信息素诱虫板对茶叶黑刺粉虱的诱捕试验

为了研究信息素诱虫板对茶叶上黑刺粉虱的防治效果,每667 m²安装放置20片信息素诱虫板,每2天调查一次虫口数量,计算校正防效。田间试验结果表明：信息素诱虫板对茶叶黑刺粉虱有较好的防治效果,安装信息素诱虫板20天后处理区平均虫口密度从923头/50片叶降到190头/50片叶,防治效果逐渐增加,校正防效达78.9%,20~30天仍保持较高的防治效果。黑刺粉虱信息素诱虫板的持效期可长达1个月。     

基于正交设计的施用硫磺、控水灌溉和施肥对蓝莓生长的影响

旨在优化高寒地区蓝莓栽培模式,利用正交试验研究了施用硫磺、控水和施肥3个因素对大兴安岭地区蓝莓品种‘美登’植株生长的影响。结果表明:3个因素正交处理对蓝莓生长指标的影响程度较大,不同处理之间各生长参数均存在较大的变异幅度,3个因素之间存在明显的互作效应,并且拮抗效应较小。极差分析结果表明,对蓝莓株高、冠幅和枝条长度影响最大的因素为土壤相对含水率,而对枝条粗度影响最大的因素为施肥。3个因素互作下均表现为各因素的3水平或4水平蓝莓生长性状最优,结合各生长参数的变化结果,建议大兴安岭地区蓝莓品种‘美登’施用硫磺量为70~80 g/m2,施硫酸钾复合肥7.5~10 g/株,土壤相对含水率维持在45%~60%。     

浅圆仓不同功率风机通风试验研究

利用2.2kW的轴流风机组与7.5kW的离心风机组,对两个浅圆仓进行通风降温,经对比试验,在储粮数量、储粮品种、入仓时间、入仓质量、粮情状况等基本相同的浅圆仓中,当降温效果基本相同时,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风时间较长,7.5kW离心风机组降温效果较快,但水损较多,2.2kW的轴流风机组通风耗能较低,吨粮降温成本较低。     

朝鲜蓟发酵茶泡制工艺研究

以感官评价为指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验设计优化朝鲜蓟发酵茶泡制工艺。结果表明,朝鲜蓟发酵茶的最佳泡制工艺为冲泡时间22 min,加水量243 mL,冲泡水温86℃,粉碎度40目,在此条件下感官评分为90分。通过ABTS法和DPPH法检测表明,朝鲜蓟袋泡茶具有明显的抗氧化能力。     

彩色甜椒品种比较试验

为筛选获得适合广东大棚栽培种植的优良彩色甜椒品种,采用随机区组设计方法对引进的5个彩色甜椒品种‘锦紫’、‘锦玉’、‘锦黄’、‘锦红’和‘锦桂’进行品种比较试验。品种间植物学性状、产量、商品性和果实品质分析的结果表明：品种间植株生长势差异显著;‘锦紫’和‘锦红’单株产量和小区产量高,但‘锦紫’果实品质差;‘锦红’和‘锦黄’维生素C含量高、含糖量高、口感好、商品性最好,可作为广东大棚大面积推广的优质品种。     

如何提高食品试验设计课程教学效果的探讨

食品试验设计与统计分析是一门理论性和实践性较强的课程,针对该课程既难教也难学的特点,对提高该课程的教学效果进行了探讨。     

灌浆初期低温对春玉米产量构成的影响研究

旨在研究东北地区低温冷害对春玉米灌浆的影响,确定春玉米灌浆期间冷害影响农业气象指标。用人工气候室通过模拟自然低温（平均15℃、17℃、19℃）方法,对灌浆初期盆栽春玉米进行（3、5、7天）胁迫处理。结果表明：春玉米在灌浆初期经不同天数的低温处理后,穗粒数减少,穗粒重、百粒重和叶绿素降低,成熟期延迟,果穗秃尖长度和籽粒含水量增加,作物产量呈不同程度的下降。温度越低,持续时间越长,对玉米产量的影响越严重。其中在15℃低温下处理7天后,玉米产量下降最大,较对照穗粒重减少了32.4%,百粒重减少9.2%。可见,灌浆初期低温对春玉米产量结构影响最大的因素是结实率和籽粒干物质含量的双重降低。     

Diversity of methodologies to experiment Integrated Pest Management in arable cropping systems: Analysis and reflections based on a European network

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) aims to promote physical and biological regulation strategies that help farmers contain populations of pests (pathogens, animal pests and weeds) and to finally reduce the reliance on pesticides. It is based on the holistic combination of multiple management measures rather than on the sum of single methods, each of them having only small effects on pests reduction. Thus, to analyse the interactions between IPM measures and to evaluate the sustainability of their implementation, we require an approach considering the whole cropping system (CS), i.e. a functional entity whose complexity is more than the sum of its parts. A network of European experiments at the CS level was set up recently, and aimed at sharing data and expertise to enhance knowledge of IPM. Comparison of existing methodologies highlighted a diversity of CS designs and experimental layouts. We deduced that the concept of CS itself was viewed differently among scientists, and this affected experimental protocols. Other differences were related to the research context and objectives. Some experiments aimed to explore very innovative strategies and generated knowledge on both their effects on the agroecosystem and their ability to satisfy a set of performance targets, while others aimed to provide quickly adoptable solutions for local farmers in line with the current socio-economic constraints. In some research programmes, the experiment was part of the CS design process — and tested CS were regularly revised based on an continuous improvement loop — while in other cases CS were kept stable across years so as to enable the evaluation of their long-term cumulative effects. A critical aspect contributing to the diversity among CS experiments was the distinction between a factorial design of experimental CS and systemic approaches: factorial experiments allowed quantification of the effects of each IPM component regardless of the consistency between components defining the CS. In contrast, systemic approaches focused on the overall evaluation of CS designed with consideration of their consistency, hence maximising their ability to meet the objectives. Because CS experiments represent a huge investment in terms of economics and time, preliminary reflections of the relevance of the experimental strategy is of critical importance.     

水培和盆栽试验玉米生物性状的比较

采用水培和盆栽试验,在低磷和高磷两个供磷水平下,以6个不同玉米基因型种子为材料,对玉米基因型生物性状和磷效率进行比较,结果表明：在水培试验下,玉米基因型的相对主根长和相对根冠比均比盆栽试验低,相对干重和磷效率均比盆栽试验高,方差分析表明,不同试验方法间相对主根长、相对根冠比、相对干重和磷效率均达显著差异。     

快速溶剂萃取技术在2种食药用真菌多糖提取中的应用

为建立快速溶剂萃取技术提取食药用真菌多糖的新方法,以猪苓、茯苓为研究对象,采用单因素及正交实验优选快速溶剂萃取法提取多糖的最佳工艺条件.结果 表明,快速溶剂萃取法用于猪苓多糖提取的最佳工艺参数为提取温度110℃,提取压力110 bar,提取时间20 min,循环2次,在此条件下,猪苓多糖的含量为(7.8684士0.10...