立式捏合机混合釜内流场遍历性研究

流场遍历是流场混合的必要条件.根据立式捏合机混合釜内螺旋桨刃尖的运动特征,定义了穿越、遍历率和遍历时间等基本概念;提出了用遍历率和遍历时间来评价流场遍历性能;分析了螺旋桨的自转公转转速比对流场遍历率和遍历时间的影响.研究结果表明:螺旋桨的自转公转转速比对流场遍历性能具有极大影响,并可以通过比较不同转速比所对应的遍历率大小得到较优的螺旋桨的自转公转转速比;采用双螺旋桨能明显提高系统遍历率,降低遍历时间.     

3WY-A3型喷雾机变量喷雾实时混药控制试验

为依据作物对药液的实际需求进行变量喷施,达到节约农药和保护环境的目的,该文针对3WY-A3手推式喷雾机,设计了一种实时混药式变量喷雾系统.该系统主要包括混药装置、差压流量计、流量控制阀和控制系统硬件及软件等.通过实时混药控制试验,结果表明,药流量的控制范围为0.1～0.9 mL/s,误差在士5％左右.该研究可为实时混药...     

卵磷脂桶混助剂的特性及其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用

为明确新型卵磷脂类桶混助剂“融透”的特性,采用透射电镜和激光粒度分析仪表征了其物理性质,并通过室内生物测定和田间药效试验测定了其在防治稻飞虱中对氟啶虫胺腈的协同增效作用。结果表明,“融透”中含有圆形脂质体,Z平均粒径为129.5 nm。室内生物测定结果表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对褐飞虱的毒力增加1.67倍。田间药效试验表明,“融透”可使氟啶虫胺腈对稻飞虱的防效提高9.04%~41.77%;当氟啶虫胺腈减量40%时,添加“融透”的处理对稻飞虱的防效与未添加“融透”的常量组相当。研究结果表明,卵磷脂桶混助剂“融透”可以通过形成脂质体提高药剂的利用率,从而达到增效的作用。     

A rapid extensigraph protocol for measuring dough viscoelasticity and mixing requirement

The extensigraph is particularly useful in characterizing dough viscoelastic properties; however, testing throughput for standard method is low due to the prerequisite for farinograph water absorption, long dough resting and milling to prepare large amounts of flour. Therefore, a rapid extensigraph method was developed that reduced sample size (165 g wheat) for milling and more than tripled throughput. Wheat is milled in Quadrumat Junior mill with a modified sieving system. The resulting flour (100 g) was mixed with a pin mixer at constant water absorption to allow the evaluation of wheat genotypes at the absorption level they are expected to perform. Dough was subsequently stretched by an extensigraph after 15 min of floor time and 30 min resting. Strong correlations for extensigram R_max (r > 0.93), extensibility (r > 0.64) and area (r > 0.88) were found for the proposed method compared to the standard method. Mixing parameters (time and energy) obtained during dough preparation provided further information about dough strength and mixing requirement. By significantly reducing sample size requirement and increasing testing throughput, this rapid extensigraph method can be widely adopted in milling and baking industry and meets the need for a fast evaluation of dough strength in breeding trials.     

Combined mutations in five wheat STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II genes improve resistant starch but affect grain yield and bread-making quality

Increases in the proportion of amylose in the starch of wheat grains result in higher levels of resistant starch, a fermentable dietary fiber associated with human health benefits. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of combined mutations in five STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) genes on starch composition, grain yield and bread-making quality in two hexaploid wheat varieties. Significantly higher amylose (∼60%) and resistant starch content (10-fold) was detected in the SBEII mutants than in the wild-type controls. Mutant lines showed a significant decrease in total starch (6%), kernel weight (3%) and total grain yield (6%). Effects of the mutations in bread-making quality included increases in grain hardness, starch damage, water absorption and flour protein content; and reductions in flour extraction, farinograph development and stability times, starch viscosity, and loaf volume. Several traits showed significant interactions between genotypes, varieties, and environments, suggesting that some of the negative impacts of the combined SBEII mutations can be ameliorated by adequate selection of genetic background and growing location. The deployment of wheat varieties with increased resistant starch will likely require economic incentives to compensate growers and millers for the significant reductions detected in grain and flour yields.     

