鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺变化研究

[目的]研究鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺含量变化。[方法]利用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测法研究了鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油中酪胺、尸胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺、胍丁胺和腐胺7种生物胺含量在发酵过程中的变化。[结果]鱼酱油中的7种生物胺得到了很好的分离和测定,平均回收率较好,为88.6%～111.7%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中7种生物胺的变化规律：酪胺含量随发酵时间的延长增加较快,腐胺次之,组胺含量增加较少,尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量在发酵过程中变化很小。发酵30d得到的鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油中酪胺、腐胺、组胺、尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量分别为（20.75±0.84）、（8.95±0.55）、（3.37±0.27）、（0.32±0.07）、（0.14±0.02）、（0.67±0.02）、（0.69±0.03）mg/L,其与日本鱿鱼鱼酱油各种生物胺的含量比例相似。[结论]为鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油的生产提供技术资料。     

四种鱼肉的基本成分及胶原蛋白含量分析

通过测定鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicas)、鮻鱼(Liza haematocheila)、草鱼(Ctencpharyngodon idellus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)的背部肌肉基本成分及羟脯氨酸的含量,从而对其胶原蛋白含量进行分析。结果显示：四种鱼肉中粗蛋白含量分别为18.23%、19.82%、16.18%、17.07%;胶原蛋白的特征性氨基酸羟脯氨酸含量分别为0.0574%、0.0646%、0.0781%、0.0743%,胶原蛋白含量分别为0.6371%、0.7159%、0.8669%、0.8247%。结果表明：仅从蛋白质含量来看,鱼肉是一种很好的蛋白质来源,并且海水鱼优于淡水鱼。但鱼肉中胶原蛋白含量很低,表明鱼肉不适合作为胶原蛋白的提取原料。     

处理工艺对大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的影响

研究了交联改性前大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的NaHSO3改性处理工艺对大豆蛋白基胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明：当反应温度为30℃、反应时间为0.5 h、加入4% NaHSO3处理大豆蛋白,再经交联剂改性制备的大豆蛋白基胶黏剂胶合板干、湿强度满足GB/T 9846.3-2004中有关I类胶合板的强度要求。动态热机械性能( DMA)分析结果表明, NaHSO3改性处理后大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的机械性能和热稳定性都有所提高,固化起始温度略降低。差示扫描量热( DSC)和傅里叶红外光谱( FTIR)分析表明,经NaHSO3处理后蛋白质分子中的二硫键有明显的断裂,且有明显的DSC固化放热峰。交联改性前,大豆蛋白通过NaHSO3改性处理,可以降低大豆蛋白基胶黏剂的交联剂使用量,从而在不影响使用性能的前提下,进一步降低大豆蛋白胶黏剂的制作成本。     

江苏省宝应湖鱼类组成和优势种研究

[目的]对江苏省宝应湖鱼类组成进行研究。[方法]2012年9月至2014年5月通过标本采集和走访调查的方法对扬州市宝应湖鱼类种群结构进行了研究。[结果]宝应湖鱼类有41种,隶属7目、14科、33属。其中,物种数最多的为鲤形目,达26种,占调查鱼类物种总数的63.41%。从相对重要性指标(IRI)来看,宝应湖鱼类的优势种分别为鲫鱼、红鳍原鲌、条、贝氏条,多数优势种的平均体重为8.63~18.31 g。[结论]宝应湖鱼类种数减少,低龄化、小型化严重。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

鱼酱脱腥调味工艺研究

以低值淡水鱼为原料,添加日常调味料如姜汁、紫苏、食醋、辣椒、香叶、八角、味精、花椒粉等,综合开展鱼酱脱腥调味的影响研究,确定鱼酱脱腥工艺参数。结果表明:样品添加1%的姜汁,经蒸煮后,加入乙基麦芽酚0.05%,每250 g鱼酱添加含有紫苏水14%,香料水4%、料酒8%,食盐1.0%,辣椒酱3%,胡椒粉0.4%,味精0.6%,酱油2.5%的混合调味料,鱼酱成品感官评分显著升高(P<0.05),脂质氧化速度显著减慢(P<0.05),脱腥效果十分显著(P<0.05)。     

