7种啤酒废酵母酶解液挥发性成分对橘小实蝇的引诱作用

测试了啤酒废酵母酶解液7种挥发性成分(3-甲基-1-丁醇、苯甲醛、乙酸辛酯、乙酸苯乙酯、辛酸乙酯、苯乙腈和苯乙醇)及其混合物对不同发育期橘小实蝇的引诱效果.结果显示,乙酸辛酯、乙酸苯乙酯和辛酸乙酯对橘小实蝇雌雄成虫的引诱作用显著;利用正交试验方法得到200μL·m L-1乙酸辛酯、200μL·m L-1乙酸苯乙酯和100μL·m L-1辛酸乙酯的混合物对橘小实蝇的引诱效果最好,引诱率达到88.6%.     

洞庭湖鱼类群落结构和生物多样性分析

[目的]对洞庭湖鱼类群落结构及生物多样性进行分析。[方法]通过对洞庭湖鱼类资源进行初步调查,并对洞庭湖鱼种类情况、鱼类生物量情况、优势鱼类情况以及鱼类多样性情况进行了分析。[结果]洞庭湖各区域鱼类物种数量均相差不大,其生物量最多的是鲤鱼。洞庭湖优势种鱼类比例依次为鲤科、鮠科、鮨科、鳅科。洞庭湖鱼类Shannon-Wiener(H1)指数的变化范围为1.681~2.511,丰富度(R)指数的变化范围为1.851~2.584,Pielou(J')指数的变化范围为0.581~0.879。相关性分析表明,洞庭湖鱼类Shannon-Wiener(H1)指数与丰富度(R)指数、Shannon-Wiener(H1)指数与Pielou(J')指数均呈高度相关性。[结论]该研究结果可为洞庭湖的生态修复提供理论基础。     

可见植入荧光标记和微金属线码标记标志拉萨裂腹鱼的研究

[目的]研究不同标记方法对拉萨裂腹鱼的标记效果,为其增殖放流与效果评估提供技术支撑。[方法]分别采用可见植入荧光标记(VIE)、微金属线码标记(CWT)和空白对照处理对拉萨裂腹鱼幼鱼(5~7 cm)进行为期40 d的标志试验,研究不同标记方法对拉萨裂腹鱼的标记效果。[结果] VIE组试验鱼的存活率明显高于CWT组和对照组。 VIE组和CWT组试验鱼的标志保持率分别为100%和98%。 VIE和CWT标记对试验鱼生长均没有显著影响。[结论] VIE标记是拉萨裂腹鱼幼鱼较适宜的短期标志方式。     

碰撞反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定市售鱼丸中硼含量

[目的]建立密闭高压消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析鱼丸中总硼含量的方法。[方法]鱼丸样品经HNO3-H2 O2处理后,以45 Sc为内标元素消除非质谱干扰,以氦气为碰撞反应气消除质谱干扰,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪直接测定硼含量。[结果]在优化的试验条件下,方法的检出限为0.33μg/L,标准曲线的回归系数为0.9998。在高、中、低3个添加水平下,样品的回收率为96.8%~114.1%,相对标准偏差为4.6%~6.2%。选用3种国家有证标准物质进行测定,测定值与参考值一致,结果满意。[结论]该试验方法具有准确、快速、检出限低及线性范围宽等优点,适用于鱼丸中硼含量的检测。     

工厂化循环水鱼类养殖脱氮趋零排放系统研制

为摆脱生物膜脱氮技术的制约,提高循环水脱氮处理效率,营造适合鱼类养殖的富氧环境,增加鱼类养殖经济效益;基于鱼菜共生生态及经济效益,提供一种设计合理、高效环保的工厂化循环水鱼类养殖脱氮趋零排放系统,重点解决种养殖水体营养浓度需求不一致的关键技术瓶颈。将养殖污水经过电迁移和膜浓缩工艺结构,得到能够满足植物营养需求的高氮水,同时得到能够用于鱼类养殖池的循环水,解决鱼菜营养物质浓度需求矛盾,大大提高植物和鱼类的产量,获取鱼菜共生效益。同时,为方便对工厂化循环水鱼类养殖脱氮趋零排放系统的操作,设置了总控制平台和分控制平台,具备24h集中与分布控制性能。应用试验分析表明,经系统处理的养殖水体可以满足鱼菜生长需求,系统研制是成功的。     

鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的制备研究

文章探讨了以鲢（Hypophthalmichthysmolitrix）鱼骨为原料,采用风味蛋白酶酶解制备骨胶原多肽水解液,剩余骨渣经乳酸提取制备骨粉酸解液（钙液）,研究其通过螯合制备鲢鱼骨胶原多肽螯合钙的工艺条件。分析了酶解时间对鲢鱼骨蛋白酶解产物产品品质和功能特性（溶解性和热稳定性）的影响以及采用乳酸提取鲢鱼骨中钙时提取温度对钙溶出率的影响,并以螯合率为指标,考察pH、时间、温度和多肽液与钙液体积比对螯合反应的影响。结果表明,在温度50℃,按原料鱼排质量0．09％加入风味蛋白酶酶解30min制备出的鲢鱼骨胶原多肽具有良好的产品品质和功能特性;乳酸提钙时提取温度对钙溶出率没有显著性影响（P〉0．05）;在pH8、温度25℃条件下,多肽液与钙液体积比1：1反应40min得到的鲢鱼骨胶原蛋白螯合钙螯合率最高（85．24％）。     

Immunostimulatory effects of natural human interferon-alpha (huIFN-α) on carps Cyprinus carpio L.

Human interferon-α (huIFN-α) is an important immunomodulatory substance used in the treatment and prevention of numerous infectious and immune-related diseases in animals. However, the immunostimulatory effects of huIFN-α in fish remain to be investigated. In the current study, the immune responses of the carp species Cyprinus carpio L. to treatment with huIFN-α were analyzed via measurement of superoxide anion production, phagocytic activity and the expression of cytokine genes including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 10. Low doses of huIFN-α were administered orally once a day for 3 days, and sampling was carried out at 1, 3 and 5 days post-treatment. Our results indicate that a low dose of huIFN-α significantly increased phagocytic activity and superoxide anion production in the carp kidney. The huIFN-α-treated fish also displayed a significant upregulation in cytokine gene expression. The current study demonstrates the stimulatory effects of huIFN-α on the carp immune system and highlights the immunomodulatory role of huIFN-α in fish.     

Effect of dietary supplementation of fish oil for lactating sows and weaned piglets on piglet Th polarization

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on piglet T helper cells (Th) polarization in relation to its impact on piglet serum interferon γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) concentrations and splenic expression of Th1/Th2 characteristic genes. The diets of 18 gestating sows were supplemented with 7% lard (C) (n = 10) or 7% fish oil (T) (n = 8) from 10 d before parturition to weaning. At weaning, a split plot experiment was designed, 56 piglets, 28 each from sows fed with fish oil diet or lard diet, were divided into four groups of 7 replicates (one female and one castrated male per replicate) based on both sow diet during lactation and post-weaning piglet diet (C had 7% lard and T had 7% fish oil): CC, CT, TC, TT, and were fed the 7% fish oil or lard diet from day 35 to day 70. Serum concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10, and Th1/Th2 related genes expression levels in spleen were measured and analyzed. The results showed that piglets fed with fish oil diet during post-weaning tended to have higher serum IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.09) than lard diet fed piglets. Lactation fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b, IL-12 receptor β2 (IL-12Rβ2), IL-2 and IFN-γ genes expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) and post-weaning fish oil feeding increased splenic IL-12b (P = 0.06), IL-2 (P < 0.01) and IFN-γ (P = 0.08) mRNA expression than that in lard diet fed piglets at the end of this experiment. On the other hand, IL-4 gene expression (P = 0.01) in spleen was lower in weaned piglet from fish oil diet fed sows than that from lard diet fed sows. However, post-weaning piglets fed fish oil diet had higher splenic IL-4 (P = 0.06), IL-6 (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P = 0.05) mRNA abundances than that fed with lard diet. These results indicated that dietary fish oil during lactation could increase Th1 polarization and accelerate immune maturation; while 7% fish oil in weaned piglets' diet was likely to increase Th2 cytokines expression.     

敌百虫对白云山鱼的急性毒性试验

进行了敌百虫对国家二级保护水生野生动物白云山鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明:敌百虫对白云山鱼的12,24和48 h TLM半致死浓度分别为5.4,4.0,4.0 mg/L;安全浓度为1.2 mg/L。