体新种及野生种和栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’的6PGDH基因片段, 测序结果表明3个种的6PGDH基因片段序列表现出高度的一致性,长度均为1 098 bp包含936 bp编码311个氨基酸的阅读框和162 bp的3′非翻译区末端, 片段内无内含子存在。利用DNAMAN软件检测到异源四倍体新种与野生种和栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’氨基酸的差异位点有3个, 碱基差异位点有22个, 差异位点的遗传分布符合孟德尔遗传学定律, 从而在分子水平证实了异源四倍体新种是野生种和栽培黄瓜‘北京截头’的杂交后代。     

辣椒雄性不育三系品种安辣6号的选育

安辣6号是安徽农业大学园艺学院和合肥江淮园艺研究所以质核互作雄性不育系97-22A为母本、恢复系96-25C为父本配制的辣椒杂交一代新品种。中早熟;果实羊角形,青果深绿色,果长18～22cm,果肩宽1.6cm,果肉厚0.28cm,味极辣;平均单果质量23g,667m2产量约3300kg。采用三系配套制种,667m2种子产量可增加29%,生产成本降低49%,杂交一代种子纯度达到100%。适宜安徽、江西、浙江等地栽培。     

The effects of rhIL-1β on human fetal islets function and IL-6 production

AIM: To study rhIL-1β effects on fetal islet function and IL-6 production in vitro METHODS: Islets from fetal pancreas was separated by collagenase type V (0.5 mg/mL) and cultured in vitro The islets were exposed to culture medium alone for 48 h or with different concentration of rhIL-1β The supernatants of culture of human fetal islets were assayed for IL-6, insulin and glucagon RESULTS:(1) IL-6 activity was increased 4 0 folds (74-294 mU/islet) when islets were exposed to rhIL-1β(20U/mL); (2) IL-6 McAb significantly reduced IL-6 activity in islet supernatants from control group or islet exposed to rhIL-1β treated group; (3)IL-6 mRNA in human fetal islet exposed to rhIL-1β is higher than control in dot hybridization; (4) Soluble insulin and cellular insulin within islet released to supernatants was slightly decreased (0.48～0.78 IU/islet and 0.65～0.79 IU/islet); (5) Glucagon secretion was significantly increased 3.2 folds (1.0～3.2 pg/islet) CONCLUSION: Pancreatic islets produce IL-6 is up-regulated by rhIL-1β On the other hand, Il-6 produced by the islet may act as a costimulator for autoreactive B and T lymphocytes in autoimmune diabetes.     

三系杂交水稻新品种川香优569的选育

为选育新的杂交水稻新品种应用于贵州水稻生产,采用杂交和复交途径,聚合多个材料的优异性状,育成新的三系恢复系 G569,再用 G569与不育系川香29A 配组育成杂交水稻新组合川香优569,经贵州省2010-2011年区域试验,川香优569平均单产9．22 t/hm2,比对照（Ⅱ优838）增产7．29％;2012年生产试验平均单产为8．38 t/hm2,比对照平均增产6．70％。川香优569的稻瘟病抗性、稻米理化指标和食味鉴评结果均优于对照,于2014年6月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定,适合贵州一季中籼迟熟稻区种植。