基于模糊专家系统的鱼疾病诊断方法

为实现鱼疾病的快速高效诊断,根据鱼疾病的模糊特性,建立多层次的知识库,并采用正向推理和反向推理相结合的模糊推理机。该系统采用Visual Basic6.0进行编程,在Windows2000平台上运行,其友好的人机交互操作界面,使鱼病诊断更为容易、形象、直观。     

鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺变化研究

[目的]研究鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中的生物胺含量变化。[方法]利用高效液相色谱-柱后衍生-荧光检测法研究了鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油中酪胺、尸胺、组胺、精胺、亚精胺、胍丁胺和腐胺7种生物胺含量在发酵过程中的变化。[结果]鱼酱油中的7种生物胺得到了很好的分离和测定,平均回收率较好,为88.6%～111.7%,相对标准偏差RSD小于10%。鱿鱼加工废弃物鱼酱油发酵过程中7种生物胺的变化规律：酪胺含量随发酵时间的延长增加较快,腐胺次之,组胺含量增加较少,尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量在发酵过程中变化很小。发酵30d得到的鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油中酪胺、腐胺、组胺、尸胺、胍丁胺、精胺、亚精胺含量分别为（20.75±0.84）、（8.95±0.55）、（3.37±0.27）、（0.32±0.07）、（0.14±0.02）、（0.67±0.02）、（0.69±0.03）mg/L,其与日本鱿鱼鱼酱油各种生物胺的含量比例相似。[结论]为鱿鱼加工废弃物低盐鱼酱油的生产提供技术资料。     

四种鱼肉的基本成分及胶原蛋白含量分析

通过测定鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicas)、鮻鱼(Liza haematocheila)、草鱼(Ctencpharyngodon idellus)和鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)的背部肌肉基本成分及羟脯氨酸的含量,从而对其胶原蛋白含量进行分析。结果显示：四种鱼肉中粗蛋白含量分别为18.23%、19.82%、16.18%、17.07%;胶原蛋白的特征性氨基酸羟脯氨酸含量分别为0.0574%、0.0646%、0.0781%、0.0743%,胶原蛋白含量分别为0.6371%、0.7159%、0.8669%、0.8247%。结果表明：仅从蛋白质含量来看,鱼肉是一种很好的蛋白质来源,并且海水鱼优于淡水鱼。但鱼肉中胶原蛋白含量很低,表明鱼肉不适合作为胶原蛋白的提取原料。     

江苏省宝应湖鱼类组成和优势种研究

[目的]对江苏省宝应湖鱼类组成进行研究。[方法]2012年9月至2014年5月通过标本采集和走访调查的方法对扬州市宝应湖鱼类种群结构进行了研究。[结果]宝应湖鱼类有41种,隶属7目、14科、33属。其中,物种数最多的为鲤形目,达26种,占调查鱼类物种总数的63.41%。从相对重要性指标(IRI)来看,宝应湖鱼类的优势种分别为鲫鱼、红鳍原鲌、条、贝氏条,多数优势种的平均体重为8.63~18.31 g。[结论]宝应湖鱼类种数减少,低龄化、小型化严重。     

河豚的食用安全性及营养价值研究进展

阐述了河豚食用安全性,以及国内外对河豚鱼肉、肝脏和精巢营养价值的研究现状,以期为养殖低毒或无毒的河豚、科学地利用河豚资源及开放河豚市场提供参考。     

Effect of menhaden fish oil supplementation and lipopolysaccharide exposure on nursery pigs. II. Effects on the immune axis when fed simple or complex diets containing no spray-dried plasma

A trial using 64 weanling pigs (TR4×PIC C22) was conducted to determine the effects of menhaden fish oil supplementation and diet complexity on performance and immune response of nursery pigs. Pigs (17 days and 6.27±1.16 kg) were weaned into a segregated early wean facility and given free access to a complex diet for 7 days post-weaning. At day 0 (day 7 post-weaning), pigs were blocked by weight and allotted to 64 pens. Treatments (Trt) were arranged as a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement. Main effects included diet (complex versus simple), oil (menhaden fish (MFO) versus corn (CO)), and immunogen (saline versus lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). Experimental diets contained 6% oil (6% CO or 5% MFO+1% CO) and were fed for 14 days. On day 12, i.v. injections of either LPS (150 μg/kg) or saline were given, followed by blood collection at 30 min intervals for 6 h. After the immune challenge (day 14), pigs were placed onto a common corn-soybean meal fortified diet and growth performance was evaluated until termination of the study (day 28). Pigs were weighed and feed intakes recorded at 7, 14, and 28 days. Prior to immune challenge (day 12), there were differences in BW for pigs fed complex versus simple diets (P<0.01; 13.1 and 12.1 kg, respectively) and pigs fed CO versus MFO diets (P<0.05; 12.9 and 12.3 kg, respectively). During the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum cortisol with MFO fed pigs having lower serum cortisol as compared to CO fed pigs. Also, during the challenge period, for pigs treated with LPS there was a Time×Diet×Immunogen×Oil effect (P<0.001) for serum tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with CO having higher serum TNF- as compared with pigs fed complex diets supplemented with MFO. At days 14 and 28, LPS-treated pigs had lower BW than saline injected controls (P<0.001 and 0.01, respectively). In addition, pigs fed simplified diets continued to have lower BW after challenge compared to pigs fed a complex diet. Interestingly, there were no differences (P>0.10) in BW after challenge in pigs fed MFO. This study suggests that MFO supplementation alters the immune response during LPS challenge and that simplified diets may compromise nursery performance.     