生物柴油搅拌装置的设计

生物柴油制备器械很多,但制备过程中油料预混合及配套加热器械却很少。为了进一步完善现今这一领域的不足,设计了一种适用于生物柴油的油料搅拌装置。为此,阐述了该装置的主要结构、工作原理和主要技术参数,并以200r/min的转速为标准,运用gambit进行图形绘制和网格划分,采用fluent软件对该机内部流场进行仿真分析,验证了其转速的合理性。基于STC89C51单片机和DS18B20的温度传感技术,设计了一种温度控制装置,可在生物柴油制备过程中使油料更好地进行预混合和加热,从而提高了生物柴油的制备效率和质量,减少了操作时间。     

高剪切匀浆泵两相流动的数值模拟

为了研究高剪切匀浆泵对物料的剪切混合效果,掌握剪切泵内流场的宏观规律和速度特性,应用三维造型软件Pro/E建立高剪切匀浆泵的水力模型,采用计算流体动力学的数值计算方法,基于Mixture混合模型,扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程及SIMPLEC算法对高剪切匀浆泵进行固液两相流的数值模拟.为了减小网格数量对计算结果的影响,对高剪切匀浆泵进行了网格的无关性检验.对不同流量和转速工况下的高剪切匀浆泵进行了数值模拟及横向比较,分析了流量和转速对剪切泵内流场的影响规律.分析结果表明：物料在经过剪切外腔后混合均匀程度显著提高,说明该剪切泵能对物料起到较好的混合均匀作用;随着流量的增大,固液两相混合均匀化速率变慢;随着转速的增大,两相混合均匀程度及速率变快,但改变转速只对转轮部分有影响,对进口区域的固相体积分数影响不大.     

聚脲喷枪混合室的设计和FLUENT仿真分析

为提高聚脲喷涂喷枪的混合效果,基于撞击流理论设计了一种新型聚脲喷涂喷枪的混合室。混合室采用两级撞击混合,分别采用两组T型和两组Y型对撞混合形式。利用SolidWorks设计混合室的结构模型后,利用FLUENT软件,采用冷、热水在混合室内撞击混合、对流传热的方法进行仿真模拟,并且计算了流体在混合室内的微观混合时间。结果表明:合理增加撞击流混合室的混合级数和采用多组T型、Y型对撞混合形式可增益混合效果;撞击流混合室的主要混合区是在撞击区;流体在喷枪内停留的总时间约为5.71 ms,满足具有反应迅速这一特性的材料的混合要求;微观混合时间小于1 ms,混合效果优异。      

基于Fuzzy-Smith控制器的营养液pH值调控系统研究

pH值的控制是水肥一体化营养液循环控制系统的重要环节,水肥控制过程中pH值在最优控制范围内有利于根系的发育以及多数矿物质的吸收。营养液调控过程中,由于循环管路以及酸液的缓慢扩散,使得pH值调节过程存在很大的时滞,传统PID难以取得良好效果。本研究根据被控对象特点,建立了描述该过程的数学模型,设计开发了一套具有二次混肥特性的以MSP430单片机为主控的营养液pH值控制系统。由于参数自整定模糊PID不需要精确数学模型以及Smith预估可对纯滞后进行补偿的特点,开发的系统将参数自整定模糊PID控制引入Smith预估当中,既缓解了滞后时间对控制系统的影响,又对模型的不精确性进行了补偿。为了验证该算法以及系统的有效性和优越性,分别对PID、Fuzzy-Smith控制算法进行仿真测试,同时在不同灌溉量下进行性能试验。试验结果表明,在不同灌溉量下Fuzzy-Smith控制算法pH值的平均最大超调量为0.83%,营养液pH值从8.0调节为6.0的平均时间为157s,优于常规PID控制的2.55%和189s。     

黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响

研究了黄腐酸旱地龙拌种、浇灌以及喷施对小麦和玉米生长的影响。结果表明:拌种时间为30 min时可提高小麦的发芽率和促进小麦苗期生长;浇灌试验中,正常供水条件下,浓度为600倍的稀释溶液相比对照可显著降低叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量,分别降低17.7%和15.6%;而干旱胁迫下,稀释480倍处理相比对照显著提高叶绿素a含量达24%;浇灌FA可显著提高田间玉米花粒期株高和Chla+b,分别提高7%和17%,喷施处理提高叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率,分别为25%和28%,而浇灌处理提高了62%和45%;浇灌FA显著提高田间小麦苗期和返青期叶绿素含量。