紫甘蓝花青素智能指示膜的制备及其在牛乳新鲜度监测中应用

为研究不同紫甘蓝花青素含量对大豆分离蛋白基智能指示膜性能的影响,提高指示膜的综合包装性能,考察指示膜对巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度的监测效果。以大豆分离蛋白（SoyProteinIsolate,SPI）为原料,添加紫甘蓝花青素（Purple CabbageAnthocyanins,PCA）制备指示膜,对其结构、热性能、机械性能、色度及其稳定性和pH敏感性进行表征和分析,并将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中。结果表明：相对于SPI/Na2SO4膜,含有质量分数4%紫甘蓝花青素的指示膜,拉伸强度从2.46MPa增加到3.77 MPa,断裂伸长率从105.36%增加到131.96%;与标准白的色差从21.13增加到52.88,指示膜明度降低,色度偏黄绿色,结晶温度比SPI/Na2SO4膜升高。指示膜的色度在常温下5 d内不出现可视性色差,但pH敏感性强。将指示膜应用于巴氏杀菌乳新鲜度监测中,指示膜的颜色随着牛乳变质由绿变红,指示膜与原始膜的色差变化与巴氏杀菌乳的pH值变化呈相反趋势,且色差可见。因此,该指示膜具有监测巴氏杀菌乳腐败过程的潜力,应用前景广阔。     

鸡深层发酵制作营养酱油的研究

鸡(土从)连续发酵生产营养酱油,其最适接种量为20％,发酵时间7d;果胶酶和纤维素酶混合处理发酵液,可显著提高氨基态N和总N含量,氨基酸生成率达62.8％。     

Effect of menhaden fish oil supplementation and lipopolysaccharide exposure on nursery pigs. II. Effects on the immune axis when fed simple or complex diets containing no spray-dried plasma

A trial using 64 weanling pigs (TR4×PIC C22) was conducted to determine the effects of menhaden fish oil supplementation and diet complexity on performance and immune response of nursery pigs. Pigs (17 days and 6.27±1.16 kg) were weaned into a segregated early wean facility and given free access to a complex diet for 7 days post-weaning. At day 0 (day 7 post-weaning), pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to 64 pens. Treatments (Trt) were arranged as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement. Main effects included diet (complex versus simple), oil (menhaden fish (MFO) versus corn (CO)), and immunogen (saline versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). Experimental diets contained 6% oil (6% CO or 5% MFO+1% CO) and were fed for 14 days. On day 12, i.v. injections of either LPS (150 μg/kg) or saline were given, followed by blood collection at 30 min intervals for 6 h. After the immune challenge (day 14), pigs were placed onto a common corn-soybean meal fortified diet and growth performance was evaluated until termination of the study (day 28). Pigs were weighed and feed intakes recorded at 7, 14, and 28 days. Prior to immune challenge (day 12), there were differences in BW for pigs fed complex versus simple diets (P<0.01; 13.1 and 12.1 kg, respectively) and pigs fed CO versus MFO diets (P<0.05; 12.9 and 12.3 kg, respectively). During the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum cortisol with MFO fed pigs having lower serum cortisol as compared to CO fed pigs. Also, during the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Diet×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with CO having higher serum TNF- as compared with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with MFO. At days 14 and 28, LPS-treated pigs had lower BW than saline injected controls (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, pigs fed simplified diets continued to have lower BW after challenge compared to pigs fed a complex diet. Interestingly, there were no differences (P>0.10) in BW after challenge in pigs fed MFO. This study suggests that MFO supplementation alters the immune response during LPS challenge and that simplified diets may compromise nursery performance.