信阳市平桥区水稻种植气候区划

开展信阳市平桥区水稻种植气候区划,一是对全区气候资源可行性进行论证,为合理开发利用气候资源提供理论依据;二是为各级政府调整农业种植结构、防灾减灾提供决策依据。笔者遵循主导因子与辅助因子相结合的原则,利用GIS技术,采用模糊数学和专家打分法,构建模糊隶属度函数,然后根据区划指标对平桥区水稻种植进行气候区划,划分为适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区。结果表明,平桥区大部分地区是适宜水稻种植的。     

机械工程认识实习教学模式的创新与实践

机械工程认识实习足本科生进入专业课程学习之前的一个集中实践教学环节。在分析了过去认识实习教学中存在的问题的基础上,提出了其改革的方向和途径;阐述了机械工程认识实习校内实践教学平台的建设方案和内容。通过组织实施三届大规模的认识实习,验证了校内实践教学平台建设方案的可行性。     

精细化农业气候区划业务流程初步设计

根据以往农业气候区划的实践,结合现代农业气象业务需求及精细化农业气候区划的特点,初步设计了精细化农业气候区划业务流程。业务流程主要包括确定区划对象、区划对象与气候条件的关系分析、资料的收集与处理、区划指标及区划方法的确定、区划图的制作、区划结果的检验、报告的撰写以及区划产品的服务过程。农业气候区划业务流程的制定对规范和指导精细化农业气候区划业务工作具有重要现实意义。     

坡面过程、块体移动和土壤侵蚀研究进展

Soil erosion and land degradation are global problems and pose major issues in many countries.Both soil erosion and mass movement are two forms of land degradation and humans play important roles in these geomorphological processes.This paper reviews slope processes associated with mass movement and soil erosion and contributory factors,including physical and human agents.Acting together,these cause diverse geomorphological features.Slope processes are illustrated by reference to case studies from Brazil and UK.The causes and impacts of erosion are discussed,along with appropriate remedial bioengineering methods and the potential of the measures to prevent these types of environmental degradation.Although there are several agents of erosion,water is the most important one.Cultivation can promote soil erosion,due to ploughing and harvesting,which moves soil down slopes.Soil erosion and mass movement data would inform the viability of soil conservation practices.Integrated management of drainage basins offers a promising way forward for effective soil conservation and soil remedial bioengineering in Brazil and UK.     

铵态氮素促进甘薯块根形成的解剖特征及其IbEXP1基因的表达

This study chose Shangshu 19 (S19) and Jixu 23 (J23) categorized by valid tuber root number per plant as analyzing varieties and arranged treatment combinations consisted of two nitrogen forms ammonium nitrogen (A_N) and amide nitrogen (X_N) integrated with two nitrogen rates 60 kg hm^-2 (L_N60) and 180 kg hm^-2 (H_N180), using field and pot trial assays, plus a check treatment received no nitrogen supply in order to make research on the anatomical observation on sweet potato tuber root differentiation and expression characteristics of IbEXP1 gene associated with tuber root formation in ammonia nitrogen in 2014 and 2015. Our results showed that the storage root yield of Shangshu 19 associated with more valid tuber root number per plant was significantly higher than Jixu 23 at harvest stage, which was significant difference compared with each other. In addition, nitrogen levels and nitrogen forms had significant interaction effects. The 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment in two sweet potato genotypes achieved the highest final storage root yield in field experiment and showed higher valid tuber root number per plant, which attributed to the younger tubers whose root diameter between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm during the canopy closure period. It had been observed that 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment possessed the most vessels in the primary xylem bundle and the lignified parenchyma cells of the stele tissues in the pre-cambial period, followed with possessing high level expression of IbEXP1 gene, the biggest root diameter and stele diameter and the most number of primary and secondary xylem bundles in the course of primary cambium growth. As the vascular cambium was initiated, relative expression of IbEXP1 gene at 60 kg hm^-2ammonium nitrogen treatment and the degree of parenchyma cells lignification were intermediate between no nitrogen application and high nitrogen treatments, however, the diameter of root and stele and the ratio of them were highest, which achieved the perfect harmony in lignification and division of parenchyma cells in tuberization.     

地下水监测研究进展

地下水监测是加强地下水管理和保护、实施水资源优化配置和合理调度的重要基础。作者在查阅大量相关文献的基础上,分析了地下水监测网规划现状及其发展趋势,提出地下水监测系统的概念并抽象出其逻辑模型,为地下水监测理论研究提供了科学依据。     

基于CA-Markov模型的黄土丘陵区土地利用变化

为探讨黄土丘陵区的土地利用变化规律以及驱动机制,以罗玉沟流域作为典型流域,基于1986、2001年的TM影像为数据源,对土地利用格局分布进行分析,并运用CA-Markov模型,以2001年的土地利用格局为基础,预测了2016年流域的土地利用的空间格局分布。结果表明,罗玉沟流域土地利用格局在1986年以前,以坡耕地为主,面积占59.67%,其次为梯田、草地和林地。从1986年到2001年林地和梯田的面积均有显著增加,坡耕地面积则显著减少,其余土地利用类型面积变化不大。从单一土地利用类型动态度来看,面积增加大     

车用纤维增强塑料(FRP)的成型工艺及其应用

概述了纤维增强塑料(FRP)的性能特点和主要成分,重点介绍了FRP的成型工艺及各种工艺方法在汽车工业中的应用。     

新型沉沙池沉沙效果的应用研究

微灌用新型沉沙池是一种新型泥沙处理设备,地表水资源经过它处理后可直接作为灌溉水源进入农田微灌系统。通过原型观测实验分析,对微灌用新型沉沙池的泥沙沿程分布情况和水流含沙量变化进行了研究。结果表明:相比传统沉沙池,新型沉沙池对泥沙的沉淀效果更明显,泥沙颗粒自池首至池尾的沿程分布表现出由大到小变化规律,且渠尾出池水流的悬移质含沙量明显减小,具有广阔的应用前景。     

采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer方法测定植物线粒体能量代谢

线粒体是植物进行呼吸和能量代谢的主要场所,但目前关于线粒体能量代谢的测定方法较为繁琐,亟需一种快速有效测定线粒体能量代谢的手段。本研究采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer(Seahorse Bioscience,America)方法对玉兰(Magnolia denudata)花部器官线粒体代谢情况进行测定,并对测试技术进行改进。通过直接测定氧气消耗速率,进而检测组织细胞内的线粒体呼吸速率和能量代谢。采用该方法对同一组织样品进行多次测量,测量结果稳定,表明该方法是一种可靠的测定线粒体呼吸和能量代谢的方法。并且,通过加入不同的呼吸抑制剂来鉴定细胞的呼吸途径,可快速获取有效数据。此外,还可直接对组织内线粒体的呼吸代谢进行测定,简便性、实时性均优于其他线粒体代谢测定方法,是一种快速有效,且可以进行实时动态观测的试验方法。