Contributions to the Functional Morphology of Fishes Part VI

Some anatomical, adult shell and larval features of Unto coffer Krauss are described and compared to those reported in previous accounts of this and other species. The findings necessitate the removal of U. caffer from the nominal genus Cafferia Simpson, for which it is the type species, and its return to the genus Unio Pbilipsson, in the Unionidae: Unioninae. Cafferia consequently becomes a junior subjective synonym of Unto.

Unio caffer is characterized in part by zigzag beak sculpture, dimorphic septal spacing between the marsupial, outer (comparatively dense) and the non-marsupial, inner (more distant) demibranchs and also within the marsupial demibranchs, the presence of perforated marsupial septa and imperforate non-marsupial septa, the occurrence of hermaphrodites in some but apparently not all populations, production of subtriangular glochidia with a hook at the ventral margin of each valve, short-term incubation of larvae in the marsupial demibranchs, and by its disjunct occurrence in the southern Ethiopian region (other Unio occurring only in the Palearctic).

These adult shell and anatomical features relate this species to those of several nominal genera in the Oriental region, although the latter are distinguished from it by the production of subovate, hookless glochidia.     

Serengeti III: Human Impacts on Ecosystem Dynamics

During a survey of seals in September and October 2009 at Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean, we recorded goose barnacles (Lepas australis) attached to the pelage of two of the 12 elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) inspected and one of the seven vagrant Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) which were found amongst the resident Subantarctic fur seals (A. tropicalis). We also recorded a goose barnacle attached to a Northern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi).     

湄洲岛北部区环境整治方案设计

湄洲岛是妈祖文化的发祥地,其祖庙是世界第一座妈祖庙,而湄洲岛北部区是全岛的门户,作为湄洲岛的对外窗口形象,该区段进行环境整治非常迫切。通过深入分析场地环境所存在的一系列问题,寻找设计对策,进行科学定位、分区整治和分期实施,使其成为与妈祖文化相和谐的综合配套服务功能区。     

橡胶树红根病病原菌的鉴定(Ⅱ)

通过对室内人工培养的２种类型橡胶树红根病菌子实体的外部形态、内部微观结构包括担孢子、管孔、管孔间隔膜等分类学上特征的观察，以及与大田病树上子实体的比较，进一步证实海南岛２种类型橡胶树红根病菌的性状差异达到变种级水平。类型Ⅰ和类型Ⅱ可区分为２个不同的变种。     

Morphological changes during the transition from freshwater to sea water in an amphidromous goby,Sicyopterus lagocephalus (Pallas 1770) (Teleostei)

The widely distributed amphidromous goby Sicyopterus lagocephalus needs drastic change of habitat to fulfil its life cycle: adults live and spawn in rivers, where eggs hatch into prolarvae that have to reach the sea to acquire characteristics of planktonic larvae. Postlarvae return to rivers where they recruit and grow to the adult reproductive stage. Here, we describe the prolarval stages, namely from hatching to first contact with sea water, as well as the first marine larval stages. The observations were made under experimental conditions. We described 3 prolarval substages in freshwater (L1a–L1c). Prolarvae present a slight but visible ontogenetic development in freshwater, during which the yolk sac begins to reduce, the pigmentation increases on the body and in the eyes, and the lenses appear, although the eyes are not functional. Prolarvae need to reach the sea in a maximum of 96 h to pursue their development. Their transfer in sea water at a salinity of 36.5 induces important morphological modifications (i.e. yolk sac full absorption, appearance of pectoral fins, migration of the eyes in anterolateral position of the head, opening of mouth and anus), enabling the organisms to adapt to their new environment. This marine stage is divided into two substages: L2a corresponding to the organisation of the morphological structures adapted to the marine environment and L2b during which these morphological structures become functional. Whether it is in freshwater or sea water, the duration of the substages depends on the water temperature, but is similar for all individuals for a given temperature.     

基于InVEST模型的海南岛氮磷营养物负荷的风险评估

对于面源污染的防治，首要任务是量化氮磷营养物的负荷。应用InVEST模型中的水质净化模块，模拟海南岛氮磷营养物的输出负荷，并根据富营养化含量指标表划分氮磷负荷的风险区域。结果表明：海南岛水质状况总体良好，大部分区域的水质达到或优于国家地表水Ⅲ类标准，但是部分区域磷的输出负荷偏高，处于风险水区。以氮为限值的贫营养化水区、贫-中营养化水区、中营养化水区和中-富营养化水区分别占总面积的21.42％、49.98％、11.58％、17.02％。以磷为限值的贫-中营养化水区、中营养化水区、中-富营养化水区和风险水区分     

Ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of chickens commonly reared under backyard poultry farming in Mizoram,India

The present study was undertaken to characterize the ultrastructural morphology of the blood cells of commonly reared chickens in the state of Mizoram, India under backyard poultry farming. For this study, 2 ml of whole blood was aseptically collected from the wings veins of 12 chickens of three different breeds namely the Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red and processed for ultrastructural imaging under standard protocols. Under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the matured erythrocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared elliptical in shape while the leukocytes and thrombocytes appeared round in shape with variable surface modifications. Under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the granules of the heterophils of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red appeared predominantly fusiform in shape, the granules of the eosinophils appeared round in shape and that of the basophils appeared pleomorphic in shape. The cytoplasm of the monocytes, medium-to-large lymphocytes and thrombocytes of Zoar, Aseel and Rhode Island Red under TEM appeared to be vacuolated and granular while that of the small lymphocytes appeared to be granular but non-vacuolated. The study concluded that the ultrastructural characteristics of the blood cells of the three breeds of chicken studied were almost similar to the blood cells of other birds reported earlier.     

千岛湖林场森林旅游开发探索

总结了淳安县千岛湖林场建设发展森林旅游业的一系列经营管理办法，并就当前景区存在的一些问题和面临的机遇，提出了应对措施。     

尖峰岭国家级自然保护区青皮林资源及其垂直分布特征

尖峰岭国家级自然保护区三分区的青皮林是目前海南岛保存最好的林分之一，其生态系统的原生性较强．组成种类繁多，林分结构合理，平均胸径为28．6cm，最大植株胸径达143．3cm，23个样方中有14个样方出现了胸径≥70cm的大乔木；林木蓄积量高达469．773m^3／hm^2，而青皮、细子龙、野生荔枝、盘壳栎等13个种的蓄积量占总蓄积量的45％，其余301个少见种或偶见种的蓄积量只占55％，反映了青皮是热带常绿季雨林生态系统关键种的现实。青皮与细子龙、野生荔枝等的最佳分布海拔在300m～650m之间，它们与向低海拔分布的白茶、翻白叶和向高海拔分布的大叶白颜、青兰、拟核果茶等一道组成了热带常绿季雨林的表征种类。     

海南岛尖峰岭林区昆虫区系-钩蛾科*

海南岛尖峰岭的钩蛾科昆虫区系,经过调研共采到13属24种,约占我国已知种的30％,其中有海南新记录20种。以属为单元,山钩蛾属、卑钩蛾属和黄钩蛾属为优势属;以种为单元,直缘卑钩蛾、角山钩蛾、窗斑巨钩蛾、交让木钩蛾、黄胫赭钩蛾和紫带褐钩蛾为优势种。在四种森林植被类型中,以热带山地雨林钩蛾的属、种数及虫口数为最多,这与该类型维管束植物的种数最多相同步。尖峰岭各月都有成虫出现,多数虫种高峰月集中在1、2月。