基于GIS的海南岛芒果气候适宜性精细化区划研究

以海南岛18个国家气象站1966—2019年的日观测数据为基础,对海南岛18个市（县）芒果单产的气象产量与其各生育期气温、降水、日照、相对湿度等做相关分析,选取花期平均气温、果实发育期平均气温、年≥10 ℃积温作为区划指标,同时考虑坡度因素的影响,采用集优法基于GIS开展了海南岛芒果种植精细化气候区划。结果表明,海南岛芒果种植气候适宜区主要分布在昌江、东方、乐东、三亚、陵水、万宁、琼海等西部南部和东部市（县）的沿海乡（镇）,不适宜区主要分布在五指山大部、白沙南部、昌江南部、乐东东北部、三亚北部、陵水北部等市（县）地形陡峭的山地,其余为次适宜区。区划结果可为海南岛芒果种植布局规划和产业结构调整提供科学依据。     

海南甜瓜细菌性果斑病田间药效试验

进行了5种药剂防治甜瓜细菌性果斑病田间药效试验。试验结果表明,第二次施药后7 d,5种药剂处理中以20%二氯异氰尿酸钠可湿性粉剂750倍液的防效最好,为65.47%,其次为53.8%可杀得(氢氧化铜)2000干悬浮剂800倍液,防效为56.45%;25%叶枯唑可湿性粉剂750倍液、72%农用链霉素可溶性粉剂3 000倍液和12%松脂酸铜乳油800倍液3个处理的防效分别为51.60%,50.86%和50.20%。上述药剂在生产上可轮换使用,5 d 1次,连续2~3次。     

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.     

浓缩尊贵与浪漫的爱情天堂——海南石梅湾加井岛景观规划

近年来,我国已逐渐进入度假旅游时代,旅游产品正从观光型向度假和专项旅游相结合的趋势发展,而高品位的蜜月度假已越来越受到新人们的青睐。海南石梅湾加井岛有着优越的自然资源、良好的区位优势和美好的发展前景。是为数不多的具有淡水资源且离大陆较近的袖珍岛屿。该文以加井岛为研究对象,指出其旅游开发的意义,分析其旅游资源现状和特征,探讨了旅游度假区开发的优劣势,提出以“蜜月岛”为开发定位的对策和建议,对加井岛的旅游开发规划具有指导意义。     

小石岛刺参国家级水产种质资源保护区综合评价

为全面掌握小石岛刺参国家级水产种质资源保护区状况,于2012―2018年对该保护区的水环境、沉积物环境、海洋生物生态、保护生物资源概况和主要保护对象刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的遗传多样性进行调查,并分别采用单因子污染指数(Pi)、有机污染指数(A)、生物多样性指数(H')、线粒体DNA D-l...     

硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网虾渔获组成

根据2005年渔业资源监测船生产调查资料和现场取样数据,运用数理统计方法分析了虾拖网虾渔获组成、生物学特征以及月份变化等。结果表明:硇洲岛周围水域虾拖网捕获的虾类主要是沿岸性底栖虾类,渔获中优质虾种少,幼虾比例高,墨吉明对虾、日本囊对虾、哈氏仿对虾是虾拖网渔业的主捕虾种,虾渔获组成存在明显的月份变化。为合理利用虾类资源和促进虾渔业可持续发展,应根据虾类特性开发适宜广东沿海虾拖网的选择性捕捞技术,减少幼虾兼捕量。     

永兴岛岛礁植物害虫普查及风险评估

为了有效监控永兴岛危险性害虫发生与危害,本研究对永兴岛可调查的所有陆地区域野生盐生植物、园林绿化植物、耐盐果蔬和绿色固沙植物害虫进行系统性普查及风险评估。普查结果表明:8种野生盐生植物上害虫(螨)19种,其中5种外来入侵害虫和11种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;57种园林绿化植物上害虫(螨)33种,其中9种外来入侵害虫和17种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;31种耐盐果蔬害虫(螨)36种,其中7种外来入侵害虫和20种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;22种绿色固沙植物害虫(螨)15种,其中5种外来入侵害虫和5种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害。风险评估结果表明,椰心叶甲(Brontispa longissima)、木瓜秀粉蚧(Paracoccus marginatus)、扶桑绵粉蚧(Phenacoccus solenopsis)的综合风险值(R)均为2.09,在永兴岛均属于高度危险有害生物,椰子织蛾(Opisina arenosella)、波氏白背盾蚧(Diaspis boisduvalii)、新菠萝灰粉蚧(Dysmicoccu neobrevipes)、烟粉虱(Bemisia ...     

舟山海岛白及林下栽培技术研究

本文论述了一种舟山海岛白及（Bletilla striata）栽培方法，该方法包括选地、整地、大田种植、抚育管理和采收等步骤。普陀鹅耳枥（Carpinus putoensis）林地作为本次研究的试验林地，引种临安紫花白及、温州泰顺紫花白及、云南紫花白及、云南白花白及、陕西紫花白及一年生苗。栽培环境保持林分透光率50%左右，加强肥水管理，可有效促进白及生长和块茎营养物质积累，栽培3年后即可采收，尤以临安紫花白及适应性最强。海岛地区林下栽培白及可充分利用现有土地，降低生产成本低，具有良好的经济效益、生态效益及社会效益。     

海南岛花卉种质资源考察报告

1987—1990年考察了海南岛17个县市的花卉资源,共搜集花卉种质859种(变种、品种、型),内含野生种406种,栽培种453种,隶属97科,390属。其中,海南特有种47种,兰科植物东亚特有属3个,海南新记录属5个,新记录种13个;保存活种质713份。这次考察基本摸清了海南岛花卉种质资源的分布、生态、环境、花果期、主要性状和分类名称。最后,推荐十余种观赏价值较高的种类,供研究和利用。     

Galápagos land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus) as a seed disperser

The role of the most common land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus) in the Galápagos Islands as an effective seed disperser is explored in this study. A total of 5705 seeds of 32 plant species were identified from 160 scats, 4545 of which (80%) appeared visually undamaged. Germination trials of 849 seeds from 29 species revealed that at least 10 species remained viable after passing through the iguana's gut, although only a small proportion of those seeds (4%) germinated. In any case, we argue that C. subcristatus exerts an important role on the 7 Galapagos islands where it occurs because of its abundance and capacity to ingest and disperse seeds at long distances. Our results strongly suggest that the Galápagos C. subcristatus plays an important role as a seed disperser of not only of native species but also some introduced plants in the Galápagos Islands.