Tissue-specific antioxidative and neurotoxic responses to diazinon in Oreochromis niloticus

The purpose of this study was to evaluate oxidative stress and neurotoxic potential of organophosphorus (OP) insecticide diazinon in the sentinel freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein levels were measured spectrophotometrically in gill, kidney, alimentary tract, and muscle tissues of fish treated with sub-lethal diazinon concentrations for 1, 7, 15, and 30 days. Dose-dependent inhibitions of AChE were observed in all the experimental fish. On the contrary of alimentary tract, MDA levels were elevated in kidney and muscle and gill was not affected. AChE and MDA levels intercorrelated in kidney and muscle tissues. Diazinon had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in all the tissues, while kidney was the most affected tissue. Tissue-specific alterations were observed on catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; however, the activities were not changed in gill and muscle tissues for GPx and in gill, muscle, and kidney tissues for CAT. Protein levels decreased in kidney, muscle, and alimentary tract, while increased in gill and alimentary tract in 15 days. With respect to these results, diazinon has oxidative and neurotoxic potentials in O. niloticus. Observed changes with diazinon treatment were generally tissue-specific and dose-dependent.     

耦合水文情势及鱼类繁殖的江垭水库生态调度需求研究（生态调度专刊）

大型水库实施生态调度是修复河流水文情势、维持河流生态系统健康的重要手段。江垭水库位于溇水干流下游的张家界慈利县，是澧水流域具有重要防洪意义的大型水库。本研究通过环境DNA采样、IHA水文指标变动分析和文献资料总结等方法，开展了江垭坝下水文情势及鱼类繁殖需求的关系研究，提出了江垭水库生态调度需求及建议。2021年9月在溇水干支流综合调查到鱼类55种，与上世纪90年代相比，流水性种类在干流江段显著减少了51.35%；按照生态调度优先等级评估原则，确定江垭水库生态调度的主要目标物种为产漂流性卵的银鲴、银鮈、贝氏?和产粘沉性卵的鲤、鲫；江垭建坝前后下游水文情势变化较大，发生高度改变且对鱼类洄游产卵及鱼卵发育有重要作用的水文指标包括：年最大1日、3日平均流量指标，年出现高流量脉冲事件的次数和持续时间，以及连续日流量上涨率。以促进坝下不同产卵类型的鱼类繁殖为目标，江垭水库生态调度一方面需要恢复一定的高流量脉冲次数和历时，另一方面需要控制下游的水位日降幅，通过泄放合理的生态流量来维持下游鱼类的生物多样性。     

Protein quality of larval feed with increased concentration of hydrolysed protein: effects of heat treatment and leaching

Four heat coagulated early weaning diets with increasing concentrations of pepsin hydrolysed protein, were investigated with regard to the change in protein quality during feed production and exposure to leaching. Water-soluble N, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and amino acid (AA) profiles were determined in finished diets and in diets leached for 6 min. In vitro diet digestibility was measured and related to increasing inclusion of hydrolysed protein and N leakage. Seventeen to 47% of soluble N in the feed ingredients was made insoluble by heat denaturation during feed production, but the concentration of peptides and free amino acids (FAA) were not influenced. All peptides/FAA and 70–80% of water-soluble protein were lost after exposure to leaching. Increased inclusion of hydrolysed protein increased the loss of crude protein (15–30%). All taurine and 30% of histidine was lost during leaching, no other major changes in AA profile were found. There was no difference in digestibility between diets exposed to leaching. However, leached diets showed reduced digestibility as compared to diets that had not been exposed to leaching. In conclusion micro-bound type diets as used in this study have a low efficiency in delivering soluble N to fish larvae and should be carefully considered for this purpose.