WTO渔业补贴谈判的IUU捕捞补贴禁令研究

2018年重启的WTO渔业补贴协定谈判尚在进行中,其中禁止对IUU捕捞的补贴得到WTO成员的广泛认同,但在IUU捕捞的认定、补贴禁令的执行以及如何处理领土和海洋管辖权争议问题、发展中国家的特殊和差别待遇等方面尚存在分歧。本文对IUU捕捞补贴禁令的有关重要事项进行了分析,建议在未来的协定中明确引用FAO《打击IUU捕捞国际行动计划》的定义;沿海国、船旗国、RFMO/A、港口国、补贴国按国际法可对IUU捕捞进行认定,但在认定方与补贴国不一致时应设定一个由补贴国的确认或核实的程序;补贴禁令的实施应按照“补贴谁、取消谁”的原则实施,并在程度上考虑IUU捕捞的严重性,且应规定IUU捕捞认定不当触发的补贴禁令对船舶造成损害的救济问题;领土和海洋管辖权争议应当完全排除在WTO渔业补贴协定之外;对未报告、无管制渔业的补贴禁令应当对发展中国家领海以内水域非大型工业渔业予以免除。此外,建议我国应坚定维护自身发展中国家地位,进一步加强取消从事IUU捕捞活动的补贴,尽快修改《渔业法》完善打击IUU捕捞条款,并尽早加入《港口国措施协定》。     

Interannual variation in summer habitat utilization by juvenile southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) in southern Western Australia

The spatial habitat utilization of juvenile southern bluefin tuna in southern Western Australia was investigated using automated acoustic receivers with acoustic transmitters implanted in tagged fish during three austral summers (2004/2005, N = 79 fish, 2005/2006, N = 81, 2006/2007, N = 84). Seventy acoustic receivers were deployed at three cross-shelf lines and three coastal topographic features (lumps) between December and May. We observed markedly different patterns of habitat utilization between the three seasons: (i) aggregation at lumps in 2004/2005 and 2006/2007, and (ii) wide distribution over the continental shelf (i.e., few occurring at lumps) in 2005/2006. Vertical profile by conductivity-temperature-depth casts showed these spatial shifts were caused by interannual changes in the presence of sub-Antarctic water. The sub-Antarctic water was present in the subsurface layer close to the continental slope only during 2005/2006, and the area had higher chlorophyll-a concentrations than the coastal areas, including at the lumps. These environmental characters, related to the nutrient rich sub-Antarctic water, appear to have a strong influence on fish distributions in 2005/2006, and may occur generally during La Niña events. Interannual fluctuations in habitat utilization will influence detection of fish in recruitment monitoring surveys and thus bias the resulting juvenile abundance indices.     

木工榫槽铣刀的固有频率测试研究

分别采用随机激励功率谱和声学测量法测试木工榫槽铣刀的固有频率。结果表明，两种测试方法皆可行且安全可靠。对木工榫槽铣刀固有频率的测试研究可为木工榫槽铣刀设计与优化提供借鉴。     

The flexural properties of young Pinus elliottii x Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape and their prediction from acoustic measurements

The objectives of this study were to determine the bending strength and stiffness properties of young Pinus elliottii x P. caribaea var. hondurensis timber from the Southern Cape, South Africa, and to evaluate the predictability of these properties from acoustic measurements on standing trees, logs and their sawn boards. The timber has good bending strength (MOR) properties but the mean stiffness (MOE_stat) was significantly lower than that required for structural-grade timber. The mean MOE_stat was also about 30% lower than a P. radiata control sample. The MOE_stat of sawn boards could be predicted from acoustic stress wave measurements on standing trees with a correlation (r) of 0.48 and from acoustic resonance frequency measurements on sawn boards with a correlation of 0.85. The MOR of sawn boards was not significantly correlated with acoustic stress wave measurements on standing trees and only moderately correlated with acoustic resonance frequency measurements on sawn boards (r = 0.45).     

Spring home ranges of white bass in irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River Basin, Nebraska

Abstract –  Fishery biologists have documented small home ranges, relative to available habitat, for many littoral freshwater fishes. Home ranges for pelagic species, such as white bass Morone chrysops , are generally not well described, yet are thought to be large. We studied white bass movement using acoustic telemetry in two irrigation reservoirs of the Republican River basin in south-western Nebraska. Acoustic transmitters were implanted in fall of the previous year and tracking occurred a minimum of once per week throughout spring (mid-March to May) 2007 and 2008. Linear home ranges were calculated from observed locations of individual fish. Twelve of the twenty-seven tagged fish with at least five locations exhibited localised home ranges throughout the spring whereas the remaining fish exhibited home ranges extending across large portions of each reservoir. Home range size was not correlated with fish size or condition.     

