蠡湖鱼类种质资源信息平台的初步研究

本文主要介绍了利用可视化开发语言、数据库技术和网络技术将历史的蠡湖鱼类种质资源数据进行整理、整合，最终通过网络发布，使蠡湖鱼类种质资源数据得到保存和共享。客户端录入平台和网站通过网络数据库被有机的结合在一起，更大程度的满足了数据维护和操作的需要。     

The role of life-history and location of barriers to migration in the spatial distribution and conservation of fish assemblages in a coastal river system

Water resource development in coastal river catchments contributes to poor fish assemblage health due to the effects of barriers to migration and altered flow regimes. Impacts of migration barriers on fish assemblages depend primarily on the location of each barrier within the river network and migration needs of regional fish fauna. This study examined how temporal and spatial patterns in the distribution and composition of fish assemblages was associated with varying estuarine connectivity and migration barriers in higher altitude reaches in the eastern Hunter River catchment, temperate Australia. Species richness and abundances of diadromous species were expected to be greater in a tributary catchment with unrestricted connectivity to the Hunter River estuary when compared to a neighbouring tributary catchment with restricted connectivity. Six diadromous species were sampled only, or in greater abundances, in the unrestricted tributary when compared to the restricted tributary. As a consequence, assemblage composition in the restricted tributary was dominated by non-diadromous species. Greater abundances of the amphidromous Cox’s gudgeon (Gobiomorphus coxii) were sampled in the unrestricted tributary following their estuarine-freshwater upstream juvenile migration period when compared to the restricted tributary. Differences in the accumulations of migratory species immediately downstream of upland barriers between the two levels of estuary connectivity indicate that migration barriers in lowland reaches have significant effects throughout the entire catchment. Results of this study indicate that the location of each barrier to migration within river networks has varying consequences for catchment-scale connectivity loss and assessing the impacts of multiple barriers. Determining the effects and most appropriate management of migration barriers requires that all obstructions within a river network are recognised, as multiple barriers can have cumulative and interacting consequences for freshwater fish fauna, especially diadromous species.     

固定化细胞发酵半纤维素水解液产木糖醇的研究

固定在海藻酸钙凝胶中的热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)细胞，可有效地利用玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇。在摇瓶条件下，采用分批发酵方式，确立了适宜的发酵工艺参数为：32℃，每升氮源含酵母粉2．2g、胰蛋白胨3．7g，发酵液初始pH值6．0，分段改变摇床转速，其中0～24h为210r／min；24～72h为140r／min，固定化细胞凝胶珠与玉米芯半纤维素水解液体积比为1：4。利用固定化细胞重复进行10批次共30d发酵，木糖醇得率平均为73．7％，达到了理论值的80％。固定化细胞密度高、抗逆性强、发酵性能稳定，水解液未经脱色与离子交换便可转化成木糖醇，显示了良好的应用前景。     

环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响

介绍了吞噬细胞的作用及其作用机理;综述了污染物、水温、种群密度等环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响.旨在为深入研究环境因子对鱼类吞噬细胞作用的影响提供参考,为评估环境因子对鱼类免疫和健康的影响提供依据.     

Development of two telemetry-based systems for monitoring the feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in aquaculture sea-cages

Two novel acoustic transmitter tags intended to reflect feeding behaviours in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were developed and tested in this study. Using information from the literature and video recordings of feeding salmon, measurements of swimming depth and motion (acceleration) were identified as two promising sensing principles on which to base the tag development. Video footage and laboratory studies were used to develop corresponding algorithms that translated depth and acceleration measurements into compound parameters reflecting the different aspects that discern feeding activity from other activities. Field tests performed in a sea-farm were used to verify the functionality of the tags, and indicated that both tag types had potential in distinguishing between feeding and non-feeding behaviour. Additionally, both depth- and acceleration-based tags were seen to have applications to fish monitoring and farm management beyond that of observing feeding in salmon, in giving recordings of the vertical swimming behaviour of fish over extended periods of time as well as indications of the activity changes of fish due to external influences. These results suggest that fish telemetry using sensor-based transmitter tags could represent a useful tool in future fish farm management.     

黄河干流禹门口至三门峡段鱼类物种多样性及保护对策

为了解黄河干流禹门口至三门峡河段渔业资源现状,于2012年5～9月对此河段的鱼类资源进行了调查。结果表明,该河段鱼类种群数量较小,鱼类资源下降严重,渔获物组成趋于小型化。鱼类区系组成简单,物种多样性较低,分布不均匀;通过分析该河段鱼类资源量衰退的原因,提出了针对该河段鱼类资源保护和渔业资源可持续利用的对策。     

鱼类Ghrelin的研究进展

Ghelin是1条N末端第3个氨基酸被脂肪酸链修饰含有28个氨基酸的多肽。Ghrelin的发现扩展了其在脊椎动物调节能量动态平衡中的作用。Ghrelin不仅具有刺激鱼类生长激素的释放、提高摄食量和引起肥胖等生物作用,还能影响多种激素释放以及调节GH/IGF-1轴。其生物学作用主要通过与体内的内源性配体生长激素促分泌素受体-1a(GHSR-1a)结合而实现。针对以上这些重要的生物学作用,介绍了鱼类Ghrelin的研究进展。     

玉米芯木聚糖的碱法提取及其酶解产物研究

为了探明碱法提取玉米芯木聚糖的最适条件,对玉米芯木聚糖的提取条件进行了研究,并对提取的不同木聚糖进行酶解。结果表明:碱法提取玉米芯木聚糖时,在100g/L NaOH、1∶20固液比、60℃、3h的条件下进行一次性提取,木聚糖得率达29.45%。提取液离心可得到纯度达80.5%的水不溶性木聚糖(wis-X),乙醇沉淀得到的水溶性木聚糖(ws-X)纯度为6.4%。wis-X的酶解产物是木糖和3种低聚木糖,ws-X的酶解产物是葡萄糖和3种低聚木糖。因此,玉米芯是制备wis-X和低聚木糖的理想原料,从简化工艺和节约成本角度考虑,碱提前不需稀酸预处理,适宜条件下提取1次即可。     

芹菜鲢鱼蛋白复合饮料的工艺研究

[目的]确定芹菜鲢鱼蛋白复合饮料的最佳复配条件。[方法]通过采用中性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶混合酶解鲢鱼蛋白,制取鲢鱼蛋白水解液,再经过脱腥、脱色、浓缩后,与芹菜汁复配成具有降血压、降血脂等功能的保健型复合饮料,研究鲢鱼蛋白水解液添加量、芹菜汁添加量、糖添加量、柠檬酸添加量对饮料感官性状的影响,通过正交试验确定该饮料的最佳复配条件。[结果]由正交试验获得饮料的最佳复配条件为：每100 ml饮料中鲢鱼蛋白水解浓缩液添加量20 ml,芹菜汁添加量12 ml,白砂糖添加量7 g,柠檬酸添加量0.20 g。此时,该饮料色泽成浅绿色,半透明,风味口感最好,组织状态均一稳定,无悬浮物或沉淀。[结论]该研究为鱼肉蛋白的深加工与利用提供了科学依据。     

基于模糊专家系统的鱼疾病诊断方法

为实现鱼疾病的快速高效诊断,根据鱼疾病的模糊特性,建立多层次的知识库,并采用正向推理和反向推理相结合的模糊推理机。该系统采用Visual Basic6.0进行编程,在Windows2000平台上运行,其友好的人机交互操作界面,使鱼病诊断更为容易、形象、直观。