Fine‐scale movement ecology of a freshwater top predator,Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), in response to the abiotic environment over the course of a year

Fine‐scale underwater telemetry affords an unprecedented opportunity to understand how aquatic animals respond to environmental changes. We investigated the movement patterns of an aquatic top predator, Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), using a three‐dimensional acoustic telemetry system installed in Kleiner Döllnsee (25 ha), a small, shallow, mesotrophic natural lake. Adult piscivorous perch (N = 16) were tagged and tracked in the whole lake at a minimum of 9‐s intervals over the course of one year. Perch increased swimming activity with higher water temperature and light intensity. Air pressure, wind speed and lunar phase also explained perch movements, but the effects were substantially smaller compared to temperature and light. Perch showed a strong diel pattern in activity, with farther swimming distances and larger activity spaces during the daytime, compared to the night‐time. To investigate the influence of prey distribution, we sampled the prey fish in both littoral and pelagic zones in both day and night monthly using gill nets. We found that the prey fish underwent diel horizontal migration, using the littoral zone during the day and the pelagic zone during the night. However, perch showed the opposite patterns, suggesting either that the prey fish avoided predation risk or that the horizontal diel migration of perch was driven by other mechanisms. Our results collectively suggest that the movement ecology of piscivorous perch is mainly governed by a foraging motivation as a function of abiotic variables, especially temperature and light.     

Site fidelity,diel and seasonal activities of yellow‐phase Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) in a freshwater habitat as inferred from acoustic telemetry

Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) perform large‐scale oceanic migrations between their spawning ground and growth habitats in continental waters during life history. However, between these migrations, they spend most of time in growth habitats such as rivers. To investigate the diel and seasonal activities, homing behaviour and home range of yellow‐phase Japanese eels in the lower reach of the Tone River, we tracked them throughout a year using a fine‐scale positioning system (VPS) based on acoustic telemetry. The tracked eels were generally nocturnal, but not exclusively. They were mainly mobile from spring to autumn, with little or no activity observed during winter. A transport‐release experiment showed that most eels returned to their original capture area within 13 days after release. The eels had very small home ranges (mean ± SD = 0.085 ± 0.068 km²), core areas (0.014 ± 0.014 km²) and linear home ranges (744 ± 268 m). They also tended to be distributed on one particular side of the river (right or left bank) and in one particular shore type (revetment or vegetation), rarely moving from one to the other. This study provides evidence for nocturnal, dormancy, homing behaviours, limited habitat use and small home range size in Japanese eels. The eels clearly showed strong fidelity to a “familiar” site, which contrasts with the long distances travelled during upstream and downstream migration phases in the river, and during spawning migrations in the ocean.     

Control and Improvement and the Grey Clustering Evaluation for Acoustic Environmental Quality of Residential Area

In this paper, the influencing factors of acoustic environmental quality of residential area including noise from transportation, industry, construction and society were analyzed, the comprehensive influence of acoustic environmental quality of residential area between indoor and outdoor ones was studied, the evaluation index system of acoustic environmental quality of residential area based on influencing elements of acoustic environmental quality of indoor and outdoor ones was established, the control standard and improvement strategies including planning, technology and management of acoustic environmental quality of residential area were put forward, the gray clustering evaluation model of acoustic environmental quality of residential area was set up, and a case was evaluated.     

植物声频控制技术对番茄生长性状、叶绿素及内源激素影响的研究

植物声频控制技术是利用作物与声波的协同关系,对作物发射一定波长和频率的声波,以促进作物生长及提高产量、质量的农业新技术.试验以番茄为试验材料,研究植物声频控制技术对番茄生长性状、叶绿素含量及内源激素生长素、赤霉素、玉米素核苷和脱落酸含量的影响.结果表明,植物声频控制技术能显著促进番茄的生长,可提高产量与叶片叶绿素的含量,还能刺激番茄内源激素生长素的分泌,并且刺激作用具有一定的时间积累效应.     

基于计算机视觉和声学响应信息融合的鸡蛋裂纹检测

为了提高对鸡蛋裂纹识别的准确性,建立利用计算机视觉和声学响应信息融合技术检测鸡蛋裂纹的系统,首先采集和分析鸡蛋被敲击后的声音信号,提取了4个特征频率、偏斜度平均值和崤度平均值共6个特征参数,作为人工神经网络的输入量,创建了结构为6-15-1的3层BP神经网络模型判别鸡蛋裂纹。其次,利用计算机视觉系统获取鸡蛋表面图像,提取了区域面积、圆形度、区域长径、短径和长短径之比共5个特征参数,作为BP人工神经网络的输入量,创建了结构为5-10-1的3层BP神经网络模型识别鸡蛋裂纹。最后,根据计算机视觉与声学响应技术检